(1)
Fault analysis Single point failures for the 3-transistor current limiter
15-Oct-09
John Oliver
(2)
The faults considered in this document should really be considered “solder faults” of the sort expected during the assembly process of the Power Distribution Boards. The two categories of faults considered are
a) Open circuit in any solder pad in any device. b) Short circuit between adjacent pads in the design. It is assumed that pc layout will be
conservative and that “adjacent pads” will only exist within a single component.
All such fabrication faults are expected to exist at some probability and will be found in a rigorous QA/QC program for the boards. Seventeen fault conditions were analyzed and shown in the table below. Note that the analysis was done assuming the high voltage source to be current limited at 10 ma. Thus, we assume that if the circuit fault is such as to draw currents larger than this, the current will be limited to this value by the supply itself. Note also that the nominal limiting current has been set by resistor values to 300 uA.
Case Device Condition Current in load Breakdown 1 Normal operation 299 uA 2 Q3 Open base 10 mA 3 Q2 Open base 80 uA Q3 Vce 4 Q1 Open base 160 uA Q1 Vce 5a Q2 Open collector 166 uA Q1 Vce 5b Q1 Open emitter " " 6 Q1 Open collector 230 uA Q2 Vbe reverse 7 R2 Open 7 nA Q1 Vce 8 R3 Open 6 nA Q2 Vce 9 R5 Open 170 uA
10 R2 Short 473 uA Q2 Vce 11 R3 Short 375 uA Q1 Vce 12 R5 Short 10 ma 13 Q1 CB short 473 uA Q2 Vce 14 Q1 BE short 230 uA 15 Q2 CB short 10 ma 16 Q2 BE short 165 uA 17 Q3 BE short 10 ma
All of the fault conditions above result in an improper operation of the circuit in some way. Four of these conditions result in complete non-operation of the circuit and will deliver the full 10ma to a small load, taken in this analysis as a 100 Ohms to ground short. Ten of the faults will result in circuit voltages which exceed the transistor rating and can potentially destroy these devices. The result of damage to these devices was not analyzed further, so at this point it is not known what the final outcome in current delivered to the load will be in those cases. Finally, three of the fault cases resulted in a valid current limit at the load. In these cases, of course, normal circuit operation will be impaired, but the current will be limited and the components will all survive.
(3)
This analysis points to the need to be very careful about how the circuits are to be initially powered up for QA/QC. The tests must be done starting at values of HV low enough so that the fault can be identified while not damaging remaining components. The tests should then be performed at increasing voltage levels up to the maximum (or beyond) insuring a fully operational device.
Conclusions
The fault analysis describes mostly solder faults occurring during fabrication but could equally apply to faults in the generally non-prescreened components themselves. These faults are all discoverable during careful QA/QC procedures and are all repairable by re-soldering or component replacement.
Opinions
The analysis indicated that many of the initial fault conditions can damage remaining components. In many of these cases, those components may be protected by adding protective devices (diodes, extra transistors, etc). This however increases the complexity of the design. It is likely that the addition of just a few components can eliminate the possibility of a single point failure causing excess current in the load. It is not likely that we can prevent that situation with anything short of a complete duplication of the limiter. If complete elimination of this possibility is mandatory, then it seems the only solution is to use two such limiters in series.
In my opinion, this should not be a requirement for the following reasons.
a) The NOvA Experiment is not open to the public. Only trained technical staff will be allowed enter the area. All personnel should go through safety training before being allowed onto the detector.
b) The Power Distribution Boxes should be clearly labeled as a potential high voltage hazard. c) The limiters as currently designed should be 100% screened during careful QA/QC procedure. d) A burn in procedure which applies a short circuit condition to the limiters for extended time
periods can be considered. e) Once the devices are released for use in NOvA, the screening procedures will have reduced future
failure probabilities by many orders of magnitude. This, along with a) above, guarantees a safe situation on the detector.
f) Replacement of components in the design with higher voltage rated parts does in itself reduce the probability of single point failures during manufacturing. It does reduce the probability of damage occurring to those devices during a fault condition, but this does not seem to warrant the large cost and real estate increase these parts would require. In any case, a fault condition discovered on-detector will result in replacing the entire card. The faulty card will then be repaired and at that time all damaged parts replaced.
g) Whatever circuit is chosen should undergo torture testing by means of a pulsed high voltage relay to create shorts at the load. Several copies of the circuit should be so tested prior to incorporation into the PDBs.
h) Transient simulations were performed assuming a rapid (1 us turn on time) short to ground on the output. In this situation, transistor Q2 will see a transient Vce difference of the full 500V swing for several us. The Vce breakdown rating is, however, a dc rating only, as it corresponds to thermal damage of the collector. Transients of only a few us duration would not result in such
(4)
breakdown. This claim can be verified by torture testing as described in g) above. Furthermore, the “Human Body Model” is nothing like a short circuit and will not result in such rapid transients. In short, transients do not represent a fault mode of the circuit.
i) Use of one limiter per hv spigot would seem to be the best configuration from the safety point of view as a human body short would result in the lowest level of delivered current.
Appendix
Detailed results of each of the fault conditions are shown in the following pages.
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 1 : Normal operation
Note: Current source, transistor Q4, and battery are not real components. Theyare there to simulation a 10ma current limited voltage source
Note 2 -
Note 3:
N31.044V
N5
29.93mV
0V
0V
29.93mV
N4555.8mV
N0249.8V
Vhva
249.8V
N1249.3V
555.8mV
1.044V
499.3V500.0V
0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1 KSP44Q1 KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 2 : Q3 open base
Note: Current source, transistor Q4, and battery are not real components. Theyare there to simulation a 10ma current limited voltage source
Note 2 - Voltage at HV input drops to 270V because HV supply cannotsupply more than 10 ma.
Note 3: 10 ma is delivered to load
N3
N51.000V
0V
0V
1.000V
N4
N0124.3V
Vhva
124.3V
N1123.7V
41.00V
41.62V
1.222V
499.3V269.9V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Tuesday, October 13, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1 KSP44Q1 KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
R0
1000G
R0
1000G
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 3 : Q2 open base
Note 2 - Q2 Vce exceeds Vces
Note 3:
280.7mV
N5
8.833uV
0V
0V
8.833uV
N4350.2uV
N0500.0V
Vhva
500.0V
500.0V
N1499.7V
350.2uV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1 KSP44Q1 KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R4
1000G
R4
1000G
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 4 : Q1 open base
Note 2 - Q1 Vce exceeds Vces
Note 3:
N5
16.64mV
0V
0V
16.64mV
N4507.4mV
Vhva
250.5V
N1576.5mV
507.4mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
1.028V
N3
854.4mV
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R6
1000G
R6
1000G
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1 KSP44Q1 KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 5 : Q2 open collector/Q1 open emitter
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
16.63mV
N4507.4mV
Vhva
250.5V
507.4mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
250.5V
16.63mV
576.5mV
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R81000GR81000G
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1 KSP44Q1 KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 6 : Q1 open collector
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
23.09mV
N4536.1mV
Vhva
153.7V
536.1mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
153.7V
23.09mV
153.2V
153.2V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
R91000GR91000G
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 7 : R2 open
Note 2 - Q1 Vcb exceeds Vcbs
Note 3:
0V
0V
703.6nV
N428.85uV
Vhva
259.7mV
28.85uV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
259.7mV
703.6nV
207.4mV
500.0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21000GR21000G
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 8 : R3 open
0V
0V
N3
274.3mV
N1500.0V
N5
6.555uV
N2
499.7V
6.555uV
500.0V
N4268.7uV
N0
500.0V499.3V
268.7uV
500.0V
0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
R31000GR31000G
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
V1499.3V
V1499.3V I110mA I110mA
Rload100Rload100
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 9 : R5 open
Note 2 - Limits to 170uA, but current delivered by Q3, not Q2
Note 3:
0V
0V
16.94mV
N4543.1mV
Vhva
250.4V
543.1mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
250.4V
16.94mV
250.0V
500.0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R51000GR51000G
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 10 : R2 short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
47.33mV
N4591.4mV
Vhva
500.0V
591.4mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
1.067V
500.0V
47.33mV
499.5V
500.0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21R21
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
R54kR54k
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 11: R3 short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
37.35mV
N4572.5mV
Vhva
1.096V
572.5mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
1.095V
1.096V
37.35mV
652.0mV
500.0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
Rload100Rload100
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R31R31
R54kR54k
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 12 : R5 short
0V
0V
N3
1.620V
N184.27V
N5
1.000V
N2
83.66V
1.000V
229.9V
N41.001V
N0
84.27V499.3V
1.001V
229.9V
0V
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of
<Doc> <RevCod
<Title>
A
1 1Thursday, October 15, 2009
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R5.1R5.1
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
Rload100Rload100
I110mA I110mAV1
499.3VV1
499.3V
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 13 : Q1 CB short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
47.33mV
N4591.4mV
N0
500.0V
591.4mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
1.067V
N1500.0V
N5
47.33mV
499.5V
500.0V
N0
N1
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R40.1R40.1
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 14 : Q1 BE short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
23.09mV
N4536.1mV
N0
153.7V
536.1mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
1.032V
N1153.7V
N5
23.09mV
N2
153.7V
500.0V
N2
N1
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R40.1R40.1
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 15 : Q2 CB short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
1.000V
N41.635V
N0
2.792V
1.635V
499.3V85.70V
0V
N3
2.172V
N12.792V
N5
1.000V
N2
2.173V
85.70V
N2
N3
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R40.1R40.1
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 16 : Q2 BE short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
16.65mV
N4507.6mV
N0
250.3V
507.6mV
499.3V500.0V
0V
N3
507.6mV
N1250.3V
N5
16.65mV
N2
250.1V
500.0V
N4
N3
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R40.1R40.1
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
D D
C C
B B
A A
Case 17 : Q3 BE short
Note 2 -
Note 3:
0V
0V
1.000V
N41.001V
N0
84.27V
1.001V
499.3V229.9V
0V
N3
1.620V
N184.27V
N5
1.000V
N2
83.66V
229.9V
N4
N5
0
0
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Title
Size Document Number Rev
Date: Sheet of<Doc> <RevCode
<Title>
B1 1Wednesday, October 14, 2009
R40.1R40.1
INCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.libINCLUDE: D:\NOvA\Electronics\PowerGrounding\limiter\KSP44.lib
INCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIBINCLUDE: C:\Cadence\SPB_16.2\tools\pspice\library\BIPOLAR.LIB
Rload100Rload100
Q3
KSP44
Q3
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q2
KSP44
Q4Q2N3904
Q4Q2N3904
V1499.3V
V1499.3V
R21.5MEGR21.5MEG
I110mA I110mA
Q1KSP44
Q1KSP44
R54kR54k
R31.5MEGR31.5MEG