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Summary of MajorCivil War Battles
Western & Eastern
Campaigns
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Fight for Missouri
Battle of Wilson’s Creek – Aug. 1861
• U: Nathaniel Lyon• C: Sterling Price
– Lyons outnumbered w to 1
– 1200 casualties– Southern half of Miss.
Fell to Confeds
Battle of Pea Ridge – March 1862
• U: Major Gen. Sam Curtis
• C: Earl Van Dorn– Union victory– U suffered twice
casualties as C– Decided fate of
Missouri as Union
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Grants Early Victories
• Mill Springs, Jan. 1862 - Kentucky
• Battles at Ft. Henry and Donelson, Feb.6, 1862– Defensive forts erected by C along Tenn &
Cumberland Rivers– Engaged his former roomate General Simon
Buckner
• “Unconditional Surrender” Grant
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The Battle of Shiloh
• April 6-7, 1862 • U: Grant, 42000• C: Albert Sidney Johnston,
Beauregard• 2 days of fighting, Union
General Buell arrived with reinforcements (@30,000)
• Nathan Bedford Forest – cavalry charge at Shiloh
• Union victory• @ 23000 casualties, a
number greater than all Americans fought in wars combined
Southwestern TennPittsburg Landing
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The Battle for New Orleans
• April 25, 1862: Union officer David Farragut led the successful assault on New Orleans
• Pushed North and captured Natchez, Mississippi
• By June, only 2 major ports on Miss. River now remain in Confederate hands– Vicksburg, MS and Port Hudson, LA
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Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irvin McDowell
George McClellan
Henry W. Halleck
John Pope
McClellan Again
Ambrose Burnside
Joseph Hooker
George Meade
Ulysses S. Grant
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War in the East
The Peninsular Campaign – McClellan’s attempt to capture Richmond, VA
• Efficient military leader, but overly cautious
• Hit Richmond from Southeast
• April 1862, lay siege to Yorktown
• May 1862 Battle of Seven Pines– U: McClellan C: Joseph Johnston (Union Vic)
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War in East
• The Seven Day’s Battle (June 25-July 1, 1862)– McClellan vs. Lee (Jackson)– James Jeb Stuart gatherer on info.– McClellan is pushed back from Richmond– Peninsular Campaign fails – McClellan is
sacked and Halleck takes over – U casualties: 16,000 C casualties: 20,000, but
Confed. victory
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War in the East
Second Battle of Bull Run – Aug. 30, 1862- U: General Pope C: Lee, Jackson, James Longstreet- Pope encounters Lee on way to Richmond- Halleck unable to motivate McClellan to reinforce
Pope in timely manner- Pope pushed all the way back to Washington D.C
- U casualties: @13,380 C casualties: @8000
- Pope is sacked as Field Commander, Halleck is also sacked.
- McClellan reinstated!
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Battle of Antietam-Sept. 17, 1862Sharpsburg, MD
• U: McClellan (Burnside, Hooker) @87,000
• C: Lee (Longstreet, Jackson) @ 40,000
• Lee’s 1st attempt to invade the North
• “Bloodiest single day of the War”• Very important battle for foreign
aid for Confederates• Dead and wounded exceed 10,000
for both sides (@ 23-26K)• A moment that alters history “the
note” – Lee had divided his army to attack Harpers Ferry
• Lee retreats (loses about 25% of his army) but McClellan fails to pursue him
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The Emancipation Proclamation
• Jan. 1, 1863• Free slaves in
confederate states• Encouraged AA to
enlist in Union army (July 1862 law)
• Over 180,000 fought in Union army
• 54th Mass. Infanty
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Battle of Fredericksburg, VA – Dec. 11-13, 1862
• New General – Ambrose Burnside• His strategy: march his 122,000 soldiers
straight toward Richmond• Despite numerical advantage, Union
troops are routed by Lee with severe casualties (Confeds. Had higher ground)– Great slaughter pen – Burnside ordered men
across open plain– 12,000 for Union vs. 5,000 for Confeds.
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Battle of ChancellorsvilleApril 30, 1863
• Burnside transferred out west & replaced by General Joseph “Fighting Joe” Hooker
• Union: 134,000 troops, doubled C• Hooker’s Daring Plan: divide his large army into 3 parts
in order to cut off supply lines and attack flanks• Hooker overly hesitant as well• Lee’s Perfect battle: divided his army and attacked Union
forces from two sides (had @60,000 men)• Confederate Victory • Jackson killed by friendly fire
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Dead at Chancellorsville