Download - STRENGTH TRAINING “A Historical Perspective”
STRENGTH TRAININGSTRENGTH TRAINING“A Historical Perspective”“A Historical Perspective”
John BalanoJohn BalanoCity College of San Francisco City College of San Francisco
Head Strength and Conditioning CoachHead Strength and Conditioning Coach
LIFTING WEIGHTSLIFTING WEIGHTS
Oldest known form of sport to manOldest known form of sport to man
All civilizations have legends associated All civilizations have legends associated with feats of strengthwith feats of strength
Milo of Crotona (Italy) is most famousMilo of Crotona (Italy) is most famous
MILOMILO
Carried 4-year old bull on his shoulders Carried 4-year old bull on his shoulders the length of the stadium at Olympiathe length of the stadium at Olympia
A length of 200mA length of 200m
Bull estimated to weigh 400kg (Bull estimated to weigh 400kg (≈ 900+ #)≈ 900+ #)
Carried the bull until it was 4-years oldCarried the bull until it was 4-years old
Progressive Resistance TrainingProgressive Resistance Training
MODERN OLYMPICSMODERN OLYMPICS
One of the One of the originaloriginal sports (circa 1986) sports (circa 1986)
Adopted in its modern form in 1928Adopted in its modern form in 1928
Press – Snatch – JerkPress – Snatch – Jerk
Press omitted in 1972Press omitted in 1972
Snatch – Clean and JerkSnatch – Clean and Jerk
OLYMPIC PRESSOLYMPIC PRESS
OLYMPIC SNATCHOLYMPIC SNATCH
Receiving PositionReceiving Position
OLYMPIC JERKOLYMPIC JERK
Slight Knee Bend to StartSlight Knee Bend to Start
OLYMPIC JERKOLYMPIC JERK
End PositionEnd Position
OLYMPIC SNATCHOLYMPIC SNATCH
USA’s Shane Hamman USA’s Shane Hamman 418 lb. Snatch418 lb. Snatch
(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)
Start PhaseStart Phase
Pull PhasePull Phase
Rising out of the Rising out of the Receiving PositionReceiving Position
Canada’s Cara Heads Canada’s Cara Heads at 75 kg/165 lbsat 75 kg/165 lbs
Receiving PositionReceiving Position of the of theOlympic SnatchOlympic Snatch
(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)
USA’s Tara Cunningham USA’s Tara Cunningham at 53 kg/116 lbs at 53 kg/116 lbs
Drop PhaseDrop Phase of the of theOlympic SnatchOlympic Snatch
(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)
Tara CunninghamTara Cunningham
Finish PositionFinish Position of the of theOlympic SnatchOlympic Snatch
OLYMPIC CLEANOLYMPIC CLEAN
Start PositionStart Position
OLYMPIC CLEANOLYMPIC CLEAN
Pull PhasePull Phase
OLYMPIC CLEANOLYMPIC CLEAN
Receiving PositionReceiving Position
OLYMPIC CLEANOLYMPIC CLEAN
USA’s Oscar Chaplin USA’s Oscar Chaplin at 85 kg/187 lbs at 85 kg/187 lbs
Rising Out of the Rising Out of the Receiving PositionReceiving Position
(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)(2003 Titan Games – San Jose, CA)
SPLIT JERK POSITIONSPLIT JERK POSITION
Canada’s Maryse TurcotteCanada’s Maryse Turcotte
POWERLIFTINGPOWERLIFTING
NotNot an Olympic sport an Olympic sport
Competitive status in the 1960’sCompetitive status in the 1960’s
Bench Press – Squat – Dead LiftBench Press – Squat – Dead Lift
More popular than Olympic WeightliftingMore popular than Olympic Weightlifting
Associated with BodybuildingAssociated with Bodybuilding
BENCH PRESSBENCH PRESS
SQUATSQUAT
DEAD LIFTDEAD LIFT
Start PositionStart Position
DEAD LIFTDEAD LIFT
Finish PositionFinish Position
WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORTWEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT
1870’S Track and Field1870’S Track and Field
W.B. Curtis (Hammer)W.B. Curtis (Hammer)
H.E. Buermeyer (Shot)H.E. Buermeyer (Shot)
Titles in United States same time as Titles in United States same time as competitive weightlifterscompetitive weightlifters
1936 German 1936 German Olympic TeamOlympic Team
Gold Medalist Hans Gold Medalist Hans Woelke (16.20m shot)Woelke (16.20m shot)
WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT (continued…)(continued…)
Les Steers, USALes Steers, USA
3 x WR in High Jump3 x WR in High Jump
Best of 2.11mBest of 2.11m
1st athlete to publicly go on record about 1st athlete to publicly go on record about barbell trainingbarbell training
LES STEERSLES STEERS(Picture circa 1941)(Picture circa 1941)
““You need strong You need strong leg muscles in the leg muscles in the high jump, high jump, particularly when particularly when you weight as you weight as much as I do. Only much as I do. Only weight-lifting could weight-lifting could have given me that have given me that extra power I need extra power I need so much.”so much.”
WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT (continued…)(continued…)
Mal Whitfield, USA – 800mMal Whitfield, USA – 800m
Bob Richards, USA – Pole VaultBob Richards, USA – Pole Vault
Parry O’Brien, USA – ShotParry O’Brien, USA – Shot
1948 – 19561948 – 1956
6 Olympic Gold Medals collectively6 Olympic Gold Medals collectively
PARRY O’BRIENPARRY O’BRIEN(Picture from 1956 Olympics – Melbourne, AUS)(Picture from 1956 Olympics – Melbourne, AUS)
O’Brien received O’Brien received much media attention much media attention for his technical for his technical innovation and innovation and dependence upon dependence upon heavy progressive heavy progressive weight trainingweight training
WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT WEIGHT TRAINING AND SPORT (continued…)(continued…)
Pre-1950’s and the Pre-1950’s and the muscle boundmuscle bound athlete athlete
Coaches and systematic programsCoaches and systematic programs
Benefits to athletesBenefits to athletes
Viennese born ex-skier Franz Stampfl, Viennese born ex-skier Franz Stampfl, track and field coach, openly declared his track and field coach, openly declared his belief in barbell trainingbelief in barbell training
Franz Stampfl coached Ralph Doubell (pictured in 1968 Franz Stampfl coached Ralph Doubell (pictured in 1968 Olympics 800m final) the last Australian Olympic ChampionOlympics 800m final) the last Australian Olympic Champion
““Muscular strength is the determining factor, particularly Muscular strength is the determining factor, particularly in all movements where explosive speed and perfect in all movements where explosive speed and perfect balance are vital to first rate performances. Weight-balance are vital to first rate performances. Weight-training should be part and parcel of the training program training should be part and parcel of the training program of every athlete.” – of every athlete.” – Franz SampflFranz Sampfl