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Socratic Questioning
Alice Fornari, EdD, RD Director of Faculty Development, NS-LIJ Health System Assistant Dean, Medical Education, Hofstra NS-LIJ SOM
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Socratic Questioning equals
disciplined, systematic and deep
??????????????
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Thoughts
Explore complex ideas To pursue truisms
Open up issues/concerns
Uncover assumptions and uncertainties
Analyze concepts Distinguish
what is known and not known
Pursue logical implications
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Socratic Questions leads to Socratic Dialogue
Goal: Probing Thinking of
students
Analyze a concept or line
of reasoning
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Reasoning through complex issues
Understand and assess thinking of others
Follow through on implications of what they and others think
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The Mechanics: Three Kinds Spontaneous or unplanned
Think aloud in front of the students
Exploratory: requires preplanning
What students know or think and probe thinking
Can be in group orally or in writing
Cannot predict discussion once thought is stimulated
Focused: requires preplanning
Probe an issue or concept in-depth
Have students sort, clarify, analyze and evaluate
Distinguish known form unknown
Synthesize relevant factors and knowledge
Follow-up questions: think about the likeliest student response
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General Guidelines for Socratic Questioning
Think along with the Class
There are Always a Variety of Ways You Can Respond
Do Not Hesitate to Pause and Reflect Quietly
Keep Control of the Discussion
Periodically Summarize
Where the Discussion Is: What Questions are Answered; What Questions are Yet Unresolved
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General Guidelines for Socratic Questioning
Think of Yourself as a Kind of an Intellectual Orchestra Leader
Keep Control of the Question Being Discussed
Help Students Transfer Learning from the Public Dialogue to Their Individual Behaviors
Decide When to Think and Wonder with Thoughts Aloud
Test questions
Connect academic material to student experiences
Persevere with questioning if there is silence and redirect to student thoughts and abilities
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Think, Pair and Share
Think: Devise a line of Socratic style questioning that would lead the student to your goal (LOs)
Pair: Turn to the person next to you and share your question; leave as is or modify based on discussion of the questions as emulating the Socratic style of questioning
Share: Questions developed with larger group
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Think, Pair and Share
Normal CXR
Normal myocardium
Acute MI: Day 1
Learning Objectives Related to:
• Myocardial infarction
• Cell injury
• Inflammation
• Timing of adaptive change
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Socratic Questioning in the Structure Laboratory
General Principles:
• Will pair at stations with core faculty member
• Anticipate that the students have prepared with required pre-readings (you should do them too)
• Goal is to use dialog and questioning to allow students to understand the material
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Socratic Questioning in the Structure Laboratory
General Principles:
• Acceptable to begin time at station (no more than a few minutes) with basic review of pre- reading or to ask, “Were there any points in the pre-work that were not clear?”
• Aim for higher order thinking; use your own experiences!
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Socratic Questioning in the Structure Laboratory
Gross Anatomy
Medical Imaging
Pathology (Gross/
Histologic)
Normal Histology
Embryology
Physical Diagnosis
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Assessment in the Structure Course
“These are ischemic events taking place in the brain and in the kidney. Briefly
describe what you are seeing in each.
On a tissue level, compare and contrast the 1 year outcome of the successfully
treated event in the kidney (Slide A) with that of an ischemic event in the brain
(Slide B).”
Normal
brain
Normal
kidney
Pathologic
brain
Pathologic
kidney
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Assessment in the Structure Course
A patient with a known history of atrial fibrillation
comes into the ER and is diagnosed as having
left atrial dilation as a result of underlying mitral
valve stenosis. He says that recently when he
swallows, it feels like the food is getting stuck
halfway down. Additionally, he has had a
hoarse voice despite not being sick.
Explain the anatomical basis behind both of
these symptoms.