SMART ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING QR CODE
WITH SMS NOTIFICATION
FATIN NADZIRAH BINTI ABDUL KHALID@MOHAMMED
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT)
WITH HONOURS
UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN
2020
i
DECLARATION
I, Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul Khalid@Mohammed (matric number: BTAL 17046392)
hereby declare that this report entitled Smart Attendance System using QR Code with SMS
Notifications is based on my original work except for quotations and citations, which have
been acknowledge. This work was done by me under the guidance of supervisor, Dr. Wan
Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar from Faculty of Informatics and Computing UniSZA.
_______________________________________
Name: Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul Khalid @ Mohammed)
Date:
ii
APPROVAL
This project report entitled Smart Attendance System using QR Code with SMS
Notifications by Fatin Nadzirah Binti Abdul Khalid @ Mohammed, matric number
BTAL17046392 has been satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and presentation a partial
fulfilment of the requirements for Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Development)
in Universiti Sutan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA).
______________________________________
Supervisor: Dr. Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar
Date:
iii
DEDICATION
Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah SWT for giving me the opportunity to complete my
thesis for my final year project entitles “Smart Attendance System using QR Code with
SMS Notifications”. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr.
Wan Aezwani Binti Wan Abu Bakar for guiding me to complete my thesis and for the
kindness and motivation to this project.
I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to all lecturer that directly or
indirectly involved with my thesis writing and guide me throughout my years in UniSZA.
Last but not least, special thanks goes to my parents, family and friends for their endless
support and encouragement throughout my studies.
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ABSTRACT
It is undeniable that expert system application is gaining popularity. Advancement in
computer technology has influence the development in many other fields including
environment security and making it easier for users to work with technology. Smart
Attendance System using QR Code with SMS Notification will be developed for helping
lecturers to manage student attendance. Nowadays, taking attendance manually by using
paper and pen was one approach used by the lecturers even they knew the process seems
slow and unproductive. Regarding this system, it will facilitate the lecturers to overcome
the issues instead of using the manual system. Besides, the system will notify the parents
weekly regarding the student attendance. It is to ensure the parents notice about student
attendance and avoid student from play truant to class. This system used Iterative model as
a guidelines for the development process. Besides, this system used PHP, MySQL and
Apache. MySQL is a center for storing the data involves while PHP language was selected
to be used for the system development. This attendance system aimed to facilitate the
lecturers whereby the student attendance record is automatically saved in database. The
lecturers, student and parent can view it anytime. Regarding the attendance record, the
lecturers need to login the system and choose the program either diploma or bachelor,
course code, class and semester and the students need to scan the QR Code that have been
set by the lecturers before the class session starts. This system will be an alternative solution
for lecturers to streamline the process of taking the student attendance in order to notify
the parents weekly via SMS notification and save the time.
v
ABSTRAK
Tidak dapat dinafikan lagi bahawa aplikasi sistem pakar semakin popular. Kemajuan dalam
teknologi komputer telah mempengaruhi perkembangan dalam banyak bidang termasuklah
keselamatan persekitaran dan memudahkan pengguna untuk bekerjasama dengan
teknologi. Sistem Kehadiran Pintar menggunakan Kod QR dengan Pemberitahuan SMS
akan dibangunkan untuk membantu pensyarah dalam menguruskan kehadiran pelajar. Pada
masa kini, kehadiran diambil secara manual dengan menggunakan kertas dan pen
merupakan satu pendekatan yang digunakan oleh pensyarah walaupun mereka tahu
prosesnya agak lambat dan tidak produktif. Berkaitan dengan sistem ini, ia akan
memudahkan pensyarah dalam mengatasi isu-isu dan bukannya menggunakan sistem
secara manual. Selain itu, sistem akan memberitahu ibu bapa pada setiap minggu tentang
kehadiran pelajar. Ini adalah bagi memastikan ibu bapa dapat melihat kehadiran pelajar dan
mengelakkan pelajar daripada ponteng kelas. Sistem ini menggunakan model Iteratif
sebagai panduan untuk proses pembangunan. Selain itu, sistem ini menggunakan PHP,
MySQL dan Apache. MySQL adalah pusat menyimpan data yang terlibat manakala bahasa
PHP dipilih bagi pembangunan sistem. Sistem kehadiran adalah bertujuan untuk
memudahkan pensyarah, di mana rekod kehadiran pelajar disimpan secara automatik
dalam pangkalan data. Pensyarah, pelajar dan ibu bapa boleh melihatnya pada bila-bila
masa. Berkaitan dengan rekod kehadiran, pensyarah perlu memasuki sistem dan memilih
vi
program sama ada diploma atau sarjana muda, kod kursus, kelas dan semester dan pelajar
perlu mengimbas Kod QR yang telah ditetapkan oleh pensyarah sebelum sesi kelas
bermula. Sistem ini adalah penyelesaian alternatif bagi pensyarah untuk menyelaraskan
proses mengambil kehadiran pelajar untuk memberitahu ibu bapa setiap minggu melalui
pemberitahuan SMS serta menjimatkan masa.
vii
TABLE OF CONTENT
DECLARATION I
APPROVAL II
DEDICATION III
ABSTRACT IV
ABSTRAK V
TABLE OF CONTENT VII
LIST OF FIGURES X
LIST OF TABLES XII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XIII
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Background 2
1.3 Problem Statement 3
1.4 Objective 3
1.5 Scope 4
1.6 Limitation of Work 5
1.7 Expected Result 5
1.8 Gantt Chart 6
viii
CHAPTER 2 7
LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Introduction 7
2.2 System Problem 8
2.3 Solution Approach 11
2.3.1 QR Code Technology 11
2.4 Summary of Chapter 13
CHAPTER 3 14
METHODOLOGY 14
3.1 Introduction 14
3.2 Project Methodology 15
3.1.1 Initial Planning 16
3.1.2 Planning Phase 16
3.1.3 Analysis Phase 17
3.1.4 Design Phase 17
3.1.5 Implementation Phase 18
3.1.6 Testing Phase 18
3.1.7 Deployment Phase 19
3.1.8 Evaluation Phase 19
3.3 System Requirement 20
3.3.1 Software Requirements 20
3.3.2 Hardware Requirements 21
3.4 System Design and Modelling 22
3.4.1 Framework 23
3.4.2 Context Diagram 25
3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram 26
3.4.4 Data Flow Diagram 27
3.5 Database Design 37
3.5.1 Database Attendances 37
3.5.2 Table Admin 38
3.5.3 Table Student 39
3.5.4 Table Lecturer 42
ix
3.5.5 Table Parent 44
3.5.6 Table attendance 46
3.5.7 Table Program 48
3.5.8 Table Course 49
3.5.9 Table Class 51
REFERENCES 52
x
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE
2.2 Existing Application
2.3.1 QR Code Unique Structure
3.2 Iterative Model
3.4.1 Framework
3.4.2 Context Diagram (CD)
3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
3.4.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
3.4.4.1 DFD Level 1 for Manage Student
3.4.4.2 DFD Level 1 for Manage Lecturer
3.4.4.3 DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent
3.4.4.4 DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin
3.4.4.5 DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance
3.4.4.6 DFD Level 2 for Manage Program
3.4.4.7 DFD Level 2 for Manage Course
3.4.4.8 DFD Level 2 for Manage Class
3.5.1 Database of Attendance
3.5.2 Table Admin
3.5.3 Table Student
3.5.4 Table Lecturer
3.5.5 Table Parent
3.5.6 Table Attendance
3.5.7 Table Program
xi
3.5.8 Table Course
3.5.9 Table Class
xii
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE
1.8 Gantt Chart
2.2 Literature Review
3.3.1 Software Requirements
3.3.2 Hardware Requirements
3.5.2 Admin Table
3.5.3 Student Table
3.5.4 Lecturer Table
3.5.5 Parent Table
3.5.6 Attendance Table
3.5.7 Program Table
3.5.8 Course Table
3.5.9 Class Table
xiii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CD Context Diagram
DFD Data Flow Diagram
ERD Entity Relationship Diagram
QR Quick Response
PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
MySQL My Structured Query Language
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
This section is the introduction of report for the developed system. It will equip the basic
overview of the whole system. This chapter present about the project background, problem
statement, objectives, scope and limitation of works. The general information regarding
the system will be stated in background section of the report. The objectives state the main
goal of the system meanwhile the scope reveals who the user of the system and what the
users can do. Lastly, the limitation of works state the limit of the system and what is not
covered in this system.
2
1.2 Project Background
Nowadays, technology is really influential and it is the core elements in almost educational
institutions. They started to initiate the organization with technology. Usually, the
institutions used manual process for recording the attendance by using paper and pen. It
was one approach that has been used in almost institutions even the process seems slow
and unproductive.
This thesis is about smart attendance system using QR code with sms notifications
which will streamline the process of taking the attendance. Despite the use of QR code in
educational institutions is not something new, but it is intended to reveal the use of
technology that can solve the daily problems.
This system will help facilitate attendance information of a particular student in a
particular class and it is under the supervision of lecturers to generate the QR Code and to
collect data of the attendance. Besides helping the educators, the system may also notify
the parents weekly regarding the student attendance and it is an alternative solutions to
avoid the students from play truant and trying to cheat on their attendance by asking friends
to put initial on the attendance sheet.
3
1.3 Problem Statement
Most of the attendance system is used manually which every student needs to sign the
attendance sheet paper and the lecturer needs to print new attendance sheet every week.
Some problems with this manual system are:
I. Record of student attendance are done manually by using attendance sheet during
class session.
II. The attendance sheet could be lost and it gives opportunity for students to cheat
their attendance.
III. Students play truant and parents did not notify their children’s attendance for
classes.
1.4 Objective
The main objectives for this project are:
I. To design an efficient computerized attendance system to be used for lecturers,
students and parents.
II. To implement the system to facilitate the lecturers managing student’s attendance.
III. To evaluate the effectiveness of the system in order to notify parents regarding the
students attendance.
4
1.5 Scope
The general scope for this project is to manage the process of taking attendance.
I. Admin
a. Has privileges to control and manage all lecturer, student and parent
management.
II. Lecturer
a. Lecturer may login the system which username and password provided by
admin.
b. Lecturer can edit, update and take attendance of the class.
c. Lecturer can view the attendance list of the students and generate the report.
III. Student
a. Student needs to login the system which username and password provided by
admin.
b. Student can update the profile or register their parent information.
IV. Parent
a. Parents can login to the system which username and password provided by
admin.
b. Parents may receive weekly attendance report via sms notifications and online
system.
5
1.6 Limitation of Work
There are no devices provided for this system and the possibility for difficulties will occur
for the system to notify the weekly report if the parent stays abroad and not set the number
for international caller.
1.7 Expected Result
• The system able to manage student attendance record efficiently.
• The system able to facilitate lecturers to collect data and information.
• The system notifies the attendance record for parents effectively.
6
1.8 Gantt Chart
Table 1.8: Gantt chart
7
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
In order to understand more about this system, readings involving related literature
was done. The source of references were important to classify the problems and to gain
possible solutions to the problems. The aims are to find, understand and master the related
approaches to the project and therefore article, journal and existing system are referenced.
The technology that will be used will be discussed briefly in this chapter.
8
2.2 System Problem
The system problem is revealing the comparison between the existing system or
applications with its strength and limitation.
Currently in University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) is using manual method in
managing the student attendance while in University of Mara Technology (UiTM) used
mobile application to record the attendance. The system is focus on recording attendance
for class, test and event. The users will be notified for any new activity that has been
updated and can be set for any five languages.
Figure 2.2: Existing Application
9
Table 2.2: Literature Review
CITE AUTHOR/YEAR OBJECTIVES/
METHOD
STRENGTH WEAKNESS/
LIMITATION
[1] Md Rizal Md
Henry, Mohd Noah
A.Rahman &
Afzaal.H.Seyal
(2017)
• The
proposed
attendance
system by
scanning the
QR Code on
the student
card using a
webcam and
attached to a
computer
system.
• The QR
Codes has
ability to
remain
function
when a part
of QR
Code is
broken.
• The loss of
student card
brings
difficulties
to take
attendance.
[2] Xiong Wei,
Anupam Manori,
N..,N.. & Vivek
Kumar
(2017)
• QR Code
system is
used to
computerize
the
traditional
way of
recording
attendance
and provide
efficient
method to
track
attendance.
• All process
of
managing
the student
attendance
record and
report are
performed
online and
can be
viewed via
mobile
phones.
• The teacher
needs to
scan the QR
Code of the
particular
student in
order to
confirm
their
attendance.
10
• An Android
app is
developed to
take
attendance
& generate
student
attendance.
[3] Nabeel Salih Ali,
Ali Al Farawn,
B.., Haider
Alsharqi
(2018)
• It focuses on
proposing a
RFID based
on
Attendance
Management
System &
information
service
system for
an academic
domain.
• Student no
need
connected
to the
internet as
RFID is a
wireless
technology.
• This system
cannot be
performed if
student lose
their student
card.
[4] Arpankumar
Patel, Ansel
Joseph,Shubham
Suravase &
Rohini Nair
(2019)
• The
proposed
system use
QR Code by
using
android
application.
• The lecturer
does not
have to
maintain
any record
as data get
stored in
database.
• The system
is solely
based on
strong
internet
connectivity.
11
2.3 Solution Approach
Solution approach part explained about the possible approach that will be applied in this
system. Thus, the technique that we will be used is QR Code.
2.3.1 QR Code Technology
QR Code, stands for Quick Response Code, is a two dimensional code used to record
thousands of characters and numbers in a small image created by Denso-Wave Corporation
of Japan in 1994. The QR Code is arranged in columns and rows of black and white colors
designed to be read by smartphone users. Users utilize the QR Code can simply use the
software decode built-in into the applications to convert scanned code images into the
coded information and save it into the database. [1] QR Code systems have been used
widely in many application areas, such as transport ticketing, entertainment, commercial
tracking or product labeling, etc. In this system, the users will scan the QR Code that
generates by the lecturer. The system records the attendance based on user information
extracted from the QR Code. The code that will be used here is to read the data and store
it into the database so that the system could retrieve it from the database.
12
Figure 2.3.1: QR Code Unique Structure
• Position patterns- It helps scanner find the edges of QR Code.
• Version information- It is directly connected with their dimensions and the amount
of data which should be encoded.
• Timing patterns- It enables the scanning software to understand the width of a
single module.
• Format Information- It helps the scanning device to define the data format, encoded
in the QR code.
• Alignment patterns- It allows the scanning device to define the possible perspective
distortion of the QR code image.
• Data and error correction keys- It has a capability to remain scan able even if it
damaged.
13
2.4 Summary of Chapter
This section summarizes related papers or techniques for the proposed system. The
knowledge, ideas and information from the review could help the development of the
proposed project.
14
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
Methodology is a specific procedure used to complete the project. The main function of
the methodology is to ensure the project can meet user requirements and the system could
be run smoothly. In this chapter, it also explains the justifications for the use of methods
or approaches during the design and implementation of this system and as well as hardware
and software requirements. This system development life cycle used Iterative model and
this chapter also discuss about the technique to express, visualize, analyze and transform.
15
3.2 Project Methodology
In this method, there are a few phases of software development. Each phase has its own
specific task and purpose. The explanation of each phase are described in the following
subsection.
Figure 3.2: Iterative Model
16
3.1.1 Initial Planning
In this phase, it begins with brainstorming session with the supervisor to come up with
the idea and the title for the proposed project. The proposed project were listed and
finally title have been decided which is Smart Attendance System using QR Code with
SMS Notifications. During this phase, the problem of the system was identified before
proceed to next phase.
3.1.2 Planning Phase
This phase is the first stage where the specific goals were identified. This planning
process includes the detailed overview of each goal, including the reason for its
selection and the outcomes of goal system. Then, the discussion continues with the
supervisor in order to reveal the problem statements, objectives and the scope based on
user requirements.
17
3.1.3 Analysis Phase
During analysis phase, all the requirements was analyzed and the problems fully
understood. The information from related journal, papers and existing system was
gathered to have a better understanding in developing the system. This phase does not
include any building or prototyping. All the questions were attempted to ask and
answered by the supervisor in order to have a secure product requirements.
3.1.4 Design Phase
In this phase, Context Diagram (CD), Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD), Data Flow
Diagram (DFD), interface and database was designed to know more details about the
system. ERD is a data modeling technique that graphically illustrates an information
system’s entities and the relationships between those entities. DFD is graphical
representation of the flow of data through an information system, modelling its process
aspects.
18
3.1.5 Implementation Phase
In this phase, it takes the prototype from the design phase and converts in working
model. The decisions from the previous phases will influence how the implementation
phase will be actually carried out. The system is a web based system and will be
developed using Programming Language Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) which is used
for coding the system meanwhile PHPmyadmin is used to code the database.
3.1.6 Testing Phase
In this phase, the system is tested and bugs is corrected to determine whether the system
meets the specified requirements and find any errors occur in the coding before the
system can be used by the users. Finally, the system needs to be repeated if there is any
bugs or errors occur.
19
3.1.7 Deployment Phase
The system is ready to be used by the user. Once the system is stable, it is reviewed
that the system meets all the goals in the project plan for their satisfaction.
3.1.8 Evaluation Phase
In evaluation phase, the effectiveness of program operations, implementation, and
service delivery were analyzed. It helps to determine the effectiveness of program
management and determine either the system meets all the requirements or not.
20
3.3 System Requirement
The types of system requirements that have to be fulfilled during the development
process are software and hardware requirements. The details are as follows:
3.3.1 Software Requirements
Table 3.3.1: Software Requirements
NO. SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
1 Microsoft Office 2013
Microsoft Word 2013
Microsoft Powerpoint 2013
Tools for creating and
editing the document,
slides and Gantt chart.
2 Web Browser
Google Chrome
Google Scholar
Used to gather
information related to the
project.
3 Local Web Server
Xampp(PHPMyAdmin)
Act as platform to create
database and also as a
server to the system.
4 Open source
Windows 8
Use to develop the project
5 Scripting using Notepad++ Used to write code script
for development system.
6 Drawing using draw.io Tools for creating CD,
DFD and ERD
21
3.3.2 Hardware Requirements
Table 3.3.2: Hardware Requirements
NO. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
1 Laptop OS: Windows10
Processor: Intel inside Core i5 up to
2.8GHz
RAM: 2GB
Function: To develop system
2 Printer CANON iP2700 series
3 Pendrive Color Turn (8GB)
Function: For transferring data
4 Projector Connector Function: Intended for outputting user
generated content such as presentations
and work documents.
22
3.4 System Design and Modelling
The design for Smart Attendance System using QR Code such as framework, context
diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagram (ERD) are
explained in the details to ensure the development process is easily done. Based on the
system, the framework shows the system flow, the Context Diagram (CD) and Data
Flow Diagram (DFD) shows the physical design of the system while the Entities
Relationship Diagram (ERD) act as the logical design of the system.
23
3.4.1 Framework
Figure 3.4.1: Framework of the system
Figure 3.4.1 shows the framework of the system that involves admin, student, lecturer
and parent. The student needs to scan the QR Code before the class session starts. They
may also login to the system by entering the username and password that have been
provided by the admin in order to view their previous attendance list. Then, the
24
lecturers need to login into the system by entering the username and password. They
able to choose program code, course code and the time to record the attendance for the
course. The result of the attendance will be automatically save in the database. Besides,
the admin has privileges to control all user. They can login into the system to edit,
delete and update information in the system.
25
3.4.2 Context Diagram
Figure 3.4.2: Context Diagram
The context diagram for the Smart Attendance System using QR Code with SMS
Notifications is shown in the figure above. There are three users for this system which
consists of admin, lecturer, students and parents. The users can login to the system by
entering the username and password. The lecturer need to program code, course code
and class code as the starter of attendance process. Admin can update any information
related to the lecturer and student details meanwhile the student can login to the system
only for viewing their attendance or update profile.
26
3.4.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
Figure 3.4.3: ERD of Smart Attendance System
Figure 3.4.3 shows the ERD of the system that illustrates system’s entities information
and entities relationship. ERD consists of 3 components such as identifying and
defining the entities, determine entities interaction and the cardinality of the
relationship.
27
3.4.4 Data Flow Diagram
Figure 3.4.4: Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
28
Figure 3.4.4 shows the Data Flow Diagram of the system. The DFD has four entities which
are ADMIN, LECTURER, STUDENT and PARENT. There are nine(9) main process
involved in this system which is Manage Student, Manage Lecturer, Manage Parent,
Manage Admin, Manage Attendance, Manage Program, Manage Course, Manage Class
and Generate Report. There are eight (8) data store in this system which are student,
lecturer, admin, parent, attendance, program, course and class.
29
Figure 3.4.4.1: DFD Level 1 for Manage Student
Figure 3.4.4.1 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Student. There are four small process
which includes Add student, Update student, Delete student and View student. All the
data involved in the process will be store in the data store Student Record.
30
Figure 3.4.4.2: DFD Level 1 for Manage Lecturer
Figure 3.4.4.2 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Lecturer. There are four small process
which includes Add lecturer, Update lecturer, Delete lecturer and View lecturer. Admin
can edit the details information about lecturers. . All the data involved in the process
will be store in the data store Lecturer Record.
31
Figure 3.4.4.3: DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent
Figure 3.4.4.3 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Parent. There are four small process
which includes Add parent, Update parent, Delete parent and View parent. Admin can
edit the details information about parents. All the data involved in the process will be
store in the data store Parent Record.
32
Figure 3.4.4.4: DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin
Figure 3.4.4.4 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Admin. There are also four small
process which includes Add admin, Update admin, Delete admin and View admin. All
the data involved in the process will be store in the data store Admin Record.
33
Figure 3.4.4.5: DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance
Figure 3.4.4.5 shows DFD Level 1 for Manage Attendance. There are also three main
process in this level which are Manage Program, Manage Course and Manage Class.
34
Figure 3.4.4.6: DFD Level 2 for Manage Program
Figure 3.4.4.6 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Program. There are also four small
process which includes Add program, Update program, Delete program and View
program. All the data involved in the process will be store in the data store Program
Record.
35
Figure 3.4.4.7: DFD Level 2 for Manage Course
Figure 3.4.4.7 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Course. There are also four small
process which includes Add course, Update course, Delete course and View course.
All the data involved in the process will be store in the data store Course Record.
36
Figure 3.4.4.8: DFD Level 2 for Manage Class
Figure 3.4.4.8 shows DFD Level 2 for Manage Class. There are also four small process
which includes Add class, Update class, Delete class and View class. All the data
involved in the process will be store in the data store Class Record.
37
3.5 Database Design
Database design is used to keep related data in database. There are eight tables together
that has been used in generating the system which include table admin, student,
lecturer, parent, program, course, classes and attendance.
3.5.1 Database Attendances
Figure 3.5.1: Database of attendances
38
3.5.2 Table Admin
Figure 3.5.2: table admin
Table 3.5.2: admin table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Admin_id ‘admin_id’
represents the
unique id that holds
by admin. It will be
used when new
admin registered
into the system.
Varchar (10) PRIMARY -
Admin_name ‘Admin_name’
represents full name
as in identity card, to
show the registered
admin that can
manage the system.
Varchar (30) - -
39
Username ‘Username’
represents the
nickname that use
for login process.
Varchar (20) - -
Password ‘Password’ is
representing the key
for an authorized
admin to login the
system.
Varchar(20) - -
3.5.3 Table Student
Figure 3.5.3: table student
40
Table 3.5.3: student table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Student_id ‘Student_id’ represents
the unique id that holds
by student. It will be used
when new student
registered into the system
Varchar (12) PRIMARY -
Student_gender ‘Student_gender’
represent the gender of
the student either male or
female.
Varchar(10) - -
Student_address ‘Student_address’
represents the address of
the student.
Varchar(100) - -
Student_phone ‘Student_phone’
represents the phone
number of the student.
Varchar(15) - -
Student_semester ‘Student_semester’
represents the current
semester of the student.
Varchar(10) - -
41
Username ‘Username’ represents
the nickname that use for
login process.
Varchar(20) - -
Password ‘Password’ is
representing the key for
an authorized student to
login the system.
Varchar(20) - -
Program_code ‘Program_code’
represents the student’s
program.
Varchar(10) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
program.
-
Admin_id ‘admin_id’ represents the
unique id that holds by
admin. It will be used
when new admin
registered into the
system.
Varchar(10) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
admin.
-
42
3.5.4 Table Lecturer
Figure 3.5.4: table lecturer
Table 3.5.4: lecturer table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Lecturer_id ‘lecturer_id’
represents the unique
id that holds by
lecturer. It will be
used when new
lecturer registered into
the system.
Varchar (10) PRIMARY -
43
Lecturer_name ‘lecturer_name’
represents full name
as in identity card, to
show the registered
lecturer that can
manage the system.
Varchar (40) - -
Lecturer_phone ‘lecturer_phone’
represents the phone
number of lecturer.
Varchar(15)
Username ‘Username’ represents
the nickname that use
for login process.
Varchar (20) - -
Password ‘Password’ is
representing the key
for an authorized
admin to login the
system.
Varchar(20) - -
Admin_id ‘admin_id’ represents
the unique id that
holds by admin. It will
be used when new
admin registered into
the system.
Vachar(10) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
admin.
-
44
3.5.5 Table Parent
Figure 3.5.5: table parent
Table 3.5.5: parent table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Parent_id ‘parent_id’ represents
the unique id that
holds by parent. It will
be used when new
parent registered into
the system.
Varchar (10) PRIMARY -
Parent_name ‘parent_name’
represents full name
as in identity card, to
show the registered
parent that can
manage the system.
Varchar (40) - -
45
Parent_address ‘parent_address’
represents the address
of the parent.
Varchar(100) - -
Parent_phone ‘parent_phone’
represents the phone
number of parent.
Varchar(15) - -
Username ‘Username’ represents
the nickname that use
for login process.
Varchar (20) - -
Password ‘Password’ is
representing the key
for an authorized
parent to login the
system.
Varchar(20) - -
46
3.5.6 Table attendance
Figure 3.5.6: table attendance
Table 3.5.6: attendance table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Student_id ‘Student_id’ represents
the unique id that holds
by student. It will be
used when new student
registered into the
system.
Varchar (10) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
student.
-
Class_code ‘Class_code’ represents
the unique code that
holds the class.
Varchar(15) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
class.
-
47
Course_code ‘Course_code’
represents the code for
the subject.
Varchar(30) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
course.
-
Lecturer_id ‘lecturer_id’ represents
the unique id that holds
by lecturer. It will be
used when new lecturer
registered into the
system.
Varchar(10) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
lecturer.
Course_session ‘Course_session’
represents the session for
the course.
Varchar (20) - -
student_semester ‘Student_semester’
represents the current
semester of the student.
Varchar(10) - -
Program_code ‘Program_code’
represents the student’s
program.
Varchar (12) FOREIGN
KEY- a
primary key
from table
program.
48
3.5.7 Table Program
Figure 3.5.7: table program
Table 3.5.7: program table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Program_code ‘Program_code’
represents the student’s
program.
Varchar (12) PRIMARY -
Program_name ‘Program_name
represents the full name
of the program.
Varchar(30) - -
Program_post ‘Program_post’
represents the program
either diploma or
bachelor program.
Varchar(10) - -
49
3.5.8 Table Course
Figure 3.5.8: table course
Table 3.5.8: course table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA
TYPE
KEY NULL
Course_code ‘Course_code’ represents
the the code for the
subject.
Varchar (12) PRIMARY -
Course_name ‘Course_name’
represents the name of
the subject.
Varchar(30) - -
Credit_hours ‘Credit_hours’ represents
the credit per subject.
double - -
50
Course_session ‘Course_session’
represents the session for
the course.
Varchar(20) - -
Program_code ‘Program_code’
represents the student’s
program.
Varchar(12) - -
51
3.5.9 Table Class
Figure 3.5.9: table class
Table 3.5.9: class table
ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE KEY NULL
Class_code ‘Class_code’ represents
the unique code that
holds the class.
Varchar (15) PRIMARY -
Days ‘Days’ represents the
days
Date - -
Start_time ‘Start_time’ represents
the time class started.
Datetime - -
End_time ‘End_time’ represents
the time class ends.
Datetime - -
Course_code ‘Course_code’
represents the the code
for the subject.
Varchar(12) - -
52
REFERENCES
[1] Hendry, M. R. M., Rahman, M. N. A., & Seyal, A. H. (2017). Smart attendance
system applying QR code. In 12th International Conference on Latest Trends in
Engineering and Technology (ICLTET'2017) May (pp. 22-24).
[2] Wei, X., Manori, A., Devnath, N., Pasi, N., & Kumar, V. (2017). QR Code
Based Smart Attendance System. International Journal of Smart Business and
Technology, 5(1), 1-10.
[3] Rjeib, H. D., Ali, N. S., Al Farawn, A., Al-Sadawi, B., & Alsharqi, H. (2018).
Attendance and information system using rfid and web-based application for
academic sector. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and
Applications, 9(1).
[4] Patel, A., Joseph, A., Survase, S., & Nair, R. (2019). Smart Student Attendance
System Using QR Code. Available at SSRN 3370769.