3
The utilisation of renewable resources becomes all the more important
when rising to the challenge of sustainable development. The use of
fuels that have a neutral CO2 balance helps slow down climate change
and brings greater financial advantages.
During the last few years, fluidised bed combustion has been one of
the most popular combustion techniques in Scandinavian multi-fuel bio-
energy boilers. Fluidised bed boilers enable the efficient combustion of
a wide range of different solid combustibles. This brings flexibility and
financial advantages in the utilisation of the fluidised bed plant. With the
help of an efficient and modern combustion system, the plant emissions
are extremely low.
The Steamtec fluidised bed solution of Vapor Finland enables the efficient
and ecological utilisation of biomass and recycled combustibles in the
power range of 5 – 100 MW. Whether it is about the production of district
heat, process steam or electricity, our expertise in design allows us to of-
fer tailored boiler plants to meet the exact needs of our customers.
Vapor wants to participate in the life of the boiler plant also after the deliv-
ery. We offer maintenance services for the plants, so that our customers
can concentrate on their core area of expertise, the production of energy.
We can also design and carry out alteration work on old boilers. In ad-
dition, we offer know-how and deliver systems in the remote control and
monitoring of boiler plants.
Turn to Vapor for comprehensive know-how in the energy industry!
A WIDE RANGE OF SOLUTIONS FOR UTILISING BIOMASS
Bed Sand
Start-up burner
Refractory
Primary air nozzle
Bottom ash
Bottom tube
Wind boxBottom ash conveyor
Container
Secondary air nozzle
Bottom ash discharge duct
Gate valve
Wall tube
FURNACEFuel feeding chute
5
In the fluidised bed boiler, the fluidisation is generated by introducing a
flow of preheated air through the grate’s air nozzles, which makes the
sand bed become fluidised. The biomass fuel is added to the sand bed
by a fuel feed system, which is located above the fluidised bed. The
preheated air acts as the primary combustion air. Additional combustion
air is injected into the upper combustion zone of the furnace to burn the
pyrolysis gases efficiently. The sand bed enhances the mixing of fuel
and the transfer of heat.
The Steamtec fluidised bed plant utilises a natural circulation boiler with
a water pipe structure in which the water-cooled bed grate is integrated
with the pressure vessel of the boiler. This reliable and low-maintenance
structure can be utilised in the combined generation of electricity and
heat (CHP) and in the generation of district heat and process steam.
Our technique includes the efficient removal of coarse material (metal,
stones, concrete) off the grate. The proportion of the opening to the area
of the grate is roughly a third, which leads to a better usability than in
the most typical fluidised bed boilers available on the market. In order
to minimize emissions, it is always ensured that the dwell time of the
combustion gases in the furnace is sufficient.
THE STEAMTEC FLUIDISED BED TECHNIQUEEFFICIENT UTILISATION OF BIOMASS
START-UP
FURNACE
ECONOMIZER
SEC. PASS
THIRD PASS
BOILER-BANK
PRIMARYSUPERHEAT.
SECONDARYSUPERHEAT.
TERTIARYSUPERHEAT.
MCOOLING WATER
ASH CONVEYOR
M
SECONDARY AIR FAN
M
MM
MM
M
M
FUEL SILO
SANDSILO
PRIMARY AIR FAN
M
FUELBIN
BURNER
ASHCONTAINER
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PROVEN PLANT TECHNIQUE TO MEET THE CUSTOMER’S NEEDSThe figure clarifies the operating principles of the power plant. On
the basis of a careful mapping of the customer’s needs, Vapor
offers its customers the correct delivery and process design.
ONOMIZER
E.S.P.
GTURBINE
FEED WATER TANK
RAW WATER
DEMINERALIZATION
FEED WATER PUMPS
FLUE GAS FAN
M
STACK
M
M
FLY ASHSILO
M
BLOW DOWN TANKM
M
CONTINUOS BLOW DOWN TANK
M
M
MAKE-UP WATER TANK
DISTRICT HEATEXCHANGER
MAKE-UPWATER PUMPS
7
9
Vapor Finland offers Steamtec technique in a ready-made, functional
plant. The project content usually covers the installation of all equipment
and systems connected to the operation of the plant:
• Power plant design and detailed engineering
• The fuel reception area, handling and introduction
• Ash removal and handling
• Steam boiler / hot water boiler
• Turbine generator
• Accessory equipment and systems
• Electrification, instrumentation, automation
• Boiler construction
• Complete Power plant construction, project management
and site supervision
• Erection, commissioning, training, maintenance services
Our cooperation network encompasses the leading component and sys-
tem manufacturers of the energy business. Therefore, also in the case
of accessory equipment, Vapor plant delivery is complemented by the
best know-how in the business.
POWER RANGES AND PRODUCT LAYOUTSeven ready-tailored Steamtec fluidised bed plants are available with-
in the standard power range of 5 – 100 MW. In addition to the standard
power range, solutions can be tailored according to the customer’s
specific needs.
All power ranges are available for heat and steam plants. We also offer
power plants for the combined generation of heat and electricity (CHP)
up from 12 MW.
A COMPREHENSIVE DELIVERY IN ALL SIZE RANGES
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The bubbling fluidised bed boiler is excellent for multi-fuel usage. The fuel
mixture can contain several different combustibles from wood-based and agri-
culture based combustibles to recyclable combustibles and peat.
SUITABLE COMBUSTIBLESThe most typical combustibles in our solutions are wood-based combus-
tibles, such as wood chips, bark and sawdust. Other suitable combustibles
are milled and sod peat. As a side flow, waste and recyclable combustibles,
reed canary grass, straw, coal and various types of sludge can also be uti-
lised. We always offer fuel handling equipment according to the require-
ments of the customer’s range of combustibles.
The Steamtec fluidised bed solution allows the use of wet combustibles,
such as moisture contents of 65 % for wood and up to 70 % for milled peat,
without auxiliary combustion. Normally, the moisture content of the combus-
tibles varies between 35 – 65 %.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PLANTThe Steamtec fluidised bed solution is an overall economical solution. The
usability of the so-called difficult combustibles is excellent in our fluidised
bed solutions. This can be clearly seen when using, for example, recycled
wood, because the Steamtec fluidised bed grate’s ability to utilise combus-
tibles containing a significant amount of metal impurities is remarkably good.
These fuels are available at low-cost. On the other hand, our combustion
solution also enables the utilisation of combustibles with very low calorific
value, which also directly leads to more cost-effective energy production
The advantages of the Steamtec fluidised bed combustion include low emissions
of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides, as well as a high level of
efficiency. Moreover, the structure of the boiler is simple and low-maintenance.
The fluidised bed combustion is a modern way of utilising biomass, peat
and recycled fuels.
• The level of efficiency is typically over 90 %.
• Usability 95 – 97 %.
• An extremely low percentage of unburned hydrocarbons and CO.
• Good turn down ratio 1:5.
• Low level of emissions.
• A mechanically simple and low-maintenance solution.
• Long service life.
SUITABLE COMBUSTIBLES AND BENEFITS OF THE PLANT
VAPOR FINLAND OY • Messipojantie 20, FI-90520 OULU, FINLAND Tel. +358 8 561 2500 • Fax +358 8 561 2511 [email protected] • [email protected] • www.vaporfinland.com