Download - Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network
![Page 1: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SmellscapesinUrbanIntermodalTransit
Spaces:AcasestudyofSheffieldRailwayTransitNetwork
27Jan2016
![Page 2: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Smellscapeisthehumanperceivedsmellenvironmentofaplaceata4mepoint.DerivedfromHenshaw(2013)and
Porteous(1985)
![Page 3: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Urbanintermodaltransitspacesareboth‘nodes’and‘places’.(Bertolini,2006)
‘ThestaQoniswherecitydwellerscanbuy
groceries,useabank,getahaircutorchangemoney.Itisacivicgatheringspace,wheremusic
canbeheard,wheretransitinformaQonisdispensed,andwherethedramaofurbanlifecan
bewitnessedinfullflow.’(Edwards,2013,p173)
![Page 4: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Whatisthesmellscapequalityinurbanintermodaltransitspaces?
![Page 6: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SheffieldRailwayTransitNetwork
• SheffieldRailwayStaIon(IncludingthestaQonbuilding,taxirank,plaXorms,tramstopandSheafSquare)
• SheffieldBusInterchange• StaIonPathSheffieldRailwayStaIonhasbeenawarded‘thebestunbeatenlargestaIon’forfouryearsforitsenvironmentandservicesamongallstaIonsmanagedbyEastmidlandsTrains.
![Page 7: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
SmellwalkinSheffieldCase
• Groundedtheory• Smellwalka) OnsiteobservaIonsb) Semi-structured
interviewsc) PleasantnessScale-
raIngsurveysa) Subjects:19intotal
(female10andmale9),agebetween18and70
Figure1SmellwalkroutewithstopsinSheffieldRailwayTransitNetwork
![Page 9: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
1) Sheffield interchange stand
2) Station path including the greenery
3) Railway station concourse
4) Railway station platform
5) Railway station tram stop
6) Railway station taxi rank
7) Sheaf square including the water feature
Figure2IllustraQonsofstopsalongsmellwalkinSheffieldRailwayTransitNetwork
![Page 10: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Examplesofpeople’sdescrip1ons:‘someQmesithasaoldsmell.HowcanIexplainthis.Youknowmodernbuildings,italwaysassociateswiththecleansmell.Buthere,ithasabitdustysmell.Itnotthatdusty,but,fornow,itiskindofhumidanddustyfeeling.’(s09atstop1)‘Icansmellthegrassandflowers,itisali]lebitpowering.Itisabitlikeapark.Iliketosmellgrass,itsmellsnice.IthinkitisbecauseIliveclosetogreenfields.LikewhenIusedtowalktoschool,likemyprimaryschool,thereisareallybigfield,ithastwoparks.AndwhereIlivenow,itissuburbs,inthegreenbelt,therearemoreopenspacesandgrasslands,Ithinkitassociateswithhome,myassociaQon.’(s07atstop2)
![Page 11: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
‘itislikemixtureofsmells.Icansmellthefood,youhaveacoffeeshop,apastyshopthere.Idon’tknowhowtodescribethisgenericsmellofthiskindofspaces.whatIgetalotisthesmellofcoffee,pre]ydominant.’(s17atstop3)‘Iabsolutelyhatethesmelloftrains,gascomingfromtheengines…IwentpastStarbucks,Ismeltsomecoffeewhichisnice.Butthen,thesmellfromthetrainisabsolutelyoverwhelming…’(s11atstop4)‘Abitwaterysmellandlessfumes.Icansmellthechlorineinthewater.Itmakesmefeelcleanandremindsmeofthesmelloftheswimmingpool.Itisanicechemicalsmell…Itmakesmefeelhappy.Ilovewaterfeatures.Actually,Ilikethesoundofrunningwater.Itmakesmefeelfree.Well,thesmellofcourseplaysapartofit.Butthesounditselfisverysoothing.’(s08atstop7)
![Page 12: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stop1
Stop2Stop3Stop4Stop5Stop6Stop7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Detected
freq
uency(n)
Figure4Detectedsmellswithfrequenciesateachstopalongtheroute(smellcategoriesusedaredrawnfrom
Henshaw’s(2013)summaryofsmellsinEnglishciQes)
Stop1
Stop2
Stop3
Stop4
Stop5
Stop6
Stop7
![Page 13: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Smellscape
pleasan
tnessra4
ngs
Smellwalkstops
Figure3MeanvaluewithSTDofparQcipants’smellscapepleasantnessraQngsinSheffieldCase
![Page 14: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ElementsemergedinfluencingsmellscapesinSheffieldcase
Smellsandsources:• Sources,includingtype,locaIonand
temporalcondiIons.• Intensity,i.e.disInct,strong,slightly,etc.• Quality,includingfresh,clean,stuffy,
arIficial,etc.• PsychologicalreacIons,relaxing,calming,
soothing,etc.• Backgroundsmell,whetherthereisa
backgroundsmell• Smellmarks,whethertherearesmellmarksPlace:• FuncIonandlocaIon• Builtformandscale• VenIlaIonandopenness
• Boundariesandsurroundings• Seatsandsanitaryfacility• Landscapeelements• LighIng,acousIcsandthermalenvironmentEnvironment:• Timeandweather,includingtemperature,
wind,humidity,etc.• Peopleandtrafficflows
Perceivers:• SocialandculturalcharacterisIcs• PhysiologicalcondiIons,i.e.gender,age,
sensiIvitytosmells• Pastexperiencesandpreferences
![Page 15: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Figure5AperceptualprocessofsmellscapeemergedfromSheffieldcase
![Page 17: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Perceptualpaaerns
Forexample:• Recognising• PeopleweretryingtoidenIfytheir
surroundings,liketypesofbuildings,weather,smellsources,andperceivedsmells,whentheyevaluatesmellscapes,andwhethertheylikeitornot.
• ‘Ithasanoldsmell.HowcanIexplainthis.Youknowmodernbuildings,italwaysassociateswiththecleansmell.Buthere,ithasabitdustysmell.Itnotthatdusty,but,fornow,itiskindofhumidanddustyfeeling.Becauseitiswarmhere.’S09
RecognizingAssociaIng ConnecIng
AnIcipaIngOrienIngContextualisingPersonalisingSituaIonalisingComparingGeneralising
Socialandculturalcontext
Individualdifferences
Physicalenvironment
Smellsandsmellsources
Figure6Smellscapeperceptualpa]ernsemergedfromSheffieldcase
![Page 18: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Associa4ng• AssociaInghappens,whenpeopletry
toexplaintheirdescripIonsorevaluaIons.Thesimplestexamplefoundinstudiedcasescanbeperceiverassociatecigareaesmokewithhealthproblems,carfumeswithairpolluIonandtoiletsmellswithpoorsanitarycondiIons.
• ‘Thisisthebusinterchange,Iwouldnaturallyassociateitwithtrafficfumes,dustandcrowdsofpeoplewalkingaround,whichmakesfeelabitnegaQveabouttheairqualityandsmellscape.’S19
• Personalising• Personalisinghappenswhenpeople
refertopersonalcondiIons,likepastexperiencesandsmellpreferencestoevaluateperceivedsmellscapes.Whenpersonalising,peopleareoeenawareofreasonstheygivemaybelongtopersonaldifferences.
• ‘Icansmellthemeatinthepasty,itis
aquitestrongsmell,butitisnotquitepleasant.Iamnotreallyabigfunofpasty,maybeitismypreference.’S07
![Page 19: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Indicatorsforsmellscapepleasantness
Figure6IndicatorsofsmellscapepleasantnessderivedfromSheffieldcase
![Page 20: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cleannessandfreshness
• Cleannessassociateswithhygiene,healthconcerns.
• ‘Thecleanandneutralenvironmentthatsmellslikeahealthyenvironmentisthemostpleasantinsuchspaces.’(S01)
• ‘Ithink,someQmes,whenitisbeencleaned,andyouarethefirstpeopleenteredthestaQon,youcansmellthecleaningliquid,thatcleansmell.IthinkIlikesmellingthecleanness.’(S07)
• Freshnessassociateswithmoods,like‘soothing’,‘pleasing’and‘relaxing’.
![Page 21: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Likenessandfamiliarity
• Likenessassociateswithsmellpreference,nuisance.
• Familiarityassociateswithlivingenvironmentandhabits,feelingsofsafe,calmandknown.
• ‘Ilikeithere(therailwaystaQonconcourse).Itismorewelcomeandfamiliartome.IliketosmellfoodinstaQons,thoughitsomeQmesmakesmefeelhungry.Butitsmellssomehowabitlikehome.’(S04)
• ‘Iguessthisitmorefamiliarwithme.Ihaven’tbeentothebusstaQonbefore.ButIamveryfamiliarwiththetrainstaQon.Icamehereeveryweek.So,Ithinkthisisdefinitelymorepleasanttome.IthinkitisbecausethecombinaQonofsmelloffoodandfamiliaritymakesmethinkso.’(S01)
![Page 22: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Purityandintensity
• Purityandintensityindicatethevarietyandscaleofsmellsources.
• Mixedandintrusivesmellsinspaceswillreducepeople’shedonicdegreesofsmellscapes.
• ‘Ithinkwhencometospacelikethisyouwouldn’tliketosmelltoomuch.Therearesomesmellsinthebackgroundwhenyouwalkingthrough.Butyouwouldn’tlikesomethingoverwhelmingyouwhenyouwalkintothedoor.’(S13)
![Page 23: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Naturalnessandappropriateness
• NaturalnessitreferstowhetherperceivedsmellswerearIficialorthefactwhethersmellsperceivedmatchedvisualpercepIons.
• ‘Ithinkitisgoodaslongasyoudon’tnoQceitisbeenscentedandyoufeelitisnatural.Ifsomebodyjetthepopcornsmellintheair,andyoudon’tseepopcornsmadeinthespace,that’swired.But,ifyouhavepopcornmachineinthecornerwhichactuallymakesfreshpopcorn,that’sgood.Itwillremindyouofchildhoodandhappyplace.’(S16)
• Appropriatenessreferstowhethersmellsorsmellsourcesareappropriatetobeinthephysicalcontext.
• ‘Idon’texpectchlorine,itusuallyassociateswithswimmingpool,itisanindoorenvironment,obviously,outsideturnstobemorenaturalwatersmell.ItisnowIcansmellchlorine,Idon’texpectthat,I’dwishtosmellmorenaturalwater,maybenotseawater,butjustnotarQficialsmell.’(S07)
![Page 24: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Overall,designforapleasantsmellscapeinurbanintermodaltransitspacesneedto
considertheindicatorsemergedfromSheffieldcase.TheyprovideevaluaIoncriteriaandcaninformoveralldesignobjecIvesforsmellscape
designinsuchspaces.
![Page 25: Smellscapes in urban intermodal transit spaces: a case study of Sheffield Railway Transit Network](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032711/58cf964a1a28ab65538b5719/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Thankyou!Reference• Bertolini,Luca.(2006).Fosteringurbanityinamobilesociety:
linkingconceptsandpracIces.Journalofurbandesign,11(3),319-334.
• Edwards,Brian.(2013).ThemodernstaQon:newapproachestorailwayarchitecture:Taylor&Francis.
• Henshaw,Victoria.(2013).UrbanSmellscapes:understandinganddesigningcitysmellenvironments:Routlege
• Porteous,JDouglas.(1985).Smellscape.ProgressinPhysicalGeography,9(3),356-378.