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Terrence Willett, Doreen O’Donovan, Leila Jamoosian, Megan Leonard, & Val Otazu
Monterey, CAIR 2019
Slicing The Wage Pie:Addressing IncomeInequality of Graduates
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Vision for Success Goals for Example College
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High Profile Income Equity Issues
2010-11
2016-19
US Women soccer players earned less but contributed a higher % of world cup revenue
US Women soccer players generated more revenue than men
US female figure skating generates more revenue than male figure skating but pay is equal
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Types of Pay Differentials
Pay Inequity Pay Segregation
Full-Time v. Part-Time
2 people of different demographics with same job title and experience, paid differently
Inequity due to different proportions of workers by demographics in particular industries
Working 75% time often has <75% compensation impacting those needings flexible schedules
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Assessing Income Equity
Access to wage dataCTEOS, EDD/LMI, EMSI, Launchboard, & others
Accurate classification of job titles
Comparing pay across different job titles and adjusting for inflation
Total compensation v. hourly wageHealth care including maternity leaveAccess to overtime or other bonus wage opportunitySchedule flexibility
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Smallest gender wage
gaps appear in the
lowest paid
occupations and
biggest wage gaps
appear in the highest
paid occupations.
Gender wage gaps
occur between
occupations and
within occupations.
Institute for Women’s Policy Research, The Gender Wage Gap by Occupation in 2017 and by Race and
Ethnicity:
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Netflix: Explainedhttps://www.vox.com/2018/9/7/17828964/gender-wage-gap-explained-netflix
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2018 Research from Denmarkhttps://www.henrikkleven.com/uploads/3/7/3/1/37310663/kleven-landais-sogaard_nber-w24219_jan2018.pdfhttps://www.vox.com/2018/2/19/17018380/gender-wage-gap-childcare-penalty
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33%Attributed to occupation
Education narrows gap by 6%
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https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/130341/1/dp9656.pdf
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Sources of Employment Data
• CA Employment Development Department (EDD)- Not self reported- W-2 wages in CA only, no independent contractor, out-of-state, or federal wages- Difficult (but not impossible) for individual college to get
• Annual Survey of CTE concentrators administered by Santa Rosa Junior College (SJRC) - Self-report- All types of wages in any location- Only for CTE students at Community Colleges
• Other
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Examining Equity with CTE Outcomes Survey Data
https://cteos.santarosa.edu/
• Local Analysis
• SJRC CTEOS Tableau Reports
• CTE Data Launchboard
• Local Dashboards
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Bay Area CTEOS Post College Wages 2015-2018 (preliminary)
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Sidebar: Adjusting for Inflation
Wagecurrent = Wageyear x * (CPI-Ucurrent / CPI-Uyear x)
Consumer Price Index (CPI)
National and regional valuesSeasonally adjusted and unadjustedUrban wage earners (CPI-U) or all wage earners
https://www.bls.gov/cpi/
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Interesting CTEOS Response Examples
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table titlesTW std10 if std10 != " " & titlesTW=="Accountant",
contents(mean current_wagesCPI2019
count current_wagesCPI2019 )
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table titlesTW std10 if std10 != " " &
std10 != "N" &
std10 != "P" &
titlesTW=="Registered Nurse",
contents(mean current_wagesCPI2019
count current_wagesCPI2019 )
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Bay Area CTEOS 2015-2018 Average Wages by Gender by Sector (preliminary)
$0 $20 $40 $60
Small Business
Retail/Hospitality/Tourism
Public Service
Other
Life Sciences / Biotechnology
Information & Communication…
Health
Global Trade & Logistics
Energy, Construction & Utilities
Education
Business
Agriculture, Water & Environmental…
Advanced Transportation & Renewable…
Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced…
Male
Female
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Bay Area CTEOS 2015-2018 Number of Students with Wages by Gender by Sector (preliminary) Female Male
Advanced Manufacturing and Advanced Technology 39 351
Advanced Transportation & Renewable Energy 19 318
Agriculture, Water & Environmental Technologies 75 104
Business 1,427 1,306
Education 95 29
Energy, Construction & Utilities 95 285
Global Trade & Logistics 2 12
Health 1,773 573
Information & Communication Technologies (ICT) / Digital Media 504 871
Life Sciences / Biotechnology 55 64
Other 170 52
Public Service 494 782
Retail/Hospitality/Tourism 351 189
Small Business 1,157 135
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Female
Nursing Student Wage Gain
Male
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Bay Area Launchboard Median Annual Earnings 1-year after Exit 2012-2016
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By M Tracy Hunter - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33962866
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Regulations
Federal Equal Pay Act
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act
CA Equal Pay Act
Local Policies &UnionContracts
Prohibits sex-based discrimination including bonuses, company cars, exp accounts, insurance, etc.
Changes timeline for complaints:Each paycheck is a new act of discrimination rather than the first paycheck thus extending timeline for a complaint.
Includes ethnicity and was expanded in 2015 to make changes in how pay comparison analyses are conducted.
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SCFFplications What is the relationship among:
Program of study
Participation rate of Pell, Promise, & 1st generation students
Likelihood of completion
Overall wage gains
Wage equity
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Advising new students into programs
Advisory committees with local employers on income equity
Hosting hiring equity workshops
Negotiation courses for students
What Can Colleges Influence?
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Your Turn
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Thank You!
Terrence Willett
Leila Jamoosian
Megan Leonard
Doreen O’Donovan
Val Otazu