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Stephen E. LucasStephen E. Lucas
C H A P T E RC H A P T E R
McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication
Communication based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.
Communication based on a person’s use of voice and body, rather than on the use of words.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Methods of Speech DeliveryMethods of Speech Delivery• Manuscript• Memory• Impromptu• Extemporaneous
• Manuscript• Memory• Impromptu• Extemporaneous
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Manuscript SpeechManuscript Speech
A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Impromptu SpeechImpromptu Speech
A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.A speech delivered with little or no immediate preparation.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Extemporaneous SpeechExtemporaneous Speech
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
A carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Impromptu ExtemporaneousImpromptu Extemporaneous
Little or no immediate preparation
Little or no immediate preparation
Fully prepared, delivered from brief notes
Fully prepared, delivered from brief notes
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Conversational QualityConversational Quality
Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
Presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
The Speaker’s VoiceThe Speaker’s Voice
• Volume
• Pitch
• Rate
• Pauses
• Volume
• Pitch
• Rate
• Pauses
• Vocal variety
• Pronunciation
• Articulation
• Dialect
• Vocal variety
• Pronunciation
• Articulation
• Dialect
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
VolumeVolume
The loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.The loudness or softness of the speaker’s voice.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
PitchPitch
The highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.The highness or lowness of the speaker’s voice.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
RateRate
The speed at which a person speaks.The speed at which a person speaks.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
PausesPauses
A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech.A momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Vocalized PausesVocalized Pauses
Pauses that occur when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as “uh,” “er,” and “um.”
Pauses that occur when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as “uh,” “er,” and “um.”
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Vocal VarietyVocal Variety
Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness.
Changes in a speaker’s rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
PronunciationPronunciation
The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.The accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
ArticulationArticulation
The physical production of particular speech sounds.The physical production of particular speech sounds.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
DialectDialect
A variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.
A variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
The Speaker’s BodyThe Speaker’s Body
• Personal appearance
• Movement
• Gestures
• Eye contact
• Personal appearance
• Movement
• Gestures
• Eye contact
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
KinesicsKinesics
The study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication. The study of body motions as a systematic mode of communication.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Practicing DeliveryPracticing Delivery• Go through your preparation outline
aloud to see how it translates into spoken discourse.
• Prepare your speaking outline.• Practice the speech aloud several times.• Polish and refine your delivery.• Give your speech a dress rehearsal.
• Go through your preparation outline aloud to see how it translates into spoken discourse.
• Prepare your speaking outline.• Practice the speech aloud several times.• Polish and refine your delivery.• Give your speech a dress rehearsal.
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Preparing for a Question-and-Answer Session
Preparing for a Question-and-Answer Session
• Formulate answers to possible questions
• Practice the delivery of your answers
• Formulate answers to possible questions
• Practice the delivery of your answers
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.
Managing a Question-and-Answer Session
Managing a Question-and-Answer Session
• Clarify the format• Approach questions with a positive
attitude• Listen carefully• Direct answers to the entire audience• Be honest and straightforward• Stay on track
• Clarify the format• Approach questions with a positive
attitude• Listen carefully• Direct answers to the entire audience• Be honest and straightforward• Stay on track
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McGraw-HillMcGraw-Hill © 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.© 2007 Stephen E. Lucas. All rights reserved.