Southern European Neighborhood: Realities in the Middle East and North Africa
Region
European Health Forum 2003, Gastein, AustriaOctober 4, 2003
Akiko Maeda, Ph.D.Lead Health SpecialistThe World Bank(E-mail: [email protected])
Middle East and North Africa Region
The Region in Brief…..
Some 20 countries, 307 millions population (2001): Relatively wealthy, highly dependant on
oil Diverse income levels, wide disparities
30 % of the population (87 millions) live under $2 per day
Geopolitically volatile region (5 % of world population, 25 % of conflicts)
Proportion of oil reserves and production of crude oil
Sources: Crude Oil Production: IEA Oil Market Report Annual Statistical Supplement for 2001, August 2002, Table 11 (Bahrain information provided by DECPG); Petroleum Reserves: US Department of EnergyNotes: Les pays de la région MENA inclus dans le graphique :’Arabie saoudite, Iran, Irak, Emirats Arabes Unis, Koweit, Bahrein, Qatar, Libye, Algérie, Oman, Syrie, Yémen, Egypte, et la zone neutre.
Crude oil production (million barrels per day, 2001)
Oil reserves(billion barrels, 2001)
52.87
24.03(MENA)
69 % 31 %
303.0
725.2(MENA)
29 % 71 %
Reste du Monde
Irak
MENA
Irak
Exports as percentage of GDP, 2000MENA and Rest of the World
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Non-pétrolières Pétrolières
MENA East Asia Europe/ High Latin South SubSaharan Pacific Central Income/ America Asia Africa Asia OECD Carib.
The Region in Brief…..
Young population, high unemployment rate, growing demand for social services "Arab Development Report" (ADR 2002) a "mismatch between aspirations and their fulfillment has in some cases led to [Arab] alienation, apathy and discontent."
EU and MENA DemographicsPopulation share by age groups,
2000
Population share by age groups,
2050
0-14 15-59
60+ 0-14 15-59
60+
EU-15
17.4
61.8 20.8 14.3 50.1 35.6
MENA 37.4
56.9 5.7 22.3 59.0 18.7
Source: United Nations Population Division
Since 1989, net migration is a main component of annual population change in EU.
In 2000, the annual net migration rate was 2.0 per 1 000 population, representing 65% of total population growth.
Around 5% of the EU population are non-nationals (3.4% non-EU nationals including MENA nationals).
EU and Labor Migration
MENA Region suffers from the three «deficits » Lack of participation Lagging in knowledge economy Delays in women’s rights
Source: UNDP Report on Human Development 2002 for Arab Region
The Region in Brief…..
Unemployment Rates, 1997*
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
MENA MENA MENA East Asia Latin OECD South Sub-Saharan Total Non-GCC GCC & Pacific America High Asia Africa & Carib. income
Note: * or more recent estimates.
IranAlgérie
Libye
LibanIsraelMaroc / Yémen (officiel)Tunisie BahreinJordanieSyrieEgypte Oman
Koweit
Adult Illiteracy RatesAdult Illiteracy Rates(% aged 15 & above, 1998)(% aged 15 & above, 1998)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%FemaleMale
Source: World Bank
Poverty
0
10
20
30
40
50
National (% of population)
1980s 1990s
MENA Asie de l’Est Amérique Latine Asie Afrique sub- et Pacifique & Caraïbes du Sud Saharienne
Source : Enquêtes sur la Pauvreté
Deaths per 1000 live birthsDeaths per 1000 live births
11593
7647
423333
262626
2524
221817
149
776
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Djibouti
Iraq
Yemen, Republic
Morocco
Egypt, Arab Republic
Algeria
Iran, Islamic Republic
Lebanon
Libya
Tunisia
Jordan
Syrian Arab Republic
Palestinian Administration
Saudi Arabia
Oman
Qatar
Kuwait
Bahrain
United Arab Emirates
OECD
Infant Mortality Rates, 2000Infant Mortality Rates, 2000
Source: World Bank, WDI, 2002; UNICEF , The Situation of the Children in Iraq, 2002
Maternal Mortality RatiosMaternal Mortality Ratios
570
350
310
230170
117
100
75
71
7070
41
41
37
23
1918
5
3
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Djibouti
Yemen
Iraq
Morocco
Egypt
Algeria
Lebanon
Libya
Syrian Arab Republic
Tunisia
Palestine
Qatar
Jordan
Iran
Bahrain
Oman
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
UAE
Maternal Mortality Ratio (per 100,000 live births)
Source: World Bank, WDI, 2002
Per Capita Health Spending
Source: World Bank, WDI, 2002
842
752
690
499
430
352
344
222
134
122
118
96
62
56
56
51
42
38
20
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Kuwait
Lebanon
Bahrain
Saudi Arabia
Libya
Oman
Jordan
Palestinian Administration
Tunisia
Iran, Islamic Republic
Algeria
Djibouti
Morocco
Iraq
Syria, Arab Republic
Egypt, Arab Republic
Yemen, Republic
Per Capita Health Expenditure in US$
Per Capita GDP vs. Per Capita GDP vs. Per Capita Health ExpenditurePer Capita Health Expenditure
per capita GDP
pe
r c
ap
ita
he
alt
h e
xp
en
dit
ure
100
1,000
10,000
10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
10
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt
Iran
JordanLebanon
Morocco
WB&GS*
TunisiaYemen
Iraq
Libya
Syria
Source: World Bank, WDI, 2002
S
hare
of
govern
men
t h
ealt
h
exp
en
dit
ure
(%
)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Poorest Quintile Richest Quintile
Africa ECA South Asia
Gwatkin, 2001
Inequities in Public SpendingInequities in Public Spending
Middle East and North Africa: Strategic Neighbor for EU
Major producer and exporter of oil Major source of labor migration Potential markets and trading partnersPolitically volatile region in need of Human Development and institutional reforms