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Source Water Protection Plans
A case study of the Ross Barnett Reservoir in Central MS
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Overview
• What is a source water protection plan?
• Where are they needed?
• Who is responsible?
• When and how are plans developed?
• Why are they important for long-term sustainability?
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Legal Requirements
• SDWA Amendments of 1996
• Requires Source Water Assessments– Primary Protection Area– Pollutant Sources– Risk Assessment
• Source Water Protection is optional (for now).
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Source Water Protection“Pollution prevention is far preferable to the remediation or
treatment of a contaminated source”
-Water Research Foundation, 2010
“Every 1% increase in turbidity results in a 0.25% increase in treatment costs”
-Dearmont, 1998
“Improved water treatment, while necessary, is not sufficient by itself to protect public water supplies.”
-Kitchell, 2001
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WHERE IS SWP NEEDED?
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WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?
• Public Utility
• Government – (EPA, State, Dept of Health, Local)
• Source Water Owner
• Residents/Users of the Watershed
• Customers
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Case Study
• Ross Barnett Reservoir in Central MS– SWPP part of a Comprehensive Watershed
Protection and Restoration effort– 3,000 square mile watershed– 31,000 acre reservoir– Supplies 20 MGD of water to Jackson
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SWPP Elements
1. Vision statement and goals
2. Source water characterization
3. Action plan
4. Program implementation
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Vision Statement
“The Ross Barnett Reservoir provides a safe and reliable supply of drinking water at a reasonable cost for water customers. Ross Barnett Reservoir is protected by a highly motivated, enlightened citizenry of central Mississippi who have a passion for the sustainability of this valuable resource and its contribution to their quality of life.”
Element 1
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Goals• Manage the land of the watershed using responsible land
stewardship practices.
• Restore or improve areas of the watershed that are contributing to problems.
• Sustain the Reservoir as a safe and reliable source of drinking.
• Maintain a healthy watershed to protect the quantity, quality, and cost of the drinking water.
Element 1
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Characterization
• Water quality data in the Reservoir and Watershed– Elevated turbidity/TOC after rain events
– Nutrients
– Current use pesticides
• Raw water and finished water– Turbidity
– Bacteria
– Manganese, Iron, Color (Secondary Standards)
– Disinfection byproducts
Element 2
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Characterization (cont’d)
• Potential Contaminant Source Inventory– Identify
– Locate
• Emergency Preparedness
Element 2
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Contaminant Sources
• Direct Spill
• Permitted discharge from regulated sources
• Nonpoint sources
Element 2
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Potential Contaminant Source Inventory
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Potential Contaminant Source Inventory
Bridge
Marina
Stormwater Outfall
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Action Plan
• Committed work group to administer Plan
• Coordinate with existing Local,
State, and Federal programs
• Public education and outreach
• BMPs in direct drainage area and the watershed
Element 3
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Best Management Practices
• Incorporate green infrastructure practices in retrofitting and future development
• Encourage vegetated areas for discharging on site generated wash water.
• Incorporate constructed wetlands/filters
strips for stormwater, especially when
it is discharged in the PPA.
Element 3
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Watershed BMPs
• Encourage aesthetically pleasing BMPs– wetlands, rain gardens, grassy swales, tree plantings,
vegetated buffer strips
• Encourage riparian buffer conservation or restoration.• Provide hazardous (household) waste collection sites.
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BMPs in the PPA
• Install oil/water separators (parking lots/gas stations).
• Perform routine street sweeping along the road and bridges.
• Provide and maintain pet waste receptacles at public boat ramps, parks, and walking trails.
• Incorporate permeable pavement or pavers where appropriate.
Element 3
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Action Plan, Cont.
• Water quality monitoring
• Appropriate legislation for enforceable mechanisms
• Emergency management first-responder training
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Program Implementation
• Coordinate regulatory and voluntary programs
• Evaluation and revision
• Performance measures
• Funding
Element 4
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WHY ARE SWPPs IMPORTANT?
• Healthy watershed
• Sustainable resource
• Treatment cost
• Quality of life
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Program Challenges
• Who is responsible?
• Engaging Watershed Residents who are not Water Customers
• Find/Retain local champions
• Maintain momentum
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Program Successes• The Big Picture
– Comprehensive Watershed Approach (restoration, monitoring, education, source water protection)
• Developing partnerships– Source Water Protection Work Group
• Community events (WaterFest)
• Outreach materials
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Questions?