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Situated Computing vs. Ubiquitous Computing:The Importance of Place
Joe McCarthy
Principal Instigator, Strands Labs Seattle
Co-Chair, UbiComp 2008 Program CommitteeChair, UbiComp Steering Committee
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Outline
• A Brief, Biased Review of Ubiquitous Computing
• Situated Computing
• Proactive Displays
• Future Prospects
• Question and Answers
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Strands: social recommendation & discovery
http://blog.strands.com
Strands develops technologies to better understand people's taste and help them discover things they like and didn't know about.
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Principal Instigator: Definition
\ˈprin(t)-s(ə-)pəladjective
most important, consequential, or influential
\ˈin(t)-stə-ˌgā-tər\ Noun
one who goads or urges forward : provocateur
Alternate: Director, Strands Lab Seattle
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Major Trends in Computing
The Three Waves of Computing, Mark Weiser, 1990
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, …
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, beyond the desktop, …
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, beyond the desktop, and into the office
(from kraka.com)
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, beyond the desktop, and into the kitchen
Beyond Microwave Oven (Westinghouse)
NCR Microwave Bank
Electrolux ScreenFridge
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Ubiquitous Computing and Toasters
Simon Hackett & John RomkeyInternet Toaster
InterOp 1990 & 1991
Robin SouthgateWeather ToasterBrunel Univ. (UK)
June 2001
Joe KlinglerToAsTOr
December 2002
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, beyond the desktop, and into fields & streets
Vineyard in Oregon
Great Duck Island, Maine
Phone booths in SeattleStore fronts in New York
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Major Trends in Computing Places
Out of the closet, beyond the desktop, and into … people?
MexicoAttorney General
SpainBeach Club
Cincinnati, OH
Tommy ThompsonGov WI, Sec HHS,
Applied Digital
John Halamka, M.D.,
CIO Harvard Medical School
?
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Ubiquitous Computing: anything, anywhere, anyone
Chris Oakley, The Catalogue
http://www.chrisoakley.com/the_catalogue.html http://www.spychips.com
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Everywhere vs. Certain Places ...
… Ubiquitous Computing vs. Situated Computing
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Ubiquitous vs. Situated Displays
ElevatorsTaxis(London)
Buses (Milwaukee, WI)
EscalatorsTimes Square(New York)
Shibuya District(Tokyo)
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Proactive Displays: Definition
\(ˌ)prō-ˈak-tiv\ adjective
acting in anticipation of future problems, needs, or changes
\di-ˈsplā\ noun
a setting or presentation of something in open view
Large visual or aural displays that can sense & respond in contextually appropriate ways
to the people and/or activities going on in a place
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Early examples of proactive displays
Dangling String (PARC)
Bus Mobile (UC Berkeley)
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Proactive displays in the large
Sunset @ 200MHz (PARC)
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Proactive displays on the road
Alaris E-boards(www.alaris.net)
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Proactive displays on the wall
Humanlocator.org
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Proactive Displays in a store
iCapture™ iGaze™
tru-media.com
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Proactive displays in a store, circa 2054
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+
OnlineProfiles
Physical Tokens
+
LargeDisplays
BetterReal-worldInteractions
Bridging the gaps between peopleby bridging the gaps between the online and offline worlds
=
Large visual or aural displays that can sense & respond to the people and/or activities going on in a place
Proactive Displays
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1st Generation Proactive Displays
MUSICFX
MusicFX: An Arbiter of Group Preferences for Computer-Supported Cooperative WorkoutsJoseph F. McCarthy and Theodore Anagnost1998 ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW ‘98)
A Multi-Agent System for Meting Out Influence in an Intelligent EnvironmentM. V. Nagendra Prasad and Joseph F. McCarthyEleventh Innovative Applications in Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI ‘99)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WLgXLl4uGYk
a group recommender system for selecting music in a fitness center
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2nd Generation Proactive Displays
Visual Awareness Location Tools (ACTIVEMAP & EVENTMANAGER)
ActiveMap: A Visualization Tool for Location Awareness to Support Informal InteractionsJoseph F. McCarthy and Eric S. MeidelFirst International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC '99)
EventManager: Support for the Peripheral Awareness of EventsJoseph F. McCarthy and Theodore D. Anagnost.Second International Symposium on Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing (HUC 2000)
promoting greater awareness of the location and activities of coworkers
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3rd Generation Proactive Displays
UNICAST, OUTCAST, GROUPCAST: Ubiquitous Peripheral Displays
UniCast, OutCast & GroupCast: Three Steps Toward Ubiquitous Peripheral DisplaysJoseph F. McCarthy, Tony J. Costa and Edy S. LiongosariThird International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp 2001)
Promoting Awareness of Work Activities through Peripheral DisplaysElaine M. Huang, Joe Tullio, Tony J. Costa and Joseph F. McCarthy2002 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computer Systems (CHI 2002)
promoting awareness and interactions in the office
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4th Generation Proactive Displays
Augmenting the Social Space of an Academic ConferenceJoseph F. McCarthy, David W. McDonald, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. RashidACM 2004 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2004)
Proactive Displays: Supporting Awareness in Fluid Social EnvironmentsDavid W. McDonald, Joseph F. McCarthy, Suzanne Soroczak, David H. Nguyen and Al M. RashidACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interactions (TOCHI), Vol. 14, No. 4, January 2008
promoting awareness and interactions at a conferenceAUTOSPEAKERID, TICKET2TALK, NEIGHBORHOOD WINDOW
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4th Generation Proactive Displays (v 2)
promoting awareness and interactions at a variety of eventsTICKET2TALK (@ Interrelativity)
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5th Generation Proactive Displays
The Context, Content & Community Collage: Sharing Personal Digital Media in the Physical WorkplaceJoseph F. McCarthy, Ben Congleton, F. Maxwell HarperTo appear: ACM 2008 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW 2008)
promoting awareness and interactions in the officeTHE CONTEXT, CONTENT & COMMUNITY COLLAGE
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A User-Generated Video on Proactive Displays
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5rU9cAiYsY
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Creating C3 Collage Accounts
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Interactions with displays
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Locations (mock-up)
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Positive / Negative Impact (Personal / Professional)
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The Latest Generation of Proactive Displays
• Shortcomings of previous efforts• Single sensors
(Infrared, RFID, Bluetooth)
• Special-purpose profiles
• Special-purpose installations
• Goals of present / future efforts• Multiple sensors
(Cards, WiFi, SMS)
• Multi-purpose profiles
• Multi-purpose installations
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CoffeeStrands™: A Proactive Displays in a Café
Proactive displays that enable café staff and customersto share digital representations of their interests and activities
in the shared physical context of the coffeehouse,using loyalty cards, Bluetooth phones, SMS messages and/or laptops
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Why Cafés? Connection, Community & Coffeehouses
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The dark side of cafés, technology and community
Cyber-nomads are “hollowing out” cafés that offer WiFi, rendering them“physcially inhabited but psychologically evacuated” leaving people“more isolated than they would be if the café were merely empty.”
-- James E. Katz, Professor of Communications, Rutgers University
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Our goals
• Take what coffeehouses already have
• Inviting spaces for people (including customers) to hang out
• Large displays, posters, cork bulletin boards
• Internet access
• Coffee, music, art, people, …
• Promotional signage & brochures
• Products / services to sell
• Add what many people really want
• Connect more effectively with others, creating a stronger sense of community
• Facilitate awareness, interactions and relationships
• Bring the richness of online social networking into a physical place
A Place-Based Social Networking Service
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How?
• Sensing
• Cards
• Phones (BT, SMS)
• WiFi laptops
• Other …
• Responding: user-generated content
• Tap into existing social media streams (Flickr, Twitter, …)
• Open physical, real-time channel (partyStrands, Wiffiti, …
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Which Café?: Trabant Coffee & Chai Lounge
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Location matters
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CoffeeStrands: System Architecture
• Display (Community Collage, or CoCo™)• 3D dynamic collage of content
• Presence Detector(s)• Loyalty card reader, Bluetooth, SMS, WiFi
• Web interface• User profile maintenance & viewing
• Voting, commenting, flagging, messaging
• Admin: café content, moderation
• Database• User profiles (contact info, media)
• History of content shown on display
• Metadata (votes, etc.)
• Web server• Connects / controls all of the above
• Content selection algorithm
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CoffeeStrands: Welcome
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CoffeeStrands: Stream (history)
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CoffeeStrands: People
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CoffeeStrands: My Profile
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CoffeeStrands: My Profile (edit)
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CoffeeStrands: My Stuff
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CoCo in situ
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CoffeeStrands: CoCo™ (Community Collage) display
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CoffeeStrands, CoCo display: 3D semi-random pan
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CoffeeStrands, CoCo display: greeting
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CoffeeStrands, CoCo display: direct message
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CoCo: Current Stats
Feature Count (10-Sep-2008)
Users 86
Items 1175
Comments 581
Votes 237
Check-ins 222
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CoCo: Future Work
• Presence Detection: SMS check-in
• Other devices: Chumby, iPhone, CoffeeCam
• Multiple locations
• Incentives / Promotions
• Funtivities
• New visualization(s)
• Media linking
• Augmented profiles
• Favoriting / following
• Facebook integration
• Integration with Strands.com
• Ongoing challenge: how much of online social networking services to re-create
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Conclusion
• Ubiquitous Computing holds great promise
• Situated Computing – ubiquitous computing in specific places - can increase benefits while decreasing risks
• Proactive Displays – a class of situated computing applications – can sense & respond to people in contextually appropriate ways, providing place-based social networking services in a variety of places:
• Workplaces
• Conferences
• Cafés
• The greatest promise for the future of ubiquitous computing is to open up new portals between the online and offline worlds, in ways that provide benefits for all stakeholders.
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Acknowledgements / Contact info
• For more information:
• http://labs.strands.com/seattle
• http://gumption.typepad.com/blog/strands
• http://interrelativity.com/joe
Yogi Patel
InnovationEngineer
Sameer Ahuja
Former Intern(Virginia Tech)
Shelly Farnham
Researcher
Richie Hazlewood
Intern (Indiana Univ.)
Josh Lind
Designer/Developer
Dan Norman
Designer
Thanks! Questions?