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Slide 1
transcriptionDNA RNA
translationprotein
In-text figurePage 227
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Slide 2
URACIL (U)base with a single-ring structure
phosphate group
sugar (ribose)
Figure 14.2Page 228
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Slide 3
DNA
DNA DNA
RNAG C A T
C G T A
G C A U
C G T A
base-pairing in DNA replication base-pairing in transcription
Figure 14.3Page 228
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Slide 4
sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand of nucleoides in a DNA double helix
sugar-phosphate backbone of the other strand of nucleoides
part of the sequence of base-pairs (blue)
Figure 14.4aPage 228
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Slide 5
RNA polymerase
DNA
Figure 14.4bPage 229
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Slide 6
transcribed DNA winds up again DNA to be transcribed unwinds
newly forming RNA transcript
DNA template at the assembly site
Figure 14.4cPage 229
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Slide 7
3’5’
growing RNA transcript
5’
3’ 5’
3’
direction of transcription
Figure 14.4d,ePage 229
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Slide 8
mature mRNA transcript
5’ 3’
3’
poly-A tail5’
snipped out snipped out
cap
transcription into pre-mRNA
unit of transcription in a DNA strand
exon intron exon exonintron3’ 5’
Stepped ArtFigure 14.5Page 229
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Slide 9
arginine glycine tyrosine tyrosinetryptophan
base sequence of gene region
mRNA
amino acids
Figure 14.6Page 230
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Slide 10
Figure 14.7Page 230
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Slide 11
codon in mRNA
anticodon
amino acid OH
amino-acidattachment site
Figure 14.8Page 231
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Slide 12
small ribosome subunit large ribosome subunit
tunnel
intact ribosome+
Figure 14.9b,cPage 231
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Slide 13
mRNA transcript
intact ribosome
Initiation
initiator tRNAsmall ribosomal subunit
Fig. 14.10a-cPage 232
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Slide 14
binding site for mRNA
P (first binding site for tRNA)
A (second binding site for tRNA)
platform on small ribosomal subunit
Figure 14.10dPage 232
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Slide 15
Elongation
Fig. 14.10e-gPage 233
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Slide 16
Elongation
Fig. 14.10h,iPage 233
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Slide 17
Termination
mRNA
new polypeptide chain
mRNA
Fig. 14.10j-kPage 233
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Slide 18
original base triplet in a DNA strand
During replication, proofreading enzymes make a substitution:
a base substitution within the triplet (red)
original, unmutated sequence
a gene mutation
possible outcomes:
or
Figure 14.11Page 234
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Slide 19
mRNA parental DNA amino acids
altered mRNADNA withbase insertionaltered amino-acid sequence
arginine glycine tyrosine tryptophan asparagine
arginine glycine leucine glutamateleucine
Figure 14.12Page 234
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Slide 20
mRNA rRNA tRNA
Translation
amino acids, tRNAs, ribosomal subunits
mRNA transcripts
protein subunits
ribosomal subunits
tRNA
Transcription
Protein Figure 14.14Page 236