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Europe’s bio-based and circular economies:
[email protected] Rio de Janeiro April 2016
Standards and regulation
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Mandated standardisation – Voluntary trade documents
Directives – Centrally determined targets
Regulation – Enforced laws
Bio-based products
Renewable energy, emissions, waste, and the circular economy
REACH, CLPIncreasing authority
europa.eu/eu-law/decision-making/legal-acts/index_en.htm
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REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)
ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/reach/reach_en.htm
Trichloroethylene, sunset date: 21/04/2016
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REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)
www3.kemi.se/en/Content/Statistics/Statistics-in-brief/Statistics-in-brief---Products-and-sectors/Solvents/
Swedish chlorinated solvent use
Law passed in 1991Implemented
1996
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REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)
Policy Instruments for Environmental and Natural Resource Management, by T. Sterner and J. Coria; Economic Instruments in Chemicals Policy: Past Experiences and Prospects for Future Use, by Patrik Söderholm; D. Slunge and T. Sterner, European Environment, 2001, 11, 281; The effect of different regulatory schemes taking the use of trichloroethylene in Sweden and Germany as an example, by F. Birkenfeld et al.
Elsewhere in Europe…
Norway placed a tax on TCE at 300-500% of marketprice (2000)
Germany created very strict TCE emissionlimits to discourage use and requirementsto only use closed systems (1986)
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REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)
eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1448547555782&uri=OJ:JOC_2015_392_R_0006
Two TCE REACH authorisations were granted last year(17 more pending, 7-12 year authorisation periods expected)
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REACHRegulation (EC 1907/2006)
echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/authorisation/the-candidate-listecha.europa.eu/candidate-list-table
Substances of Very High Concern (SVHC)An opportunity for bio-based products?
NO2
O
O
O
O
OO
NN
NH2
OS
O
O O
O
N
O
H
Cl
ClCl
H2N NH2
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Bio-based product standardisation www.cen.eu/work/products/ENs/Pages/default.aspx
A standard provides harmonised rules, guidelines or characteristics for products, activities, and test results.
Rather technical and mostly unknown to the public, standards are often perceived as boring and not particularly relevant, but are actually crucial in facilitating trade.
Benefits from standardization:• mutual understanding• increased product safety and quality
assurance• lower transaction costs and prices.
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Open-bio is developing test methods and recommendations for European standards describing bio-based content, biodegradation, recycling strategies, as well as labelling and procurement tools, and evaluating social acceptance. www.biobasedeconomy.eu/research/open-bio
• Our goal is to assist the growth of the European bio-based product market.
• Started in November 2014 as a 3 year EC-funded FP7 project.
Bio-based product standardisation
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co-normative research
pre-normative researchResearch
results
TC 411normative action
Questions
Answers
Answers
Bio-based product standardisation
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Fossil reserves
Not recirculated
Sustainability criteria (EN 16751)
Bio-based content (CEN/TS 16640 & EN 16785-1)
End-of-life options:•Mechanical recycling
•Chemical recycling
•Biodegradation
renewrecycle
reuse
Vertical standards (e.g. CEN/TS 16766), communication templates (e.g. FprEN 16848) & LCA (EN 16760)
www.cen.eu/work/areas/chemical/biobased/Pages/default.aspx
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Performance Bio-based content
HSE Sustainability
Bio-based solventsCEN/TS 16766
At least 25% bio-based carbon• Class A: ≥95%• Class B: ≥50%• Class C: ≥25%
Provide data but no threshold values:• Polarity• Volatility• Colour
• Density• Viscosity
No harsher than REACH and GHS/CLP
No extra barriers for bio-based solvents
Sustainable biomass must be used, and optionally the
production phase assessed
Bio-based product standardisation
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How to unify these ‘green’ EU economic strategies?
Circular economy (general legislated targets)
ec.europa.eu/environment/circular-economy/index_en.htm
Reduce food waste and
marine litter
Increase recycling and re-use of municipal
waste to 65%
Maximum landfilling
rate of 10%
Bio-based economy (standardised product descriptions)
www.biobasedeconomy.eu
Biomass
Products
Some end-of-life
requirements for certain products
Bio-based product standardisation
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Recirculated:Returned to use within a certain timeframe by an anthropogenic process and/or a natural process.
Open-Bio D3.4 Definitions for renewable elements and renewable molecules
Cycles
Renewable:Comes from renewable resources and is returned to use within a certain timeframe by a natural process.
Returned to use within a certain timeframe by an anthropogenic process.
Recyclable:
Reusable:Returned to use within a certain timeframe without modification to the parent article or loss of performance.
Report available online at http://www.biobasedeconomy.eu/research/open-bio/publications
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Thank [email protected]/profile/James_Sherwood2
http://www.slideshare.net/JamesSherwood2blogs.rsc.org/gc/author/sherwoodj
http://www.york.ac.uk/res/s4/twitter.com/S4_Solvents www.york.ac.uk/chemistry/research/green