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Richard Everett‘Intelligent’ Buildings Consultant
Education Sector
RE Youtube MB YoutubeFW LSC TfLGP site
Smarter, Greener Learning: A Strategic Approach for Post-
16 Education
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Ask not ‘what can you do for your technology?’ ask ‘what can your technology do for you?’
with apologies to John F Kennedy
Green and Intelligent Buildings: save costs and boost productivity,
sustainably!
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‘Intelligent’ Building Definition
“Intelligent buildings should be sustainable, healthy, technologically aware, meet the needs of occupants and business and should be flexible and adaptable to deal with change”
Clements-Croome (2007)
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Definition - 2
An intelligent building is a dynamic and responsive architecture that provides every occupant with productive, cost effective and environmentally approved conditions through a continuous interaction among its four basic elements: places (fabric; structure; facilities); processes (automation; control; systems;) people (services; users) and management (maintenance; performance) and the interrelation between them.
The CIB Working Group W098 (1995).
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Behaviours
• Tidy or untidy • Methodical or haphazard• Good memory or Forgetful
• Lighting, heating and systems – consume energy– control them
• Automation – switch it off!
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The ideal
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iB
intelligent Unified messaging
Cause and effect
Building MgmtSystems
Infrastructure
Trend analysis
AV
Digital signage
Thin client Blade PCs
Cashless catering
IP telephony
mLearning
Wireless
Smart cards
Learning technology
Library systems
Room management
Buildings
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The goal – 4 E’s
• Economy = minimising cost
• Efficiency = making best use of resources
• Effectiveness = degree of achievement of outcome
• Efficacy = degree of relevance of outcome
eee
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Pedagogy
• Worker Performance =
Motivation x Ability x Opportunity
• Tasks - Individuals– Want to do– Capable of doing– Can be done
• Building creates– Physical environment
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Pedagogy and Buildings
• “Space has the power to condition behaviour and form personality. ... The environment affects our emotions, feelings and reactions.“
Scuri (1995)• “the more integrated building allows
communications between staff to be considerably enhanced.”
Penn et al. (1977)
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CLCs – the new LRCs• communications• social interaction• flexibility• hierarchical and non-hierarchical
organisational structures• work productivity• effectiveness of ventilation and air quality• privacy• crowding• individual control• Storage
Ilozor (2000)
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Happy workers are effective
• “research suggests a correlation between worker productivity, wellbeing, environmental, social and organisational factors.”
Clements-Croome (2007)
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Return on Investment
25Salary exceeds
building energy and maintenance costs
and annual construction rental cost by a factor of
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90%Salary costs as a
percentage of total organisational
costs
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1 : 5 : 200
Ratio of costs
Construction :
Maintenance Operating:
Business operating
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Annualised UK building costs
• Capital investment – £200/m² per year
• energy and plant costs– £10/m² per year
• Staff costs– £15,000/m² per year
Hodgett (1993)• a 1% change in productivity...??
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Sydney Opera House
Cost $120m
Cost overrun 1700%
Replacement Cost $120m
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Energy usage
• Energy used to heat, light and ventilate buildings– 45%
• Energy used to construct buildings– 5%
Edwards (2002)
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Carbon Trust
• High potential – Building Controls
– Smart metering
– Building fabric• Heating, ventilation• Cooling, integrated design
• Lower potential – Biomass (for electricity generation),
– Nuclear Fusion,
– Solar photovoltaic
Carbon Trust (2001)
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Ill advised reduction?
“Often there is an attempt to reduce maintenance with consequential waste of energy and deteriorating environmental conditions. Evans et al (1998) point out that the building lifetime cost ratios vary but commonly are 1:5:200 to 1:10:200. In other words, the major costs of running an organisation are the salaries of the staff.
Clements Croome (2007)
1 : 5
: 20
01 : 10 : 200
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Energy efficient buildings
The following features are important:
High levels of thermal insulationNatural ventilation – connected spacesExclude excessive solar gainHigh efficiency lightingIndividual control measuresEfficient systems equipment and appliancesEmploy effective facilities management
Clements Croome (2007)
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iB
intelligent Unified messaging
Cause and effect
Building MgmtSystems
Infrastructure
Trend analysis
AV
Digital signage
Thin client Blade PCs
Cashless catering
IP telephony
mLearning
Wireless
Smart cards
Learning technology
Library systems
Room management
Buildings
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Post Script
“Of course, communication is vital. This means having mutual respect between fellow professionals and an open mind to include expertise from backgrounds different to those with which the building industry is familiar. For the long term, it is important that these issues are reflected in education and training courses.”
Clements-Croome (2007)
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Thank you
Richard Everett – Independent ConsultancyThe Old Coach House
9 High StreetOld Town
StevenageSG1 3BG
01438 215 44707766 611 826
www.intelligentbuilders.co.uk