Download - Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)
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Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925)
1911 Manchu DynastySun Yat-sen becomes presidentHopes to establish govt. based on the three principles of the people.
1. Nationalism
2. Democracy
3. People’s Livelihood
Overthrow of Manchu Dynasty (1644-1911)
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Era of the Warlords (1916-1926)
Local concentrations of power emergemilitary leaders & local gentry take control of the provinces.
Warlord armies terrorize the countryside.
Millions of peasants die of famine & disease.
Peasants’ desire for land went unresolved; landless grew
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World War I--Asia
Japan:
•Seeking a foothold in China
•1917-China aides allies vs.Germany
•1919 Treaty of Versailles:•Japan gains territory & privileges previously belonging to Germany in China.
•Result: May Fourth Movement
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May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
students protest in Peking.
slogan: ‘Down with the Imperialists’
1. Spreads to other cities
becomes a nationalist movement:
2. Nationalism & anti-imperialist sentiment grow.
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May Fourth Movement: May 4, 1919
Outcome:Create broad based coalition.
Force release of imprisoned studentsdismissal of Japanese officials from govt.reformers turn against Sun Yat-sen’s belief in western democracy.
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Mao Tse-tung
Rise of Marxism & Formation of the CCP
Marxism:Seen as a method to vitalize Chinese peasantry.
Gains acceptance in wake of industrialization.
Capitalism seen as cause of foreign exploitation & aggression.
1921—CCP formed
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KMT and CCP Alliance
Sun Yat-sen organizes the KMT along Bolsheviks lines
1923—Lenin sends military advisors & equipment in return for allowing the CCP to join forces with the KMT.
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Chiang Kai-shek
Break-up of KMT and CCP
1925
Chiang Kai-shek emerges as KMT leader
KMT & CCP forces successfully defeat the Warlords.
1927—Chiang fears CCP and its leaders.
KMT troops overrun Shanghai
Execute CCP leaders & union members.
“Purges” spread to other cities.
Surviving CCP leaders go into hiding.
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Nationalist Republic of China (1928-37)
Chiang Kai-shek becomes President.U.S. & Britain recognizes KMT government
Government becomes dictatorial and corrupt.
•Focuses on modernizing & developing cities.
•Ignores the peasants—life does not improve
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Mao Tse-tung and the Peasants
Recognizes potential.
Organizing soviets to train peasants
Divides CCP land amongst peasants
Wins their loyalty
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Civil War--1930Red Army is a Well trained guerilla army.
1933—700,000 KMT soldiers surround CCP’s stronghold.
•CCP outnumbered 6 to 1.
1934--CCP forces flee for their lives.
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The Long March 1934-35
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WW II begins in ASIA
1937 Japan launches all out invasion of China.
Japanese threat forces a KMT & CCP truce.
CCP under Mao mobilize peasants for guerilla war against Japan
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1942-45 Chiang Kai-shek gathers 2.5 million soldiersReceived 1.5 billion in U.S. money & equipment to fight Japan.
Japan defeated in 1945.
1945—CCP controls No. China & KMT Controls So. China.
Chiang Kai-shek with FDR & Winston Churchill
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Civil War 1946-49
KMT outnumbers CCP
KMT can’t muster popular support
China’s economy collapses
Thousands of KMT soldiers desert
Chiang receives 2.5 billion more in U.S. aid
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Mao Zedong Proclaiming the
People’s Republic of China
1949 Mao’s Red Army takes over China’s Major Cities.
Mao gains control of the country
Chiang Kai-shek & KMT leaders flee to Taiwan
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Credits
Beck, Roger B. et al. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction.Boston: McDougal Littell. 1999.
Craig, Albert M. et al. The Heritage of Western CivilizationsNew Jersey: Prentice-Hall. 2000.
No Author Given. Chinese Photo Gallery. http://www.chinese-gifts.com.hk/index.htm
No Author Given. China. Compton’s Encyclopedia Onlinehttp://www.comptons.com/encyclopedia/ARTICLES/0025/00397568_A.html