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Solids
Metallic Crystals Alloys – mixtures of metals – done to
strengthen or make a metal less brittle or subject to oxidation.
2 types Substitutional – when metal atoms
are of similar size Interstitial – when one atom is
smaller than the other, fills in the spaces between the larger ones
Substitutional Interstitial
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Solids
Metallic crystals Substitutional alloy
Silver alloyed with gold, replace one set of attractive forces with an almost equal set of attractive forces with the added metal. Result: alloy has properties that
tend to fall somewhere between the two separate metals
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Solids
Metallic crystals Interstitial alloys
Incorporate one atom into the existing structure with little change in volume- results in increased density
Increases total attractive forces in the alloy
Usually stronger and harder than original materials
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Solids
Ionic Crystals Attraction of a cation and an anion is
the strongest attractive force known in chemistry. Alternating positive & negative
ions Almost all ionic compounds are
solids with rigid crystal structures (lattices)
Take a large amount of lattice energy to separate the ions!