Download - Some Terms and Definitions
![Page 1: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Some Terms and Definitions
• Ecosystems: A grouping of plants, animals, and microbes occupying an explicit unit of space and interacting with each other and their environment.
• Ecotone: Transitional region between different ecosystems.
![Page 2: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Ecosystems: A Description
• Biotic communities: grouping or assemblage of plants, animals, and microbes.
• Species: different kinds of plants, animals, and microbes in the community.
• Populations: number of individuals that make up the interbreeding, reproducing group.
• Associations: how a biotic community fits into the landscape.
![Page 3: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ecotones on Land
• Shares many of the species and characteristics of both ecosystems
• May also include unique conditions that support distinctive plant and animal species
![Page 4: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Terrestrial-to-Aquatic-System Ecotone
• Shares many of the species and characteristics of both ecosystems
• May also include unique conditions that support distinctive plant and animal species
![Page 5: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Interrelationships Between Ecosystem Components“Everythingisconnectedtoeverythingelse”
Interrelationships Example
abiotic x abiotic temperature and rainfall = climate
abiotic x biotic water temperature predicts fish species
biotic x abiotic human pollution of the environment
biotic x biotic predator/prey relationships, life cycles, trophic levels
![Page 6: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Structure of Ecosystems
• Trophic categories
• Trophic relationships: food chains, food webs, trophic levels.
• Nonfeeding relationships: symbiosis
• Abiotic factors
![Page 7: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Autotrophs = Producers = Self feedersAutotrophs = Producers = Self feedersAutotrophs = Producers = Self feedersAutotrophs = Producers = Self feeders
![Page 8: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Consumers = Heterotrophs
• Primary consumers = herbivores = rabbit: eat plant material
• Secondary consumers = carnivores = predators = coyotes: prey are herbivores and other animals.
![Page 10: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Consumers = Heterotrophs
• Parasites = predator = either plant or animal: prey are plants or animals.
![Page 11: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Detritus Food Web
![Page 12: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Trophic Categories
![Page 13: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Trophic Relationships: Food ChainTrophic Relationships: Food Chain
Third-order Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer
Producer
![Page 14: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Match Organisms with Trophic Level(s)
Trophic LevelsOrganisms Producer Primary
ConsumerSecondary Consumer
Third-Order Consumer
Plants X
Rabbits X
Snakes X X
Owls X X
Bacteria X X X X
![Page 15: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Match Trophic Categories with Trophic Level(s)
Trophic Levels
Category Producer Primary Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Third-Order Consumer
Autotrophs X
Herbivores X
Carnivores X X
Omnivores X X X
Parasites X X X X
![Page 16: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Trophic Relationships Among Producers and Consumers
![Page 17: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Food Webs = Food Chain Interrelationships
![Page 18: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Trophic Level Energy FlowTrophic Level Energy Flow
Producer 10,000 Kcal
Third-order Consumer
Secondary Consumer
Primary Consumer- 100x
- 10x
- 10x
100 Kcal
10 Kcal
1Kcal
![Page 19: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Biomass Pyramid
![Page 20: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Trophic Levels: Pyramid of BiomassTrophic Levels: Pyramid of Biomass
1
2
3
4
5 Which level is occupied by:producers?primary consumers?secondary consumers?third-order consumers?
![Page 21: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Trophic Levels: Pyramid of EnergyTrophic Levels: Pyramid of Energy
1
2
3
4
5Which level is occupied by:producers?primary consumers?secondary consumers?third-order consumers?
![Page 22: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Nutrient Cycles and Energy Flow
![Page 23: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
HW Questions(answer these 5 questions in a Word doc and bring the word doc to next class (do not submit or email it)!
![Page 24: Some Terms and Definitions](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062517/5681301d550346895d959c16/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HW questions (Contd)
• Q4. Define and compare the terms species, population, association, and ecosystem.
• Q6. Compared with an ecosystem, what are an ecotone, landscape, biome, and biosphere?
• Q7. Identify and describe the biotic and the abiotic components of the ecosystem such as the Gulshan Lake that is a part of your community.
• Q8. Name and describe the roles of the three main trophic categories that make up the biotic structure of every ecosystem. Give examples of organisms from each category.