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MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Sophia Gross
Sketching with Objects – A Toolkit to Extend the User Centered Design Process
Student: Sophia GrossSupervisor: Alexander WiethoffResponsible lecturer: Prof. Dr. Andreas Butz
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 2
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Overview
• Motivation
• Evaluation
• Project overview
• User studies
• Conclusion and Outlook
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 3
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Motivation
• User Centered Design: different tools can help in all stages
Fig. 1 Appropriate tools for each phase of the User-Centered Design Process with the right fidelity [1]
How can intra-team communication be made easier?
How can development of prototypes be made quicker and simpler?
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 4
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Evaluation
Use of toolkit can only be measured in „soft“ data
Svanaes bases evaluation model on theories in social studies, Trochim lists alternative criteria for qualitative research ([3],[4])
Validity criteria:
• Confirmability: How objective are results?
• Dependability: Be aware of changing context
• Credibility: How believable are results?
• Transferability: Can results be transferred?
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 5
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
EvaluationData triangulation: data viewed from three perspectives:
Informal Observations
DirectInformation
IndirectInformation
Fig. 2 Data triangulation
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 6
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Project overview
Basic Toolkit Version
Toolkit 1.1
Toolkit 1.2
Toolkit (Final Version)
Ownideas/
mind mapPre-Study
Brainstorming
Studies at the museumPrototypes
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 7
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 8
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Brainstorming session
Pre-Study
First alterations to the toolkit
Study
• Briefing
• Scenario
• Brainstorming
• Prototype development
• Questionnaire
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 9
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Brainstorming Findings
• saves time
• serves as reminder ofelements/functions
• applicable for manyscenarios and situations
• enhance creativity
• restriction in creativitybecause design is preset
0
1
2
3
4
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
How useful would you rate the toolkit in general?
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 10
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Brainstorming - Findings
0
1
2
3
4
Num
ber o
f peo
ple
How do you rate the categorization in regard of clearness?
How do you rate the categorization in regard of conclusiveness?
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 11
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Brainstorming - Results
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 12
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Studies at the museum
at the “Pinakothek der Moderne”
Two studies with participants from brainstorming
First study without prototypes or props, second study with prototypes
DesignBriefing
Interviews
Questionnaire
Assumption: Ideas can be communicated faster and easier with tools
get qualitative feedback
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 13
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
First study at the museum
• Two teams
• Questionnaire:
General Questions (visiting the museum)
Functions and Appearance of a new guide
Demographics
Thursday afternoon, 2 p.m.-4 p.m.
10 interviews (about eight minutes on average)
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 14
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 15
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 16
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
First study – problems
• People thought of audio guide
• Description of certain functions was difficult
• Unintended use of help
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 17
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Second study
• Same two teams
• Same questionnaire
• Using prototypes and props from the toolkit
• A week after first study7 interviews ( 9 minutes on average)
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 18
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 19
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 20
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Studies at the museum – Impressions
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 21
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Studies at the museum – Findings
Assumptions based on questionnaire after first study
• use of prototypes would arouse interest
• simplify communication of ideas
Questionnaire findings – second study
• Participants found that answers came quicker
• Visitors could imagine better what interviewers meant by their ideas
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 22
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Conclusion
• Keep certain level of abstraction
• More constraints for brainstorming no digression
• Distinction between elements merely regarding appearance and other functional features
• Toolkit useful Further evaluation necessary
Outlook• surveys with most essential parts from toolkit (size etc.)
• studies with unexperienced end users
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 23
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Thank you for your attention.
Any Questions?
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Sketching with Objects | Sophia Gross 24
MEDIA INFORMATICSDEPARTMENT FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE
Literature
[1] Workshop Artifacts in Design: Representation, Ideation, and Process. Wiethoff, Alexander, Conradi, Bettina and Butz, Andreas. 2010
[2] Prototyping for tiny fingers. Rettig, Marc. 4, s.l. : ACM, 1994, Commun. ACM, Vol. 37, pp. 21-27
[3] Trochim, William M. The Research Methods Knowledge Base, 2nd Edition, http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/ (06.07.2010)
[4] Putting the users center stage: role playing and low-fi prototyping enable end users to design mobile systems. Svanaes, Dag and Seland, Gry. s.l. : ACM, 2004, pp. 479-486.
[5] Christian Rohrer, When to Use Which User Experience Research Method, http://www.useit.com/alertbox/user-research-methods.html (06.07.2010)