Download - SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS IN DENMARK
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Marlene Plejdrup, MSc. physical geography Stockholm 4/5 2011
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF EMISSIONS
IN DENMARK
Marlene Plejdrup & Steen GyldenkærneDepartment of Policy AnalysisNational Environmental Research InstituteAarhus University
TFEIP Emissions Gridding and Mapping WorkshopStockholm, May 4th, 2011
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Outline
› Emission gridding in Denmark
› The SPREAD model
› Gridded emissions:› stationary combustion› agriculture› mobile sources› national emissions
› Application of gridded emissions
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Danish emission gridding› Previous griddings:
› Danish emission on 50 km grid – reporting to LRTAP› National emissions on 17 km grid – special focus on
road transport and residential wood burning › Emissions from road transport and residential wood
burning for case areas on 1 km grid.› Agricultural NH3 on 100 m grid
› New gridding model, SPREAD:› Gridding of all emissions in the Danish emission
inventories on 1 km grid.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geographyThe SPREAD Model
- Spatial High Resolution Emission to Air Distribution
Model
Waste
Agriculture
Solventsand other
product use
Industrialprocesses
Fugitiveemissions
Othermobile
sources
Road traffic
Stationarycombustion,
AS
Stationarycombustion,
PS
LPS
Nationalemissions
SPREAD includes ● 10 sub-models● > 15 databases● > 30 distribution keys● > 50 distribution
● a module for extraction of results
● all or selected pollutants
● all or selected sources
● customised aggregation level, e.g. sectoral total or source level
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Methodology› Gridding on most disaggregated level as possible
› Source, SNAP, sub-sector or sector
› Distribution level is determined by:› evaluation of the best potential way of distribution› examination of data availability
› Distribution keys in GIS (Geographical Information
System)› intersection› share of area or length for each grid cell
› Emissions › from the emission inventory for 2008 or calculated
(stationary combustion and agriculture). Calculated emissions are corrected to match reported emissions.
› Visualisation of results in GIS
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Stationary combustion – sources and data
› LPS› UTM coordinates are included in the Danish
inventory system
› PS› The “Energy Producer Accounts” from DEA
› annual database including fuel consumption (FC) and geographical coordinates for each district heating and/or power producing plant
› AS › National FC from the Danish Energy Statistics by DEA
excluding LPS and PS
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Stationary combustion – emission calculation› FC on different level for LPS, PS and AS
› extraction of LPS from PS to avoid double-counting
› extraction of LPS and PS from AS to avoid double-counting
› need for manual re-allocation of FC, as LPS and PS is on SNAP3 level and the national energy statistics on SNAP2, leading to FC deficits for AS
› need for corrections of calculated emissions to ensure agreement with the national emission inventory
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Stationary combustion - gridding› LPS and PS at exact location and afterwards
aggregated on 1 km grid
› Gridding of AS mainly follows a regional inventory on municipality level from DEA including FC for regional heating for oil boilers, natural gas boilers and solid fuel installations.› Sources and fuels not included in the regional
inventory are gridded in accordance with the most similar source or fuel, e.g.1.small amounts of petroleum coke and LPG is
treated as wood and other wood waste primary located on residential plants
2.small amounts of residual oil allocated on area sources are gridded according to industrial areas
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Stationary combustion, SO2 emission (map size ~100*150 km)
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Agriculture Fieldburning
Histosols
PRP
Sludge
Atmosphericdeposition
Leachingand
run-off
Fertilizerapplication
Manureapplication
N-fixingcrops
Cropresidue
Agriculturalsoils
Manuremanagement
Entericfermentation
Agriculture
› Complex model building on many methods in the Danish NH3 gridding on
100 m
› Buttom-up approach› individual
animal› farm level› field level
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Agriculture – background data› CHR - central husbandry register
› population and location of animals on farm level› livestock, pig, sheep, goat, deer, fox, mink and
animals in aquaculture› livestock are registered individually
› GLR - general agriculture register› information on farms (e.g. cvr number and animals) and
crops on field level› CVR – central business register
› XY coordinates for e.g. farms with a CVR number› Fertiliser account
› purchased N at farm level› LPIS - Land Parcel Identification System
› land parcels as polygons› land parcels are split by natural boundaries, e.g.
trenches and hedgerows› on average one land parcel covers approximately 11
hectares and includes 3 fields
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Mobile sourcesMilitary
Mobile inhousehold
Mobile inindustry
Mobile inforestry
Mobile inagriculture Other
navigation
Fishing
Ferries
Aviation,cruise
Aviation,LTO
RailwayRoad
Mobilesources
The national road and traffic database: Annual mileage aggregated on 1 km grid
Vehicle types: •passenger cars•vans•trucks and buses
Road types: •highway•urban road•rural road
AIS (Area Information System): National maps of spatial data related to nature and environment. E.g. railways, industrial areas and low settlements.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
National emissions› Emissions from the sub-models are gathered in a
separate database used for data extraction.
› SPREAD is based on 2008 emissions. A number of modifications are necessary to apply SPREAD to other years. e.g.:› Stationary combustion PSs according to the annual
“Energy Producer Accounts” from DEA for plants delivering heat and/or power to the public network.
› Stationary combustion AS, as PS affect this distribution key
› Agricultural emissions according to annual data on animals, fertilizers and crops.
› Distribution keys for a large number of minor sources are applicable for more/all years.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Application of gridded emissions› Dispersion models:
› The regional 3D grid model DEHM (the Danish Euleric Hemispheric Model) on 5.55 km grid (50 km EMEP grid / 9)
› The gaussian plume model UBM (Urban Background Model)
› including emissions from SPREAD has improved the results from the UBM calculations, which now are more in line with measurements in the urban areas
› Air quality modelling are used in exposure studies, health effect studies and cost-benefit estimations.
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY Stockholm 4/5 2011Marlene Plejdrup, MSc Physical geography
Further information
› Plejdrup, M.S. & Gyldenkærne,
S. 2011: Spatial distribution of
emissions to air – the SPREAD
model. National Environmental
Research Institute, Aarhus
University, Denmark. 72 pp. –
NERI Technical Report no.
FR823.
http://www.dmu.dk/Pub/FR823.p
df
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTEAARHUS UNIVERSITY
Marlene Plejdrup, MSc. physical geography Stockholm 4/5 2011
Thank you for your attention