Herman Talmadge
Herman Talmadge Governor of GA
Restructured highway
department
Created Georgia Forestry
Commission
Passed Minimum
Foundation Program for
Education act – Extended
schools to 9 months
Elected to US senate
Served from 1956-81
Benjamin Mays
Benjamin Mays Civil Rights Leader
Became a member
of the city’s Board
of Education
President of
Morehouse
College
White Primaries and County Unit
White Primaries and
County Unit White people got to
pick the candidate to
run for office
The county unit
system allowed the
counties to each
have a vote
The popular vote did
not determine the
official
1946 Governors Race and End of
White Primaries
Democratic Primary
Eugene Talmadge
Eurith Rivers
James Carmichael
Carmichael wins popular vote
E. Talmadge wins the county unit vote
E. Talmadge becomes governor
Talmadge dies and his son Herman Talmadge is appointed governor by the General Assembly
Bypassing Melvin Thompson the lieutenant governor
Herman locks himself in office declares himself governor.
Thompson eventually becomes governor.
Brown v. Board of Education
1950, 7 year old (African American) Linda Brown tries to enroll in a white school in Topeka, Kansas
Denied
NAACP and father sue
1954 Separate-but-Equal was found Unconstitutional
Plessy v. Ferguson overturned
Schools must now desegregate
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Preacher
Lived in Atlanta
Attended Booker T. Washington High
school
1944 entered Morehouse College
1947 ordained at Ebenezer Baptist
Church
1948 earned doctorate from Boston
University
Martin Luther King, Jr. continued
Developed non-violent social change
4 prong approach to gaining civil rights
1. non-violent action
2. legal remedies
3. ballots
4. economic boycott
Martin Luther King, Jr. continued
Boycott business
Lunch Counter Sit ins
1964 awarded Nobel Prize for actions
1965 led march in Selma, Alabama to support voting rights
Pushed congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965 – African guaranteed right to vote
April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray shot and killed King.
1956 State Flag
1956 State Flag Georgia changes
its flag to include
the Confederacy
Many upset
Symbolizes the
old racist south
Others want to
keep Georgia
history alive
Student Non-Violent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) (know acronym)
Pronounced “snick”
Led by John Lewis
Students who fought for rights
using non-violence
Conducted Sit ins- sit down and
refuse to move
Sibley Commission
Public hearings to see how people
in GA felt about integration
2 out of 3 Georgians would rather
see schools closed than integrated
Districts could choose if they
wanted to integrate
Private schools are created
Hamilton Holmes & Charlayne Hunter
to UGA
UGA’s first black students
Gov. Vandiver allowed it
Charlayne Hunter becomes famous
Newspaper & TV reporter
Hamilton Holmes becomes Phi Beta
Kappa
Becomes Orthopedic Surgeon
Dies in 1995
Albany Movement
6 years after Brown v. Board Albany still segregated
“freedom riders” arrive to support
Albany Movement created to desegregate and get Africans to vote
People arrested and jailed
March on Washington
August 28, 1963
Political rally
Theme “jobs, justice and peace”
80% african 20% white
King gives “I have a dream”
speech
Civil Rights Act
1964
Desegregated all public facilities
Restaurants
Theaters
Hotels
Public recreation areas
Schools
Libraries
Election of Maynard Jackson as
Mayor of Atlanta
1st African American Mayor of
southern city
Served 8 years
Morehouse Graduate
Brought Olympics to GA
African American business
thrived
William Hartsfield
Mayor of Georgia
6 terms
Made Atlanta aviation hub
Helped with civil rights
Hired African American police
Invited civil rights leaders to city
BRAIN POP
How did Mayor Hartsfield contribute
to the growth of GA? Helped establish the first airport in Atlanta
(carried mail then passengers)
Airport workers
Western/Delta airlines
Hired black policemen
Supported desegregation
Blacks and northerners moved to Atlanta
Andrew Young and Georgia
Civil Rights leader
Marched in Civil Rights Movement
Pastor
Mayor of Atlanta after Jackson
U.S. Ambassador to the UN
1981 elected mayor
Brought Olympics to GA
Revamped Atlanta Zoo
Reelected by 80%
SS8H12: Developments in Georgia
since 1970
A) Evaluate the consequences of the end of the county unit system and reapportionment.
B) Describe the role of Jimmy Carter in Georgia as state senator, governor, president, and past president.
C) Analyze the impact of the rise of the two party system in Georgia.
D) Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
E) Evaluate the importance of new immigrant communities to the growth and economy of Georgia.
End of the County Unit System
This system had been in place since 1917.
It was designed to maintain the power of the rural areas of the state even though the greatest population growth was in urban areas.
In April 1962, the GA federal court ruled that the county unit system violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
End of the County Unit System
Once the county unit system was ruled unconstitutional, the majority of representatives in the GA house came from the urban areas.
Political power shifted from rural to urban areas.
It also gave predominantly black population areas an equal opportunity to elect legislative representatives.
Reapportionment
The federal court decision on the county unit system was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Gray v. Sanders. It was in the 1963 decision in that case that the phrase “one person, one vote” was first used.
The one-person, one vote concept is that every citizen’s vote should be equal to every other citizen’s vote no matter where the person lived.
Reapportionment
In 1964, the federal court again ruled that
Georgia’s constitution, which ensured
each county in the state at least one seat
in the legislature, violated the one-
person, one-vote concept.
The General Assembly had to
reapportion (redraw) its Congressional
voting districts to ensure that the districts
were of equal population sizes.
Jimmy Carter
Only Georgian who has served as
president of our country
Born in Plains, Georgia in 1924
Graduated from the U.S. Naval
Academy at Annapolis
In 1962, Carter was elected to the
Georgia senate and elected
governor in 1970.
Jimmy Carter continued
Many accomplishments:
Reorganized the state’s executive branch
Appointed the 1st woman as a state judge
Worked to equalize funding for public schools across the state and expanded special education, vocational education, and pre-school education
Expanded state mental health services for Georgians.
Jimmy Carter continued
Announced his
candidacy in 1976
for the Democratic
presidential
nomination
He defeated
President Gerald R.
Ford in November
1976 and served
one term in office.
Jimmy Carter’s Accomplishments
1978 Camp David Middle East Peace
Accords (between Israel & Egypt- the
1st peace treaty b/w Israel and an
Arab neighboring state).
Ratification of the Panama Canal
treaties
Establishment of diplomatic relations
with China
Rise of the two-party system
During the 1980s and 1990s, politics
underwent a major shift in many
southern states
They elected Democrats to statewide
offices and tended to favor Republicans
in national elections.
It led to the establishment of a real two-
party system in the state
Rise of the two-party system
Atlanta Democrat Cynthia McKinney became the 1st African American woman from GA elected to Congress
In 1994, Republicans gained a majority in the U.S. House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years, and Georgia’s Newt Gingrich was elected Speaker of the House.
In 2002, Republicans ended 100 years of Democratic rule by electing Sonny Purdue, the first Republican governor since Reconstruction .
1996 Olympic Games
The games of the XXVI Olympiad were
held in Atlanta in 1996.
The Olympics brought four long-term
benefits to the state.
1) millions of dollars were spent to
create world-class competition facilities
2) The Olympics brought international
recognition to Atlanta.
1996 Olympic Games
3) The Olympics brought volunteer
programs , educational and training
programs, and employment
opportunities to thousands of Georgia’s
citizens.
4) The economic impact of the
Olympic Games brought millions of
dollars into Georgia’s economy.
Evaluate the effect of the 1996 Olympic Games on Georgia.
Improved Economics
$1 billion – public donated
Ticket sales/corporate sponsorships
New hotel rooms built (7500) Total of 60,000 rooms in Atlanta area
Themed restaurants opened opening ceremonies
City Improvements – millions from Federal Government (sidewalks, street lighting, roads, signs, trees, and public parks)
Spaced leased to venders along the streets
Immigrants
GA is known throughout the world
as a leader in the production of
carpet. There are many carpet
mills and sales outlets for this
thriving industry in NW Georgia.
Georgia centered this industry
around the city of Dalton (in
Whitfield County).
Immigrants continued
As the industry grew, many jobs have
become available.
Many of these jobs were filled by people
from Mexico and other Latin American
countries.
The number of Hispanic immigrants has
been so large in some areas that they
constitute a majority in some school
districts.
Immigrants continued
Immigrant populations impact
Georgia’s economy in a large way.
Churches and ethnic businesses
have sprung up in many towns to
serve these people in areas
(bringing religious diversity to
communities).
Major League Sports
Atlanta business and civic leaders
of the 1960s decided to bring
professional sports teams to
Atlanta to improve Atlanta’s
image and generate millions of
dollars each year in revenue.
Major League Sports in Atlanta
Baseball- Braves (came to Atlanta from Milwaukee in 1966. Plays at Turner Field)
Football- Falcons (came to Atlanta in 1966 as a league expansion team. Plays in GA Dome)
Basketball- Hawks (came to Atlanta in 1968 from St. Louis. Plays in Phillips Arena)
Hockey- Thrashers (came to Atlanta in 1997 as a league expansion team. Plays in Phillips Arena)
Major League Sports in Atlanta
Permanent changes Low-income housing converted
to apartments &lofts to house athletes.
Individuals purchased housing/returned to city
Centennial Olympic Park – more green space
Centennial Olympic Game Museum
Atlanta's sports facilities - replaced or upgraded
International Tourism
increased
Number of conventions
increased