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Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective
TATA BP Solar case study
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The Facts It is estimated that nearly 5 Lakh homes
in Bangalore city alone consume 3 million units of power every day
between 6 AM & 9AM for water heating alone.
32.8 Million MW of solar energy strikes Indian landscape every second
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Solar Water Heaters
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Solar Water Heaters
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Solar Water Heaters
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Schematic – Two tank system
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The panel
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Performance of SWH Weather and Seasonal Changes in
the Sun Path Collector Orientation for optimal
performance – year round Maintenance (Scaling,
Transparency etc.)
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Solar- Path
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Sectors Industrial Hospitals Domestic Sector Hotels Hostels
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SWH Global Scenario China 4,000,000 India 2,000,000 Japan 1,000,000 Europe 890,000 South Korea 500,000 Turkey 430,000 Israel 400,000 USA 25,000
In square meters of collectors installed
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Indian Scenario
Potential Solar Water heaters
140
0.550
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Potential Installed Mil
lio
n s
qu
are
me
ters
of
co
lle
cto
r a
rea
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GHG emission reduction An effective DSM tool
1000 Domestic water heaters shaves about 1 MW of peak load
Most of peak power is fossil fuel based Replaces electrical counterpart (at least
partially)
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TATA BP Solar India Limited
A case study
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The Company Leading solar equipment
manufacturer in India Sales turnover 1900 Million during
2001
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Sales Record
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
Year
Nu
mb
er
of
un
its
100 LPD 200 LPD 300 LPD
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Solar Geysers In different sizes 100 – 10,000 LPD Applications
Bathing Medicinal bathing Boiler feed Process heating Pool heating , washing , cooking
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CDM- Assumptions Solar geysers will replace electrical
counterparts Current market growth will sustain for 3
years and later at 10% annum Major policy changes NOT expected
(espl. In –ve direction) Reduced selling price on geyser will
enhance the market adoption rate KP Ratification & Enforcement
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Additionality Investment Barrier YES Technology Barrier not
obvious Prevailing practice YES Market adoption rate YES
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Baseline methodology I.C 12b SSC-PDD Different Baseline & M&V for domestic
and Commercial & Industrial systems Domestic Systems
To be bundled to reduce m&V costs Weighed average emission of the peak
load generation mix (meth to be recommended)
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Baseline methodology contd.. Industrial Systems
Displaces Diesel generated electricity than grid electricity – generation mix at the grid level is unfair
Commercial Systems Bundling is necessary Current generation mix of the grid
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Monitoring & Verification Recording annually No. of systems
Operating Estimating the annual hrs. of
operation
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Unresolved Uncertainties of base line
Change in usage pattern of hot water Climatic condition (monsoon, depression etc) Solar intensity on ground (reduced 10% in
last few decade) Asian brown haze ?
Maintenance = Performance Can be substantiated by buffer
calculations (meth recommendation ?) Annual targets are difficult to meet