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Specific Steps in Data Modeling(1) Conceptualize the user's view of data
– what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?
(2) Select the geographic representation – points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs
(3) Define objects, features, and relationships – draw a UML diagram, specify relationships,
“behaviors”
(4) Match to geodatabase elements– Refine relationships, “behaviors”
(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data
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( 1 ) User’s View of Data
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( 1 ) User’s View of Data cont.
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(2)Select
geographic rep.
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Steps in Data Modeling(1) Conceptualize the user's view of data
– what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?
(2) Select the geographic representation – points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs
(3) Define objects and relationships – draw a UML diagram, specify relationships,
“behaviors”
(4) Match to geodatabase elements– Refine relationships, “behaviors”
(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data
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Unified Modeling Language• Entity-relationship diagrams
• Design methodologies, diagram notations
• UML– Not a design methodology
– Just a diagrammatic notation based on methods
– Endorsed by leading software and database companies
• HTML
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Unified Modeling LanguageUML
• Diagrammatic notation = “visual language”...
• For constructing a data model– Explains, documents on object-oriented structure
• Drawings, relationships constructed in Visio– Like CAD for Civil Engineering
• Tools to input a drawing to ArcGIS– input data to the data model
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Basic UML Grammer
• Things– “Classes” sometimes grouped in “Packages”
• Relationships
• Diagrams
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UML Things
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UML NotationZeiler pp. 97-99
• a class is shown as a box
• top part contains the name of the class
• lower part contains the attributes
• methods associated with the class
• lines connect boxes and indicate relationships
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UML Notation ( cont. )
• Abstract class – specify subclasses
underneath– Mammals w/human or
dog feature classes– no new instances
• Feature Class– Specify subtypes
underneath– Human, dog, cat
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Example: Chicken Object Model
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Graphic courtesy of Maidment et al., ArcHydro team
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Objects and Features
• Object (real world)– in ArcGIS an object is non-spatial
– it is NOT a point, line, or area
– it has no geographic location
– it has no shape attribute in its table
– Drainage network, ship, vehicle, … customer, lake, house, etc.
• Feature (spatial context)– an object that has geographic location
– a point, line, area, TIN, raster
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Relationships
• Links between classes, shown as lines
• One to one
• One to many
• Many to many
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Relationships (cont.)
• 1:1 - solid line– one record in Class A linked to one record in
Class B• “is married to”• the class of state capitals linked to the class of
states
• 1:n - solid line with * at one end– one record in Class A linked to any number of
records in Class B• "owns" • the class of states linked to the class of area codes
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Relationships (cont.)
• m:n - solid line with * at both ends– any number of records in Class A linked to any
number of records in Class B• "has visited”• "was never married to" • the class of mountain lions linked to the class of
wilderness areas
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Graphic courtesy of Maidment et al., ArcHydro team
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Type Inheritance
• White triangle• Class B inherits the
properties (attributes, methods) of Class A
• the class street inherits from the class transportation network
• Solid diamond• the parts and the whole
depend on each other
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Graphic courtesy of Maidment et al., ArcHydro team
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MDeviceIDEastNorthSpeedDirection112.110.88.6121111.312.57.922019.3-3.57.5130114.015.13.923417.312.09.1115
MeasuredData
InstantaneousPoint (ex: CTD)InstantaneousPoint (ex: CTD)
Measurement
XX
YY
TimeStampTimeStamp
MeasuringDevice
MDeviceIDNameTypeMeasurementID1Bob12Poncho13Juanita14Mia25Anita2
MeasuringDevice
MTypeIDVarNameVarDesc VarUnitsMDeviceID1Oranges12Bananas13Cubic cm24Rocks25Limes3MeasuredType
ZZ
MarineIDMarineCodeSeriesIDIPointTypeRecordedTime1AAA1105/04/58 12:00 002BBB1105/04/58 12:30 003CCC1105/04/58 13:00 00
InstantaneousPoints
MeasurementMeasureIDMarineIDZLocXlocYlocServiceTripSeviceDesc11-0.821-1.531-3.542-0.852-1.5
Michael Blongewicz
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ArcMarine GeodatabaseOverall Geodatabase
Feature Class
Feature ClassFeature Dataset
Table
RelationshipClass
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Steps in Data Modeling(1) Conceptualize the user's view of data
– what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?
(2) Select the geographic representation – points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs
(3) Define objects and relationships – draw a UML diagram, specify relationships,
“behaviors”
(4) Match to geodatabase elements– Refine relationships, “behaviors”
(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data
![Page 29: Specific Steps in Data Modeling (1) Conceptualize the user's view of data –what are the basic features needed to solve the problem? (2) Select the geographic](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032414/56649eeb5503460f94bfd051/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
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Data Model Levels
IncreasingAbstraction
RealityReality
Conceptual ModelConceptual Model
Logical ModelLogical Model
Physical ModelPhysical Model
Human-oriented
Computer-oriented
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Real World Objects and relationships
DatabaseSchema
(Object state)
Physical Model
Modeling ProcessConceptual Model
Lists, flow diagrams, etc
Logical ModelDiagram in CASE
Tool
Graphic courtesy of ESRI
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Steps in Data Modeling(1) Conceptualize the user's view of data
– what are the basic features needed to solve the problem?
(2) Select the geographic representation – points, lines, areas, rasters, TINs
(3) Define objects and relationships – draw a UML diagram, specify relationships,
“behaviors”
(4) Match to geodatabase elements– Refine relationships, “behaviors”
(5) Organize geodatabase structure, add data– e.g., Marine Data Model tutorial
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Arc Marine Data Model Exercise
• Exercise and data at dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/ArcMarine_Tutorial/
• What to turn in:– Screen snapshot of what your ArcMap session looks like
at the end of Section 4 (including dynseg referencing)
– Answers to 2 simple questions at end of Section 4 (which cruise? which vehicle?)
– Can put all of the above in a single MS-Word document, labeled with your NAME please!
• Due in Dropbox, May 3rd, 6:00 p.m.
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Gateway to the Literature• Arctur, D. and Zeiler, M., 2004, Designing Geodatabases, ESRI
Press• Lowe, J.W., 2003. Flexible data models strut the runway.
Geospatial Solutions, 13(2): 44-47.• Maidment, D.R., 2002. Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources,
ESRI Press, 203 pp. w/CD.• Li, X. and M.E. Hodgson, 2004. Vector field data model and
operations. GISci. Rem. Sens., 41(1): 1-24.• Wright, D., Blongewicz, M., Halpin, P., and Breman, J., A new
object-oriented data model for coasts, seas, and lakes, in Green, D.R. (ed.), Coastal and Marine Geospatial Technologies, London: Springer, in press. – dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/coastgis_book_final.pdf
• Wright, D.J., Halpin, P.N., Blongewicz, M.J., and Breman, J.B., Arc Marine: GIS for a Blue Planet, Redlands, CA: ESRI Press, in prep and review, due out 2006/7. – dusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis/book
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Resulting Analysis - ArcHydro
From Arctur and Zeiler, Geodatabase Design, ESRI Press.