Download - SPIRITUALITY HEALTH & HEALING
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SPIRITUALITY
HEALTH & HEALING
IMPLICATIONS FOR
PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE
Jonathan Robison, PhD, MS
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"DISEASES OF CIVILIZATION"
Related to stress, diet, drug abuse, sedentary living, pollution, etc
85% of U.S. health care costs
Conventional medicine less effective
CHRONIC CONDITIONS
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60% of doctor visits are for complaints with no physiological basis
25% of office visits are for problems patients could treat themselves
20% of 1992 health care costs ($134 billion) spent on unnecessary procedures & services
HEALTH CARE IN CRISIS
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SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
"MECHANISTIC" WORLD VIEW
Universe = a great machine
Nature = huge clock, dead & inert
No purpose, life or spirituality in matter
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17th CENTURY SCIENCE
MECHANISTIC
REDUCTIONIST DUALISTIC
Whole = sum of it's parts
Analysis = to break down
Matter and spirit separate
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MATTER & SPIRIT SEPARATE
MATERIAL UNIVERSE - objective, quantitative & measurable
IMMATERIAL UNIVERSE - subjective, qualitative & immeasurable
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17th CENTURY SCIENCE
RENE DESCARTES
" I do not recognize any difference
between the machines made by
craftsman and the various bodies
that nature alone composes "
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17th CENTURY SCIENCE
RENE DESCARTES“I consider the body as a machine ...my thought...compares a sick man and an ill-made clock with my idea of healthy man and a well-made clock "
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17th CENTURY SCIENCE
RENE DESCARTES
" There is nothing included in the
concept of the body that belongs to
the mind; and nothing in that of the
mind that belongs to the body "
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MEDIEVAL VALUE SYSTEM
"ORGANIC" WORLD VIEW
Universe = organic, living, spiritual Nature = material & spiritual Science = reason and faith Purpose = live in harmony with nature
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17th CENTURY SCIENCE
PURPOSE:
" To torture nature's secrets from
her, so she can be forced out of her
natural state and squeezed and
molded"
Sir Francis Bacon
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PATRIARCHY
" Man is more courageous,
pugnacious, and energetic than
woman, and has more inventive
genius."
Charles Darwin
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THE HUMAN "MACHINE"
Spirit Church
Body Medical Science
Mind Psychiatry
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Human Beings = machine Disease = biological malfunction Doctor = repairman Physical determinants of disease Curing vs. Healing
THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL
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CORONARY HEART DISEASE
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CORONARY HEART DISEASE
POOLING PROJECT STUDY Combined first 6 big CHD studies
7300 men followed for 10 years
Smoking, Cholesterol, Blood Pressure
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CORONARY HEART DISEASE
POOLING PROJECT STUDY 80% with 3 risk factors did not have MI
90% with 2 risk factors did not have MI
Most MI's in people without risk factors
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" ESSENTIAL "
HYPERTENSION
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Unlike machines, human beings have personalities, thoughts, feelings, and emotions, all of which appear to contribute significantly to our resistance to illness and our ability to heal ourselves.
????????????????
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THE RESEARCH
BIOLOGY & BELIEF
The Mind / Body / Spirit Connection
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PLACEBO
" treatment or aspect of a treatment that
does not have a specific action on a
patient's symptom or disease...an
inactive substance...a procedure with
no therapeutic value "
Dorland's Medical Dictionary
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THE PLACEBO EFFECT
25-35% of patients consistently
experience satisfactory relief when
placebos are used instead of regular
medicines or procedures for a broad
range of medical conditions
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THE PLACEBO EFFECT
ANGINA PECTORIS 5 treatments from 1930’s & 1940’s
initial studies 70-90% effective
later studies 30% "placebo” effective
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Dr. Armand Trousseau
THE PLACEBO EFFECT
" you should treat as many patients
as possible with the new drugs while
they still have the power to heal "
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THE PLACEBO EFFECT: PAIN
" the quality of the interaction between the patient and the physician can be extremely influential in patient outcomes, and, in some (perhaps many) cases, patient and provider expectations and interactions may be more important thanthe specific treatments "
Turner, JAMA, 1994
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THE PLACEBO EFFECT
Increase hair growth in balding men
Increase lung capacity in asthmatic kids
Pain relief equal to real surgery
Ipecac cures nausea and vomiting
NY Times, Oct. 13, 1998 Wolf, J. Clin. Invest. 1950
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THE “NOCEBO” EFFECT
“ The causation of sickness or death
by expectations of sickness or death
and by associated emotional states.”
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THE “NOCEBO” EFFECT
cardiac death in women fearful of MI
Increase airway resistance in asthmatics
Real rashes caused by fake poison ivy
Hair loss caused by fake cancer drug
NY Times, Oct. 13, 1998 Hahn, Prev Med, 1997
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PERCEIVED HEALTH
"For your age would you say, ingeneral, your health is excellent, good, fair, poor, or bad?"
3500 seniors Examined by physicians 7 year follow-up Control for risk factors/prior illness
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...AND MORTALITY
RESULTS " Poor " health 3 times more likely to die
Better predictor than tests and exams
At least equal to traditional risk factors
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OPTIMISTIC OUTLOOK
Success result of personal efforts
Failure result of others, bad luck
Crisis temporary challenge
Feelings of control over life
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PESSIMISTIC OUTLOOK
Success due to others, luck
Failure due to personal faults
Crisis overwhelming obstacle
Feelings of lack of control over life
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OPTIMISM AND HEALTH
Increased survival following heart attack
Increased survival with breast cancer
Less illness, fewer doctor visits
Stronger immune system
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PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY
P N I
Psycho mind and emotions
Neuro brain & central nervous system
Immun defenses against disease
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NEUROPEPTIDES
Dopamine Serotonin Endorphin Epinephrine Acetylcholine
Pert, Molecules of Emotion
“ The brain is like
a bag of hormones ”
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RECEPTORS Single molecule Floating on cell or attached to membrane Vibrating and changing shape 70 different types of receptors per cell Cell can have millions of receptors Sensing molecules - scanners
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THE CHEMICAL BRAIN“ The life of a cell…is determined by which receptors are on its surface, and whether those receptors are occupied…these minute physiological phenomenon on the cellular level can translate to large changes in behavior, physical activity, even mood.”
Pert, Molecules of Emotion
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THE CHEMICAL BRAIN“ Every change in the physiological state is accompanied by an appropriate change in the mental emotional state, conscious or unconscious, and conversely, every change in the mental emotional state…is accompanied by an appropriate change in the physiological state.”
(Dr. Elmer Green Biofeedback, p.137)
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EMOTIONS Basic Experiences
anger, fear, sadness, joy, contentment, courage Basic Sensations
pain and pleasure Drive States
hunger and thirst Subjective Experiences
awe, bliss, spiritual inspiration
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PSYCHOSOMATIC NETWORK Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Influences hunger and satiety
Increased levels lead to feelings of fullness
Receptors for CCK located in:braingall bladderimmune system
(Pert, Molecules of Emotion)
FUNCTION?
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THE MIND
“ Flow of information as it moves among
the cells, organs and systems of the body
…intelligence in the form of information
running all the systems and creating
behavior”
(Pert, Molecules of Emotion)
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THE “BODYMIND” “ The immune system, like the central nervous system, has memory and the capacity to learn. Thus…intelligence is located not only in the brain but in cells that are distributed throughout the body, and the traditional separation of mental processes, including emotions, from the body is no longer valid.”
(Pert, Molecules of Emotion)
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PNI RESEARCH
Multiple personalities
"Pessimism" in animals & humans
Stress and the common cold
Stress and wound healing
Mother Theresa
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PNI RESEARCH Multiple personalities "Pessimism" in animals & humans Stress and the common cold Stress and wound healing Mother Theresa Relaxation, social support
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CONNECTEDNESS
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS People with the fewest social ties have 2-3 times higher mortality rates independent of risk factors, SES, life satisfaction, etc.
Rosetto Effect
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LOVE & INTIMACY
" I am not aware of any other factor in medicine - not diet, not smoking, not exercise, not stress, not genetics, not drugs, not surgery - that has a greater impact on our quality of life, incidence of illness, and premature death from all causes."
Dean Ornish
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THE HARVARD STUDY OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
824 men and women
Followed for more than 60 years
Variety of backgrounds
Regular physical & psychosocial evaluation
Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts To A Happier Life by George E. Vaillant
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THE HARVARD STUDY OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT
Aging Well: Surprising Guideposts To A Happier Life by George E. Vaillant
WHAT PREDICTS POSITIVE AGING?
A good marriage at age 50
Low cholesterol at age 50
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RELATIONSHIPS & CANCER
86 metastatic breast cancer patients
Weekly 90-minute support group - 1 year
1/2 pain and suffering, decreased anxiety depression, fatigue, confusion, etc.
Spiegel
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RELATIONSHIPS & CANCER
HEALING VS. CURING
Spiegel
" even a confrontation with death in the form of a terminal illness could be a period of growth and life enhancement rather than emotional decline "
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RELATIONSHIPS & CANCER
5-year follow-up to disprove psychosocial interventions could prolong life
Women in support group lived twice as long
Only women in support group survived
Spiegel
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CONNECTEDNESS
TOUCH
Rabbits Infants
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THE POWER OF TOUCH
47% greater weight gain
more active, alert, mature
6 fewer days in hospital
$3,000 savings per infant
Field, Pediatrics, 1986
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"HOLISTIC" HEALTH
“KAILO”
whole, uninjured & of good omen
HEALTH
Whole Holy
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"BIOMEDICAL" FOCUS
RISK FACTORS FOR DISEASEblood pressurecholesterolHDL, LDLcholesterol ratioblood glucosetriglyceridessmoking, drinkingabdominal strength
cardiovascular fitnessupper body strengthflexibilityback careweightwaist / hip ratiobody fat %fat, Na, sugar, fiber
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"HOLISTIC" FOCUS
SUPPORTIVE FACTORS FOR HEALTHpurpose in lifespiritual connectionssocial supportwork satisfactionemotional healthoptimism / hopefulnessperceived happinessperceived healthaltruism
intellectual stimulationrestful sleeptime alonepleasure and playfinancial resourceslaughter / humormovementnormal eatingcontact with nature
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" It is more important to know what
sort of person has a disease than
what sort of disease a person has "
Hippocrates