Download - Solar energy and its applications
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Solar Energy Fundamentals and Applications
Series of lectures
By
Prof. M. A. Hassab
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Picture of sun by NASA
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Solar Thermal Application
a. Low-temperature applications (below100oC), such as solar drying, hot water supplies, swimming Pool heating, etc.
b. Medium-temperature applications (about 150oC),
such as refrigeration, industrial process heat, etc.
c. High-temperature applications (above 200 oC),such as electricity generation.
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Low Temperature Thermal Applications
• Solar hot water and Solar space heating and
cooling
• systems may be classified as:
• Passive system – operates without mechanical
devices
• Active system- uses pumps or fan
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Thermosyphone Principle-Solar Heater
I- Low Temperature Thermal Applications
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Residential Solar DHW with an demand backup
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Simple pool heat system design
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• • Construction
• – No glazing or insulation
• – Typically UV stabilized plastic/polymer construction
• • Characteristic
• – High wetted area to compensate for poor heat transfer of
• polymer material
• – Large Surface area to account for large load
• – Designed for high flow rate
• • Applications
• – Seasonal pool heating systems
• – Temperature ~ ambient +/- 10 degrees
Unglazed Collectors
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CPC Evacuated Tube Solar Thermal Collectors
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Solar powered single-effect air-conditioning system
II- Medium-temperature applications
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Largest Solar Thermal Electric Power Station, Mojave Desert, California
III- High-temperature Thermal applications
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Thermodynamic cycles can be divided into two general
categories: power cycles, and refrigeration cycles
The devices or systems used to produce a net power output are
often called engines, and the thermodynamic cycles they
operate on are called power cycles.
The devices or systems used to produce a refrigeration effect are
called refrigerators, air conditioners, or heat pumps, and the
cycles they operate on are called refrigeration cycles.
Thermodynamic cycles can be categorized yet another way:
closed and open cycles. In closed cycles, the working fluid is
returned to the initial state at the end of the cycle and is
recirculated. In open cycles, the working fluid is renewed at the
end of each cycle instead of being recirculated.
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The Solar Energy Conversion System
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The Flat Plate Collector
Low-temperature Thermal applications
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Actual Useful Heat Gain, Qu
Performance of Flat-Plate Collectors
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Collector Heat Removal Factor C
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Collector Heat Removal Factor
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performance test data for a wide range of solar collectors.
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(Tfi –Ta), oF