![Page 1: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Static Routing
Last Update 2011.05.15
1.3.0
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
![Page 2: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Objectives
• Learn what a static route is
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
2
![Page 3: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Static Routing
• A static route is a route added to the routing table by the administrator using the keyboard
• For example– ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
• This command says to send everything that does not belong on one of the directly connected networks out the serial 0 port
• It is then the problem of the router at the other end of the line to deal with this packet
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
3
![Page 4: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why Use a Static Route
• A common use of a static route is a stub network
• This is a network at the end of the line• Such as
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
4
![Page 5: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Stub Network
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
5
![Page 6: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IP Route Command
• The ip route command is used to enter a static route into the routing table
• The form of the command is– ip route– Network address– Subnet mask– The way out of the network– For example
• ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.
www.chipps.com6
![Page 7: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IP Route Command
• The command is read this way– ip route
• Tells the router you are about to enter a route into the routing table by using the keyboard
– 0.0.0.0• Means any ip address matches
– 0.0.0.0• Means any subnet address matches
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
7
![Page 8: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IP Route Command
– s0• Tells the router to send everything that does not
belong on the directly connected local area network out the serial 0 port
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
8
![Page 9: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Static Route in Routing Table
• Here is what a static route looks like in the routing table
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
9
![Page 10: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Static Route in Routing Table
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
10
![Page 11: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IP Route Command
• Notice that the ip route command shown just above ends differently than the first one shown
• In this form it does not state the name of the interface of the router through which the packets should be sent
• Rather it shows the ip address of the interface of the router on the other end of the connection
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
11
![Page 12: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IP Route Command
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
12
![Page 13: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Recursive Route Lookup
• When the next router’s ip address is specified as the exit point the router must do a two step lookup
• First, the route for the packet must be determined
• Then the exit interface for that route must be determined
• This two step process is referred to as a recursive lookup, which should be avoided
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
13
![Page 14: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Modifying Static Routes
• A static route cannot actually be modified• To alter a static route
– Delete the existing route– Enter the new route
• To delete the static route precede the command with no– no ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
14
![Page 15: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Verifying Static Routes
• Two show commands are used to verify the static routes– show ip route
• This displays the routing table
– show running-config• This shows what you really entered regardless of
what you think you entered
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
15
![Page 16: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Configuration
• In this section of the chapter Cisco expands on the basic configuration steps introduced in chapter 1
• Therefore, we will expand on this topic as well now
• When a router is booted– All interfaces are turned off– The routing table is empty
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
16
![Page 17: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
17
• A basic router configuration is very simple– Go to global configuration level– Activate the directly connected interfaces– Populate the routing table
• Let’s look at an example
![Page 18: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
18
![Page 19: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
19
• For Router A• Go to global configuration level
• enable• configure terminal
• Activate the directly connected interfaces• interface e0• ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0• no shutdown
![Page 20: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
20
• interface s0• ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0• no shutdown• exit
– Populate the routing table• router rip• network 192.168.1.0• network 192.168.2.0• end
![Page 21: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
21
• For Router B• Go to global configuration level
• enable• configure terminal
• Activate the directly connected interfaces• interface e0• ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0• no shutdown
![Page 22: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
22
• interface s0• ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0• no shutdown• exit
– Populate the routing table• router rip• network 192.168.2.0• network 192.168.3.0• End
![Page 23: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
23
• Pretty easy isn’t it• Of course in practice we would add
additional commands such as passwords, hostname, and interface descriptions
![Page 24: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Basic Router Configuration
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
24
• Notice two important aspects of basic router configuration– An interface requires two things to activate it
• An ip address and subnet mask• The no shutdown command
– The only networks advertised are those directly connected to the router using a cable
![Page 25: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Only in the Lab
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
25
• When a serial link is used in a lab environment, but never in the real world– One side of a serial connection must be
designated the DCE side– This also requires placing a clocking signal on
that interface• R1(config)#interface serial 0/0• R1(config-if)#clockrate 64000
– Because serial interfaces require a clock signal to control the timing of the signal
![Page 26: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Lab
• Start Packet Tracer• Do Packet Tracer Activity 2.2.3.3
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
26
![Page 27: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lab
• Start Packet Tracer• Do Packet Tracer Activity 2.3.1.3
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
27
![Page 28: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Lab
• Start Packet Tracer• Do Packet Tracer Activity 2.6.2.3
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
28
![Page 29: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Examining What Was Done
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
29
• Various show and debug commands are used to see what you really did to the router
• It does not matter what you think you typed, you use show commands to see what you really entered
• Such as
![Page 30: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Show Commands
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
30
• show running-config– To show the configuration stored in RAM
• show protocols– For a quick look at the status of the interfaces
• show interfaces– To show the status of an interface
• show ip interface brief– To show a portion of the interface information
![Page 31: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Show Commands
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
31
• show controllers serial 0/0– For each physical interfaces being used
• show ip route– To view the routing table
![Page 32: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CDP
• Cisco likes the CDP – Cisco Discovery Protocol because Cisco invented it
• Its purpose is to discover the Cisco devices connected to a network
• Of course if you are the network administrator, and you do not know what devices are connected to your network, you have a major problem already
• CDP operates at layer 2Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D.
www.chipps.com32
![Page 33: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CDP Commands
• Common CDP commands include– Show cdp neighbors command which displays
• Neighbor device ID• Local interface• Holdtime value, in seconds• Neighbor device capability code• Neighbor hardware platform• Neighbor remote port ID
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
33
![Page 34: Static Routing Last Update 2011.05.15 1.3.0 1Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d9c5503460f94a85743/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CDP Commands
• To disable CDP– Router(config)#no cdp run
Copyright 2008-2011 Kenneth M. Chipps Ph.D. www.chipps.com
34