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Smart Materials for Architecture and Design Professions
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Distinguishing smart materials
Making (drawing) surfaces in architecture and design.
The use of materials can be driven in two ways:Materials become the surfaces or structural skin.Materials are thought as an interactive/responsive
element
Two approaches for classifying materials:
Sciences and engineering disciplinesDesign discipline
An array of physical behaviors:
Physical propertyProcessesUse and function
An artifact with character:
EmotionPerception aesthetics
engineering disciplines Design discipline
Smart materials
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Classification of smart materials and their input and output stimuli
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energy transfer = material property x change in state
Statetemperature, pressure, density, phase, motion, position…
Material propertymechanical, thermal, electrical, chemical, optical…
Energy transferwork (pressure difference), heat (temperature difference)
…
Interior stateTemperaturePressuredensity
Work
heat
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energy transfer = material property x change in state
Independent variable Dependent variable
1.change of state material property
2. energy transfer material property
3. energy transfer energy change
4. energy transfer multiple states
1 2 3 4
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Photochromics ( 光致色變 )– materials that change color when exposed to light
Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– – materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Mechanochromics ( 機械色變 )– – materials that change color due to imposed stresses and/or deformations.
Chemochromics ( 化學色變 )– – materials that change color when exposed to specific chemical environments.
Electrochromics (( 電致色變 )– materials that change color when a voltage is applied. Related technologies include liquid crystals and suspended particle devices that change color or transparencies when electrically activated.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Photochromic materials( 光致變色 ) – materials that change color due to light changes.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Design: Juergen Mayer H
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Design: Pu Tai
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Thermochromics( 熱致色變 )– materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Designed by Chris Glaister, Afshin Mehin, Tomas Rosen
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
Chronos Chromos Concrete
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Thermochromics – materials that change color due to temperature changes.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Mechanochromics materials– have altered optical properties when the material is subjected to stresses and deformations associated with external forces.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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Chemochromic materials are whose properties are sensitive to different chemical environments.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
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CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
Electrochromics ( 電致色變 ) materials can be defined as a reversible color change of a material caused by application of an electric current or potential.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
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CHROMICS OR ‘COLOR-CHANGING’ SMART MATERIALS
Electrochromics ( 電致色變 ) materials can be defined as a reversible color change of a material caused by application of an electric current or potential.
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS
Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 ) Magnetorheological fluids ( 磁力流變液 )
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
ER demo
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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS
Electrorheological (ER) fluids ( 電流變液 )
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
Using ER fluids to stiffen the blade of a helicopter and damp in vibration
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RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS
Magnetorheological (MRF) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
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Magnetorheological (MR) fluids ( 磁力流變液 )
RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY-CHANGING MATERIALS
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
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CONDUCTING POLYMERS -Electroactive polymers (EAP)
Type 1 smart materials – property-changing
movie
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Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging
Chemoluminescence
female firefly squid
LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS
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Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging
Electroluminescence
Electroluminescent wire
Voltagesource
Electroluminescent strips
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Type 2 smart materials – energy-exchanging
Electroluminescence
Designed by Kennedy & Violich Architecture
EL Plywood Desk
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a sonic shade of light, 2006
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Seeing smart materials/technology from design perspective
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The innovative use of heating elements and ink allows graphics, words and numbers to be displayed through concrete.
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Hanabi
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