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By: Parshant BakshiAssociate Professor, Fruit Science – SKUAST - J
TrainingKVK, Jammu, R.S. Pura.13th March, 2015
Status of Protected Cultivation in India and Abroad
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• Introduction
• Protected structures for fruit crops
•Uses of Protected structures
• Insect proof house
• Types of Protected structures
•Hi-Tech Green house
Contents
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Introduction
Protected cultivation can be defined as a cropping technique where the micro climate surrounding the plant body is controlled partially/fully as per the requirement of the plant species grown during their period of growth.
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Why to have cultivation of protected structure
• Crops could be grown under inclement climatic conditions when it is not possible to grow in open field.
• Efficient utilization of precious inputs like water and nutrients.
• Early nursery and early cropping.
• Superior quality of the produce.
• Effective control against diseases, insect pests.
• Reduced expenditure on weed control.
• Protection against heavy rains, hails, birds etc.
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Protected cultivation: An overview in India and Abroad
• In India, protected cultivation technology for commercial production is hardly three decades old.
- Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)
• In developed countries viz., Japan, Holland, Russia, UK, China and others, it is about two century old.
• China started protected cultivation in 1990’s and today the area under protected cultivation in China is more than 2.5 m ha and 90 per cent area is under vegetables
• Israel is one country which has taken big advantage of this technology by producing quality fruits, vegetables, flowers, etc. in water deficit desert area
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Protected cultivation: An overview in India and Abroad
• Several thousand acres are now under glass in the United States and equally large area in England and Holland, where horticulture under glass was practiced over a century ago.
• The international associations with countries such as Israel are expected to act as a major boost to the protected cultivation in India.
• The total greenhouse area in India at the end of ninth plan period was estimated to be 800 ha. Ladakh region of J&K has the maximum number of units i.e. more than 14,000 and each unit is about 50 sq. mt.
• In Himachal Pradesh, the total area under protected cultivation has been estimated to be 137 ha.
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Protected structures for Fruit crops
Plastic Tunnel
i.High tunnelii.Low tunnel
Greenhouse
Net house
Plastic Mulch
Lath house
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Protected structures
HIGH TUNNEL LOW TUNNEL
NET HOUSE POLYHOUSE
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Uses of protected structure
Propagationi.Raising of seedlingii. Runner production in Strawberryiii. Buddingiv. Grafting
Production
Protectioni. Frostii. Heatiii. Rain and hailiv. Pest and diseases
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Uses of protected structure
Planting material Propagation Strawberry
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Quality planting material
Mango Aonla
Guava
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Insect Net Houses
50,000 virus free kinnow plants produced and sold to farmers
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In Hisar, Haryana
3.0 lakh root-stock prepared under soil less media for citrus 50,000 papaya plants produced under protected cultivation
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Citrus and pomegranate plants grown under protected cultivation
Citrus Pomegranate
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Types of protected structure
Wooden framed structurePipe framed structure
Truss framed structure
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Green house types: Based on covering material
Glass glazing
Fibre glass reinforced plastic (FRP) glazing
Plastic film
i.UV stabilized film
ii. Net house
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Green house types: Based on covering material
High costMedium cost
Low cost
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Environmental parameters in Polyhouse
In our surrounding atmosphere CO2 conc. is 0.03% means 300 ppm. Plants use this CO2 for photosynthesis.
In poly house, during night time there is no photosynthesis but CO2 is given out through respiration.
This CO2 remain accumulated around plants hence the CO2 conc. is higher inside the polyhouse as compared to outside and this CO2 is again used by plants growing in poly house for rapid photosynthesis.
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For healthy and maximum growth of plant, the temperature requirement is between 260C to 300C during day time and 150C to 180C in night.
The frame work of poly house is covered by polythene hence inner temperature can rise up to 400C.
To control the temperature inside the poly house, ventilation as well as cooling pads and fans are used.
Environmental parameters in Polyhouse
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Active heating
Active cooling
Utility of Greenhouse
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Light in polyhouse
Light is the most critical factor in polyhouse.
The brightness of light is measured in lux.
In polyhouse technology light is controlled in such a way that plant receive maximum visible light and remaining light get reflected back i.e. outside the polyhouse.
For healthy growth of crop in poly house, minimum requirement of light is 50,000 to 60,000 lux.
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Hi-Tech Green House
Greenhouse technology is the most practical way of achieving the goal of protected cultivation
A greenhouse is a framed structure covered with transparent or translucent material (usually U.V. stabilized) wherein the environment could be modified suitable for the propagation or growing of plants.
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Hanging Strawberry
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Strategies for boosting production in protected structures
Assurance of Quality seeds/nursery/ other planting material suitable for protected structures Regular uninterrupted power supply to maintain optimal growing conditions in protected structures.
Self help group with scientific support for multiplication of quality planting material, Large-scale motivation and training of educated unemployed youths in the field of protected cultivation.
Government should support needs to be extended for self fabrication module of temporary low cost structures. Large-scale promotion of low pressure drip irrigation system should be ensured for low-cost small-scale protected cultivation.
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Thank You