Download - Slimming Agent
OBESITASOleh:
Nama : Abulkhair AbdullahNIM : K11015R101
Big problem
Based onWHO
Major publichealth
concern
In 1997 Epidemic hazard worldwide Analysis of (BMI)
Metabolic disorders and and cardiovascular
diseases
Obese person incurs health care expenditures
at least 25% higher than a healthy person
In 2000
17.5 % overweight(36.7 million)
4.7 % obese(9.8 million)
210 million people in Indonesia
Obesity
The word obesity comes from the Latin obesitas, which means stout, fat, or plump.
Medically, obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extend that it may have an adverse effect on
health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.
How to assess obesity?
Causes1. Sedentary lifestyle Many people being an inactive lifestyle. Ex: Spend hours on TV/computer.2. Genetics Chances of being overweight are greater if one or both of our parents are overweight or obese3. Age As we get older, we tend to lose muscle, especially if we're less active. If we don't reduce our calorie intake as we get older, we may gain weight.4. Psychiatric illness The risk of overweight and obesity is higher in patients with psychiatric disorders than in persons without psychiatric disorders.5. Medicine Certain medicines may cause we to gain weight. Ex: some corticosteroids, antidepressants, and seizure medicines.
6. Emotional factors Some people eat more than usual when they're bored, angry, or stressed.7. Smoking Some people gain weight when they stop smoking because food often tastes and smells better after quitting smoking. However, quitting is more important than possible weight gain.8. Pregnancy During pregnancy, women gain weight to support their babies’ growth and development.9. Lack of sleep (leptin and ghrelin) Research shows that lack of sleep increases the risk of obesity. When we don't get enough sleep, our level of ghrelin goes up and our level of leptin goes down.
Therapy
1. Pharmacology therapy a. Chemical agents b. Natural agents2. Non pharmacology therapy
Anty obesitySibutraminePramlintide
Metformin
Orlistat
Rimonabant
Pharmacology Therapya. Chemical agents
ORLISTAT
In the March 15, 2004 issue of Cancer Research, Steven J. Kridel et al. state that orlistat may also inhibit growth of prostate cancer,
and in theory may be useful in treating other cancers, by interfering with the metabolism of fats.
Orlistas is a pancreatic lipase
inhibitor
Inhibiting the absorption of dietary fats
Unavailable to hydrolyze dietary
fat
Resulting caloric deficit
Pancreatic lipase an enzyme that breaks down fat in the intestine
SIBUTRAMINEreuptake
Sibutramine is a poten inhibitor
Serotonin
Norepinephrine
Promotes a sense of satiety
Decrease in appetite
Reducing food intake
Data from animal studies also suggest that sibutramine may also increase energy expenditure through thermogenic effects in both
the basal and fed states, but this has not been confirmed in humans.
RIMONABANT
In the RIO-North America trial, 3040 patients were randomized to receive either placebo or one of two doses of rimonabant (5 mg or 20 mg per day). Patients taking 20 mg rimonabant had significant
weigh loss, decrease in waist circumference, improved insulin sensitivity, and increases in HDL cholesterol, compared to patients
on placebo.
Rimonabant is a specific CB1 cannabinoid receptor
antagonist
Inhibiting the endocannabinoid system
Over activity of the endocannabinoid system obesitycauses
METFORMINMetformin is an oral antihyperglycemic
agent
Activation AMP-activated protein kinase
(AMPK)
Decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose
Decreasing hepatic glucose production
Improving insulin sensitivity
May also be used for the management of metabolic and reproductive abnormalities associated with polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS).
PRAMLINTIDE
Like insulin, amylin is deficient in individuals
with diabetes.
Prevention of post-prandial rise in glucagon levels
Modulation of the rate of gastric emptying
Increasing sensations of satiety
Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of
amylin
Has activity in a number of gastrointestinal and glucodynamic systems
Reducing caloric intake and potentiating weight
loss
For the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as an adjunct to preprandial insulin therapy in patients without
adequate glycemic control of insulin therapy.
Side Effect
1. Steatorrhea2. Stomach pain3. Flatulence4. Constipation5. Dizziness6. Dry mouth7. Weakness
8. Skin Problems9. Nausea10.Hypoglycemia11.Vomiting12.Headache13.Fatigue14.Etc
Pharmacology Therapyb. Natural agents
Panax japanicus
Coffea canephora
Vitis vinifera
Citrus aurantium
Camellia sinensis
Pinus koraiensis
Garcinia cambogia
Palm oil
Humulus lupulus
Zea mays
Soybean
Morus albam
Non Pharmacology Therapy
1. Dietary intervention2. Diet control3. Physical activity4. Surgery