Download - Solution for Bridges Design and Analysis
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Solution for Bridges Design and Analysis
The state-of-the-art technology for the civil
engineering world
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Main Features• Concrete Creep and Shrinkage• Bridge layout modeling (in plan and
elevation view)• Utilities for generating common bridge sections
and layout design• Geometric and finite element model generation
with both Beams (1D) and Solid elements (3D)• Loads Generation
• Overloads• Moving loads (vehicle’s editor)• Utility for Prestressing forces input• User loads
• Automatic Loads combination• Simulation of the construction process
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Concrete Creep and Shrinkage• Effects of Creep and Shrinkage relative to concrete maturity can be easily
considered• Allows to obtain the deformed
shape as well as the forces,
moments and stresses in the model
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Bridge Layout Modeling• This utility allows to generate the geometry and the finite element
model of the bridge from common engineering blueprints. It works as a “layout program”, allowing to define the layout design in both plan and elevation views
• The procedure used for the bridge layout definition is the following:• Definition of the mileage points (MP’s) that represent the
structure axis• Definition of plan and elevation layout
• All the input data to create the layout and their corresponding results can be later retrieved with a single command (~CFGET)
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Bridges Layout in Plan View• In plan view, the mileage points line is a succession of user-
defined stretches:• straight segments • circular arcs• clothoid arcs
Caso R = R : Defin ition of the section elem entsi f/
(x ,y )i i
(x ,y )f f
R
i
f
s = s + Long
R
ii
s x
y C lothoid axis
cl
cl
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Bridge Layout in Elevation View
• In elevation view, the mileage points line is a succession of user-defined stretches:• straight segments • parabolic arcs
Vertical fillet
s i
s f
i
f
f
L
T
z f
z i
s
Stra igh t sec tion
Stra igh t sec tion
P arab o lic fille t
s
si f
i i
z
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Bridge Cross Sections
Bridge Section Types
R ectangular section
Trapezoidal section
Trapezoidal section w ith flanges
Polygonal section w ith tw o bends
Polygonal Asym m etric w ith tw o bends Note : The upper line (deck) is a lwayshorizontal. The slope m ust be laterdefined w ith the section ’s bank.
B
D EPTH
RS
BTO P
BBO T
D EPTH
TTO P
TS
D EPTH
BTO P
BM
BBO T
TTO P
TBO TTF
TBO T BBO T
BM 2
BM 1
BTO P
D EPTH
TTO P
TMPS
BBO TR
BM 2R
BM 1R
BTO PRBTO PL
BM 1L
BM 2L
BBO TL
D EPTH L
TBO TL
TM L
TBO TR
TTO PR
TM R D EPTH R
axis
PATri-cell box section definition
a1
p11
b1
a2
t 22 t 21
t 11
p21p22
s31
1
1
p121
11
t 31
hL
vL
y
z
vC L
hC L
hC U
vC U
t 41
vU vU r
hU hU r
a /20
vC U r
hC U r
hC Lr
vC Lr
• This module includes a library of typical bridge cross sections, which are defined by the outline of the section:• Slab cross sections• Box cross sections
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Slab Concrete Sections• It’s possible to define holes• The sections can be symmetric or asymmetric• Sections and the hole diameters might vary along the bridge
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Box Sections with Variable Depth• Any generic box section can be easily defined• All the necessary input parameters can be introduced either by
menu or using the corresponding command (allows performing a parametric design of cross sections, creating macros, etc).
Tri-cell box section definition
a1
p11
b1
a2
t 22 t 21
t 11
p21p22
s31
1
1
p121
11
t 31
hL
vL
y
z
vC L
hC L
hC U
vC U
t 41
vU vU r
hU hU r
a /20
vC U r
hC U r
hC Lr
vC Lr
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Assigning Attributes
Trans = 0Trans=1
Section's transition definition
• For the automatic generation of the geometrical and FEM model, the defined cross sections are assigned to the mileage points (MP’s) forming the bridge layout
• The transition of sections between MP’s can be defined using straight segments and splines
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Assigning Attributes• The cross sections may have the following attributes:
• Offsets• Banks• Skew• Hollow or solid sections
z
y
Zoffs
Yoffs
MP,s line
Bank (Rotation's center P) P
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Model Generation• Once the layout and cross sections are defined the geometrical and FEM
model generation can be automatically performed by the program
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Model Generation• Once the layout and cross sections are defined the geometrical and FEM
model generation can be automatically performed by the program
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Model Generation
Beam element model (shape option)
Solid element model
• Just by specifying an element type, a Solid finite element model or a Beam finite element model can be generated
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Model Generation• From this version on, generation of Box Bridges using SHELL elements is
supported
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Model Generation• From this version on, generation of Box Bridges using SHELL elements is
supported
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Model Generation• Allows for a trial and error process using beam elements (less CPU
and engineer time).• Automatic discretization of the beam element cross- sections into
points and tessella (allows for analyzing the section’s internal behavior using beam elements)
• More accurate design can be performed using SOLID elements by only changing the element type and running the analysis again.
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Suspension Bridges WizardSuspension Bridge Generator windows can
generate 3D models for:• Concrete Suspension Bridges
(with a CivilFEM bridge section)
• Steel Suspension Bridges(with a CivilFEM 3D steel truss pattern)
• Generic Suspension Bridges(with a CivilFEM generic cross section)
• Mixed section, two types of section:- Concrete slab over I-section steel beams - Concrete slab over a steel box section
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• By using this Wizard it is possible to easily introduce the
number of segments and the corresponding data to generate the entire bridge model for both 3D beams and solid elements.
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Concrete
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Both concrete and steel truss suspension bridge models are
automatically generated for any generic configuration by just inputting a few parameters.
• Steel
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Suspension Bridges Wizard
• Steel
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Any generic cross section from library and/or any 2D defined
using CivilFEM with ANSYS meshed drawing (capture utility) can be used as a bridge cross section
• Optimization of the geometry
and initial tensions of cables
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Suspension Bridges Wizard
Bridge section is composed of a concrete slab over I-section steel beams:
• Mixed Section (type 1)
nB bB
hBeam
tFLtWeb
yz
bSlab/2
bSlab
tSla
bfSRfSL
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 1)
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 1)
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 1) Example
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Suspension Bridges Wizard
Bridge section is composed of a concrete slab over a steel box section:
• Mixed Section (type 2)
bSlabfSL fSR
hBox
tSlab
tboxL tboxRtboxB
alphaLalphaR
yzbSlab/2
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 1)
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 1)
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Mixed Section (type 2) Example
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Supported Bridges Wizard• Same parameters used in suspension bridges are also employed
here, but only the bridge deck is generated.
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Suspension Bridges Wizard• Supported Bridge Examples
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard
• Generation window
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard
• Model generation• Cable arrangements:
HARP TYPE FAN TYPE
z
x
XL1XL2XL...
XR1 XR2 XR...
ZB1
ZB2
ZT1
ZT2
ZT...
ZB...
ZT3
(XB, ZB)
(XT, ZT)
z
x
XL1XL2XL...
XR1 XR2 XR...
ZB1
ZB2
ZT1
ZT2
ZT...
ZB...
ZT3
(XB, ZB)
(XT, ZT)
z
x
XL1XL2XL...
XR1 XR2 XR...
ZB1
ZB2
ZT1
ZT2
ZT...
ZB...
ZT3
(XB, ZB)
(XT, ZT)
z
x
XL1XL2XL...
XR1 XR2 XR...
ZB1
ZB2
ZT1
ZT2
ZT...
ZB...
ZT3
(XB, ZB)
(XT, ZT)
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard• Model generation
• Towers: Unlimited in number, variable cross sections, vertical or inclined with multiple cable arrangements
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard
• Model Generation
• Different boundary conditions and connection between towers and deck
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MN
MX
XY
Z
Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard• Nonlinear Construction Process
Analysis:
XY
ZXY
ZX
Y
Z
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard• Nonlinear Construction Process Analysis:
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard• Nonlinear Construction Process
Analysis:• Cable force optimization: Deflection
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Cable Stayed Bridge Wizard• Nonlinear Construction Process
Analysis:• Cable force optimization: Bending
Moment
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Arch Bridge Wizard• Arch Bridge Generator (Beam
Model)
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Arch Bridge Wizard• Depending on the position of the bridge deck
compared to the arch, there are different cases:
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Arch Bridge Wizard
• Beam Model
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Arch Bridge Wizard
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Arch Bridge Wizard
• Shell Model
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Bridge Components• CivilFEM with ANSYS allows a detailed analysis
of piers, cross bracings, diaphragms, etc.
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Special Features• Any of the bridge parameters (layout, sections, dimensions, etc.)
can be easily parameterized by the user, allowing very fast sensitivity analysis, making use of some advanced features:• Log files
the program stores in a file all the orders executed by the program during a job. This file can be edited by the user at any time and the model can be executed again by just reading it
• Macros (APDL)
• Customization: users are able to create their own windows, commands, etc, customizing the program as much as possible to their own needs
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Loads Generation• CivilFEM automatically
generates the loads corresponding to the various load hypotheses over a 2D or 3D structure, such as:• Moving loads (traffic loads)• Surface loads (Overloads)• Prestressing tendons
• Any kind of “user defined” loads• “Smart” load combination of all
the load steps generated during the analysis
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Loads Generation (Traffic Loads)
Vehicle library: just choose the vehicle and the corresponding properties are automatically
defined
Property window
• With the vehicle editor it is possible to create, import from library, modify, copy, delete and list vehicles
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Loads Generation (Traffic Loads)
• Allows considering the braking or starting load (horizontal) for each vehicle wheel
• One or more vehicles can be used at the same time
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Loads Generation (Traffic Loads)
• Two different types of vehicles: Rigid (truck) or flexible (train, adaptable to the path)
• User friendly path definition: road surface and road axis are automatically detected by the program
Trajectory definition (R igid veh icle)
MP,s
line com ponents
Vehicle trajectory
Assembly the bridges nodes and elem ents, where the loads are applied
Dist
The tangency occurs in the point (xLoc, yLoc) of the vehicle
Trayectory defin ition ( )adaptable to the trajectory
KP,s
Lines com ponent
Vehicle trayectoryAssembly the bridges nodes and elem ents, where the loads are applied
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Loads Generation (Surface Loads)
Definition of surface loads
KP,s Lines component
Overload grid
s1
d1
d2
dm
Assembly with the bridges nodes and elements over which the surface load will be applied
• Definition of an overload grid over the deck• Automatic load generation and combinations of all possible load
case scenarios
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Loads Generation (Prestressing Cables)
• Definition of points along the cable’s path (automatic adjustment of the points using splines)
• Introduce the tensile force at specific locations in the tendon’s path• Automatic transfer of the cable action to the structure:
• the program calculates an equivalent system of forces at each node of the element that equilibrate the system
3D spline generation
P
P
P P
P 1
2
k+2 k+1
N
P' 1 P' N
P k
Transmision of the cable actions to the model
OP
xR
R
MRy
z
MRz
xMR
c.d.g.R
y
Kfx
Kfy
Kfz
T1
T2
1
2
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Loads Generation - Notes
• In addition to the automatic loads generation explained here, any other “user-defined” load can be applied to the structure such as wind loads, snow, seismic (automatic definition of spectrum according to codes) and so on.
• The automatic load generation feature, although is inside the bridges module, can be applied to any other type of structure simply by defining the surface over which the loads are to be applied.
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Dynamic Analysis• A transient analysis can be automatically performed. • It is also possible to input speeds in the definition of the
moving loads
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Load Combination - Example• Where must be located the two engines to obtain the
maximum stresses at point P?• What is the maximum bending moment at section A-A ?• What are the corresponding concomitant values?
P
A ----- A
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Load Combination• In the bridge analysis process, a great number of load
steps are generated, which later on have to be combined looking for the worst case scenario. CivilFEM includes functionalities that can automatically handle all possible load cases
• Obtains the envelop that considers the worst case scenario for each structural point by specifying a target
• Concomitance at both global and element levels• Variable load coefficients can be defined • Combining the moving loads (traffic loads)
• The program automatically combines them as an “incompatible” load (which is the same as saying that a vehicle can only be located at one position at the same time)
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Load Combination• Combining the surface loads (overloads)
• CivilFEM will automatically combine them as a “compatible” load (these loads will then be allowed to be located at any possible position over the surface)
To obtain the envelop of maximum vertical displacements at all nodes
OBJECTIVE:
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Load Combination• Combining the prestressing cable loads
• The program automatically combine them as an “addition” load (adds all the loads and apply them at the same time)
• Combining “user-defined” loads• The same procedure is applied simply by defining the
combination rule to be used (compatible, incompatible, addition, selection, etc) to find the combined results
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Checking & Design• Serviceability Limit State
• Cracking checking according to codes
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Checking & Design• Ultimate Limit State
• Check and design of the bridge reinforcement according to codes, taking into account all the loads applied to the structure.
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Simulation of Construction Process
Normal Procedure
• The bridges module allows to simulate multiple types of construction process
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Simulation of Construction Process
• Cantilever construction
Y
X
Puente construido mediante dovelas yuxtapuestas: Situación después del step #3
Y
Z
Pile Section: A reaU , I , I , A reaB, I ,I , HyyU
z
Bridge p lant
N ot bu ilded zone
10 11 12 13
Sections
12
Steps
Live cab le
7 8 9 14 15 161 2 3 4 5 6
23
112
3
H
Live pile support
N ot live support
zzU yyB zzB
Pile section axis
Bridge section axis
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Simulation of Construction Process
12345
Proceso constructivo de un puente empujado
123
En la etapa in icia l nacen cuatro seccionesy solo una de e llas está "em pujada" (la una)
4
1234
En la segunda etapa se em puja una nueva sección (la 2), la sección 1 ha llegadoa un apoyo interm edio que al final de la construcción ocupará la 4
1234
En la tercera etapa nace la sección 5, perono se em puja n inguna nueva
5
En la ú ltim a etapa el puente está com pleto. Las secciones 4 y 1 a lcanzan sus apoyos defin itivos.
12345 12345 12345 12345
En la cuarta etapa el puente está com pleto, pero tan solo se em pujandos secciones..
6
6
• Push launching
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Bridge Postprocessing• CivilFEM with ANSYS performs a wide range of
postprocessing calculations: load combinations, results displays, check and design processes, etc.
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Bridges and Nonlinearities Module