Download - Skeletal system
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SKELETAL SYSTEMPrepared by:
MARICARR D. ALEGRE
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FUNCTIONS
• It gives support to the body• Protects the internal organs• Make the body movement possible
through the help of the muscles• It store and releases important mineral • It produces millions of red blood cells
every second of your life
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• The human body has 206 bones, which may be grouped as follows:
I. Axial Skeleton
1. Skull2. Backbone3. Rib Cage
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II. Appendicular Skeleton1. Bones of the forelimb2. Shoulder girdle3. Bones of the hind limbs4. Pelvic girdle
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OSTEOLOGY
• The study of the bones which make up the skeletal system
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BONES• The most complex and most versatile of all the
tissues• They have blood vessels, lymphatic vessels
and nerve tissues• They are also composed of 2/3 inorganic
mineral- calcium phosphate and 1/3 organic animal matter- a gelatinlike, elastic substance called collagen
• They are also hard yet flexible
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COLLAGEN
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PERIOSTEUM
• A tough membrane that surrounds and protects the bones
• It also holds the muscles in place and produces the bone forming cells
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COMPACT BONE
• A hard, dense material beneath the periosteum
• It gives the bone the much needed strength to carry heavy objects
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OSTEOCYTES
• Another term for bone cells• It make up the
compact bone
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HAVERSIAN CANALS
• Concentric rings in which the osteocytes are arranged
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SPONGY BONE
• Located at the end of the bone knob
• It makes the bone knob light
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BONE MARROW
• Soft inner part of the bone
• Rich in nerves and blood vessels
• 2 types– Red marrow– Yellow marrow
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CARTILAGE
• A softer version of the hard bone
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JOINTS
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BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
• One in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression in another bone
• It allows the bone to rotate our arm 360 degrees
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HINGE JOINT
• Allows movement in only plane- forward and backward
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PIVOT JOINT
• It allows to rotate 180 degrees
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SUTURE JOINT
• Immovable
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GLIDING JOINT
• The surfaces of adjoining joint are flat