![Page 1: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SOLUTIONS
Homogeneous Mixtures
![Page 2: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Solution - Definition
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite ratio by mass.
• All homogeneous mixtures are solutions.• Solutions can exist in any phase• Liquid solutions must be clear (light can pass
through) and can be colored.
![Page 4: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solvents and Solutes
• An aqueous solution contains dissolved substances.
• 2 components of a solution: solvent and solute.
• Solvent dissolves the solute; solute is what is being dissolved.
![Page 5: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Question
• Which statement describes KCl(aq)?(1) KCl is the solute in a homogeneous mixture(2) KCl is the solute in a heterogeneous mixture(3) KCl is the solvent in a homogeneous mixture(4) KCl is the solvent in a heterogeneous mixture
![Page 6: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Solution process
• http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/molvie1.swf
![Page 7: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes• An electrolyte is a substance that conducts an
electrical current when in an aqueous solution or a molten state.
• All ionic compounds are electrolytes.• Strong electrolytes are good conductors of
electricity.• Weak electrolytes are weak conductors of
electricity.• Nonelectrolytes do not conduct electricity when in
an aqueous solution or in a molten state.
![Page 8: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Question
• Explain why CH4 is a nonelectrolyte.
![Page 10: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Terminology
• Solute - substance that is being dissolved (lesser amount)
• Solvent - substance that is doing the dissolving (greater amount)
• Aqueous solutions - water solutions (water is the solvent)– KCl(s) -> K+
(aq) + Cl-(aq)
Note the (aq) to indicate a watersolution
![Page 11: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Terminology (cont.)
• Solubility - the amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature.
• Dissociation - breaking apart into its ions– KCl(s) K+
(aq) + Cl-(aq)
• Miscible - mixable (water & alcohol)• Immiscible - will not mix (oil & water)
![Page 12: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Solubility Factors
• The following have an effect on how much of something can be dissolved-– Nature of the solute and solvent– Temperature– Pressure (gases)
![Page 13: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
“Like Dissolves Like”
In chemistry the phrase is used to describe how solutes and solvents will interact with each other.
I2 solidCCl4 liquid
Both nonpolar
ethanolwater
Both polar
In Both cases the substances are soluble
![Page 14: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Nature of the Substances
SoluteType
Non Polar Solvent
Polar Solvent
Nonpolar Soluble Insoluble
Polar Insoluble Soluble
Ionic Insoluble Soluble
![Page 15: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Temperature• For most solids solubility in water increases
with and increase in temperature.• Ex: dissolving sugar in tea
• For gases the opposite is true; solubility in a liquid decreases with an increase with temperature. Why?• Increasing temp allows the gases to escape
the liquid.
![Page 16: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pressure• Pressure has little no affect on the solubility of
solids or liquids• Pressure affects solubility of a gas in a liquid.
As pressure increases, the solubility of a gas increases.• Ex: Opening up a soda can.
![Page 17: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Solubility Factors
• The following will effect how fast something dissolves-– Particle size– Stirring
![Page 18: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Particle Size
• The rate at which a solute dissolves depends on the particle size of the solute. The bigger the particle the longer it takes to dissolve it.
![Page 19: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Stirring
• Stirring increases the rate at which a solute dissolves because during stirring the fresh solvent is continuously in contact with the solute.
![Page 20: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Question
Describe two methods by which you could remove gases that are dissolved in water.
![Page 21: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
TEMPERATURE
• Refer to Table G of your Reference Tables for Chemistry–The solubility of most solids increases
with an increase in temperature–The solubility of gases decreases with
an increase in temperature
![Page 22: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Temperature & SolubilityThese substances are gases
•Notice that the solubility of the gases decreases with an increase in temperature•The solubility of most solids (those on the table) increases with an increase in temperature•The solubility is given in grams of solute per 100 grams of water
![Page 23: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Question
Which compound’s solubility decreases most rapidly as the temperature changes from 10oC to 70oC?a. NH4Cl
b. NH3
c. HCld. KCl
![Page 24: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Solution ConditionsG
ram
s so
lute
/100
g H
2O
Temperature(°C)
Saturated
Supersaturated
Unsaturated
![Page 25: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Solution Types
• Unsaturated - the solution can dissolve more solute in the solvent at the specified temperature.
![Page 26: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Solution Types
• Saturated - the solution is holding as much solute as it can hold at the given temperature ( the rate of solution equals the rate of dissolution).
![Page 27: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Solution Types
• Supersaturated - the solution is holding more solute than it normally can hold at the specified temperature. These solutions are unstable and will seek to reach saturation when disturbed and the excess solute will precipitate out.
• Example: rock candy• http://
chemed.chem.purdue.edu/demos/main_pages/15.2.html
![Page 28: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Question
• How many grams of NaNO3 would be needed to saturate 200 grams of H2O at 40oC?
![Page 30: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Units of Concentration (Table T)
• ways to express the amount of solute in solution (concentration)–Mass percent of solute –Parts per million (ppm)–Molarity
![Page 31: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Mass Percent of Solute
• On Table T you will see the following relationship ––Mass % solute = (mass solute/total
solution mass) x (100)–Example – In a solution prepared by
dissolving 24 g of NaCl in 152 g of water, what is the % by mass of NaCl in solution?
–Solution – Mass % NaCl = (24 g/176 g) x 100 = 14
![Page 32: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
ppm
• On Table T you will see the following relationships–ppm solute = (mass solute/total
solution mass) x 106
• There is a relationship between mass percent and ppm – ppm = mass percent x 104
![Page 33: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ppm Example• Example – In the United States and Canada,
drinking water cannot contain more than 5 x 10-4 mg of mercury per gram of sample of solution. In parts per million what would that be?
• Solution –Ppm Hg = (5 x 10-4 mg Hg/1 x 103 mg) x 106
= 0.5Remember there are 1000 mg = 1 gram)
![Page 34: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Questions
• An aqueous solution has 0.0070 gram of oxygen dissolved in 1000. grams of water. In the space in your answer booklet, calculate the dissolved oxygen concentration of this solution in parts per million. Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result.
![Page 35: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Molarity (M)• Remember moles (n) = given mass/molar mass• Formula from Table G
– M = mols of solute /Liters of solution– Example – if 40 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to
prepare 500 mL of solution, what is the molarity?– M = 1 mol/0.5 L = 2M (or a 2 molar solution)
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/ mol
![Page 36: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Molarity Problems
• Fill-in the following blanksSubstance Molar Mass
(g/mol)# grams used (convert to moles first)
L of solution Molarity (M)
KOH 56.1 100 2.0
CaCl2 111 0.5 2.0
NH4NO3 80 160 1.0
Ca(OH)2 74.1 80 1.5
*Moles = mass/ molar mass*Mass = mole X molar mass
![Page 37: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Question
• How many moles of solute are contained in 200 ml of 1M solution?
![Page 38: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Percent by Volume
% by volume (v/v) =
Example: If a 10 mL of propanone is diluted with water to a total solution volume 200 mL, what is the percent by volume of propanone in the solution?
![Page 39: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Question
• A bottle of the antiseptic hydrogen peroxide H2O2 is labeled 3.0% (v/v). How many mL H2O2 are in 400.0-,L bottle of this solution?
![Page 40: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Molarity Dilution Problems
• The number of mols of solute in a sample remains constant when we add water to dilute the sample, the concentration changes.
• M1V1 = M2V2 • If a 200 mL of a 3.0 M HCl solution is
diluted to 400 mL what is the new molarity?
![Page 41: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Question
• How many milliliters of a solution of 4.00M KI are needed to prepare 250.0 ml of 0.760M KI?
![Page 42: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Molecules vs. Ionic Compounds in Aqueous solutions
• Some molecular compounds dissolve but do not dissociate into ions. –C6H12O6(s) (glucose) C6H12O6 (aq)
• 1 mole of sugar gives 1 mole of sugar when dissolved in water
![Page 43: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Molecules vs. Ionic Compounds in Aqueous solutions
• Many ionic compounds dissociate into independent ions when dissolved in water– NaCl (s) Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)
• 1 mole of NaCl solid gives 1 mole of sodium ions and 1 mole of chloride ions when dissolves (total of 2 moles of dissolved particles).
– MgCl2 (s) Mg+2(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)• Total of 3 moles of dissolved particles
![Page 44: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Colligative Properties
• Colligative properties refers to properties of a solution that depend on the concentration of particles.– Vapor pressure– Boiling point– Freezing point
![Page 45: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Vapor Pressure Lowering
• The presence of any solute (salt or sugar) lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent.
• The more moles of dissolved particles, the lower the vapor pressure.
• The greater the concentration of a solute the more it lowers the vapor pressure.
![Page 46: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Boiling Point Elevation• The presence of a nonvolatile solute (salt or
sugar) raises the boiling point of the solvent.–Nonvolatile: does not easily vaporize
• The greater the concentration of the solute, the more it raises the boiling point.
• The more moles of dissolved particles, the higher the boiling point.
• Boiling point elevates by 0.52 oC for each mole of particles in a kg of water.
![Page 47: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Boiling Point (cont.)
• The elevation of the boiling point depends on the number of mols of particles present. For each mol of particles in a kg of water the boiling point of the aqueous solution is elevated by 0.52°C. That is called the boiling point elevation constant for water (0.52°C/m).
• Molecular compounds such as C6H12O6 do not break up into ions, so one mol of C6H12O6 would raise the boiling point 0.52°C.
• Ionic Compounds such as NaCl and CaCl2 break up into ions in aqueous solution. One mol of NaCl actually yields two mols of ions, one mol of CaCl2 yields three mols of ions. They would elevate the boiling point more than one mol of C6H12O6.
![Page 48: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Freezing Point Depression• The presence of any solute (salt or sugar) lowers
the freezing point of the solvent.• The more moles of dissolved particles, the
lower the freezing point.• The freezing point of an aqueous solution is
lowered 1.86°C for each mol of particles per kg of water.
• The greater the concentration of a solute the more it lowers the freezing point.
![Page 49: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
QuestionHow are the boiling and freezing points of a sample of water affected when a slat is dissolve in the water?(1) Boiling point decreases and freezing point
depression(2) Boiling point decreases and freezing point increases(3) Boiling point increases and freezing point decreases(4) Boiling point increases and freezing point increases
![Page 50: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Question
• Which solution containing 1 mole of solute dissolved in100 grams of water has the lowest freezing point?
a. KOH (aq)b. C6H12O6 (aq)
c. C2H5OH (aq)
d. C12H12O11 (aq)
![Page 51: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Summary
• The addition of solutes of water:–Lowers vapor pressure–Raises boiling point–Lowers freezing point
• The more particles dissolved the greater change it has on the colligative properties.
![Page 52: SOLUTIONS Homogeneous Mixtures. Solution - Definition A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (elements or compounds) in no definite](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012320/56649d135503460f949e7dee/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Other things to remember
• Low vapor pressure=high boiling point• High vapor pressure = low boiling point• The stronger the intermolecular forces the
lower the vapor pressure/higher the boiling point.