Download - SUPERCLASS PISCES
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Kadek Dwi Santi Martini (1313041017)
Meli Sulisdiani (313041018)
I B Made Wiguna Setiawan M (13130410)
Nama
Kelompok
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`INTRODUCTION
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CIRI UMUM PISCES
Hewan berdarah dingin yang hidup di dalam air
Bernapas dengan insang (operculum)
Mempunyai sirip untuk bergerak
Morfologinya terdiri dari kepala, badan, ekor
Hidup di perairan baik di sungai maupun di laut.
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`CLASIFICATION
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KLASIFIKASI IKAN NILA
• Kingdom : Animalia• Filum : Chordata• Sub Filum : Vertebrata• Kelas : Osteichtes• Sub Kelas :
Acanthoptherigii• Ordo :
Percomorphii• Sub Ordo : Percoidae• Famili : Cichlidae• Genus : Oreochromis• Spesies : Oreochromis
niloticus
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`MORFOLOGY
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MORFOLOGI UMUM IKAN NILA
Cauda (Ekor)
Truncus (Badan)
Caput (Kepala)
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Rima oris
(Mulut)
Organon visus (Alatpenglihatan)
Fovea nasalis (Cekunghidung) Operculum (Tutup
insang)
Morfologi Bagian Caput (kepala) ikan Nila
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Pinna dorsalis (sirippunggung)
Squama (sisik)
Pinna pelvicalis(sirip perut)
Pinna pectoral (sirip dada)
Anus
Morfologi Bagian Truncus(badan) ikan Nila
Linea lateralis(gurat sisi)
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Sisik tipe Ctenoid
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Pinna analis (siripbelakang)
Pinna Caudal (ekor)
Morfologi Bagian Caudal
(ekor) ikan Nila
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MORFOLOGI PISCES
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`CHARAKTERISTIS
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CIRI KHAS PISCES
Jantung terdiri atas dua ruang yaitu satuserambi dan satu bilik
Tubuh ikan ditutupi oleh sisik yang licin danberlendir, sehingga dapat bergerak dengancepat di dalam air.
Ikan mempunyai gurat sisi yang berfungsiuntuk mengetahui tekanan
Memiliki organ listrik
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`ANATOMY
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`SKELETAL SYSEM
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Endoskeleton
Eksoskeleton
Notochord
Membranas Skeleton
Axialis
Appendikalis
Scale
Fin
Os Canialis
Os Vertebrales
Os Costales
Intermuskularis Bone
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Neurocranium
Branchiocranium
Rejion Olfactirolus
Region Orbitalis
Region Oticus
Region Mandibularis
Region Branchialis
Region Hyoideus
Osteichthyes
Region Basicranialis
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Maxilla
Mandible
Cartilago Bone
Dermal Bone
Dermal Bone
Cartilago Bone
Os Fremaxillaris
Os Maxilaris
Os Pterygoideus
Os Mesopterygoideus
Osteichthyes continued...
Os Palatine
Os Quandratus
Os Matapterygoideus
Os Pterygoideus
Os Dentratis
Os Articularis
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Fin
Cartilago Bone
Dermal Bone
Os Posttemporal (1 Pasang)
Os Supracleithra (1 Pasang)
Os Cleithra (1 Pasang)
Os Postcleithra (1 Pasang)
Os Coracoides (1 Pasang)
Os Scapula (1 Pasang)
Os Radialis (4 Pasang)
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`MUSCULARIS SYSTEM
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`CIRCULATION SYTEM
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Circulation
Closed System
Chambered Heart
Singgel Loop
Heart Gill Body (Back to Heart)
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Sinus Venosus-sac that collects oxygen poor blood from veins; sends blood toAtrium-large muscular chamber; sends it toVentricle-large muscular chamber that pumps blood; sends it toBulbus Arteriosus-muscular tube that connects toAorta-large blood vessel that sends blood to gills
Fish Heart
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Fish Heart
Sinus Venosus Atrium Bulbus Arteriosus
Ventrikel
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Body
muscle
circulation
Brain and
head
circulation
Heart Digestive system
circulation
Gills
Circulation in a Fish
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`DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
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• Herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders, and detritivores
• Digestive tract: mouthesophagusstomachpyloriccecaintestineanus (solid waste)
• Enzymes added by liver and pancreas
Feeding
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Pancreas
Anus
IntestineStomach Esophagus
Pyloric recum
Liver
Mouth
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`ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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Tiroid
Gonad
Kidney
Ultimobranchial Gland
Urophisis
Puitari
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`RESPIRATION SYSTEM
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Sistem Pernafasan
• Ikan bernafas dengan insang
• Alur pernafasan
Air masuk ke rongga mulut → mulut menutup→ air ditekan dengan bantuan otot – ototpada buccal cavity dan pharynx → menuju keinsang untuk di serap O2-nya oleh filamenbranchialis → kemudian dibuang keluar
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SISTEM PERNAFASAN PADA IKAN BERTULANG KERAS
• Memiliki operculum (tutup insang)
• Pada ujung posterior operculum terdapatlembaran selaput yang disebut MembranBranchiotegalis, merekatkan operculum dengan kulit
• Setelah pengambilan oksigen oleh insang, air akan keluar melalui lubang diujung operculum
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SISTEM PERNAFASAN PADA IKAN BERTULANG KERAS
• Bagian-bagian insang
- Racher branchialis
- Arcus branchialis terdapat arteria efferent
branchialis (keluar insang) dan arteria afferent
branchialis (masuk insang)
- Filamen branchialis sebagai organ respirasi
- Septum branchialis : pendek diantara filamenbranchialis
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SISTEM PERNAFASAN PADA IKAN BERTULANG KERAS
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BAGIAN INSANG
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SISTEM PERNAFASAN PADA IKAN BERTULANG RAWAN
• Tidak memiliki operculum
• Ada celah disamping / lateral kepala → keluarnya air dari rongga mulut setelah respirasi
• Septum branchialisnya panjang
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SISTEM PERNAFASAN PADA IKAN BERTULANG RAWAN
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PERBANDINGAN SISTEN PERNAFASAN TL. KERAS DAN TL. RAWAN
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PERBANDINGAN SISTEN PERNAFASAN TL. KERAS DAN TL. RAWAN
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`OROGENITAL SYSTEM
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Sistem Urogenital
Sistem Ekskresi Sistem Urogenital
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Untuk regulasi kadar air tubuh, menjaga keseimbangan garam, dan
mengeliminasi sisa nitrogen hasilmetabolisme protein
Terdapat 2 tipe ginjal, yaitu : pronephros dan mesonephros
Sistem Ekresi
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Pronephros
• Tipe ginjal yang paling primitif
• Letaknya di depan mesonephros
• Hanya berfungsi pada awal kehidupan(embrio,larva) yang kemudian fungsinyadigantikan oleh mesonephros ketika menjadidewasa
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Mesonephros
• Terdiri dari unit-unit : nephron
• Nepron terdiri dari badan malphigi dan tubuhginjal
• Badan malphigi terdiri dari glomelurus dankapsul bowman
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Proses Ekskresi
Glomerulus dan kapsul Bowman berfungsi untuk menyaring hasil buang
anmetabolik yang terdapat dalam darah
Darah tidak ikut tersaring dan masuk kevena renalis.
Protein tetap bertahan di dalam darah. Selanjutnya cairan ekskretori inikemudian masuk ke tubuli ginjal
Glukosa, beberapa mineral dan cairan(solution) lainnya diserap kembali ke
dalam darah. Dan beberapa hormon ikutberperan dalam penyaringan dan
penyerapan kembali
Akhirnya hasil buang anmetabolikyang tidak tersaring dan tidak
terserap kembali akan masuk kesaluran pengumpul dan terus kekantong air seni dan kemudian
dikeluarkan melalui lubangpelepasan.
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Osmoregulasi
• Ikan memiliki mekanisme ekskresi dipengaruhioleh tempat hidupnya
• Ikan air tawar memiliki cara ekskresi yang berbeda dengan ikan air laut, dalam halpembentukan urinenya
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Sistem Urogenital
Alat reproduksi ikan (a) betinadan (b) jantan.
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Sistem Urogenital
• Organ reproduksi pada ikan di bagi menjadi 2, yaitu :
1. Primer : berupa gonad yang
akan menghasilkan hormon
2. Sekunder :
Organ Tambahan : Saluran reproduksi( ovipositor, clasper )
Aksesoris : Bentuk, ukuran, warnatubuh, dll.
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Ciri-ciri Testis
• Berpasangan pada coeloem
• Lonjong, licin, kuat, lebih kecil daripadaovarium.
• Terletak pada dinding dorsal bagian tubuh
• Berat dapat mencapai 12 % dari berat tubuhatau lebih.
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Tipe Testis
• Lobular (Teleostei)
• Lobul
• Tubular (Guppy)
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Ciri-ciri Ovarium
• Berpasangan dalam coeloem
• Bentuk lonjong dan berubah saat matangtelur.
• Berwarna putih sebelum matang, danberwarna kekuningan pada saat matang.
• Berat pada saat matang dapat mencapi 70 % dari berat tubuh.
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Tipe Ovarium
• Syncronic
• Syncronic sebagian
• Asyncronic (Metachrome)
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`NERVOUS SYTEM
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Sistem Saraf
• Sistem saraf pada pisces berupa otak yang terdiri dari :
1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon
4. Myelencephalon
5. Metencephalon
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`SISTEM PERASA
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Organ Perasa
• Sistem sensori berupa sel-sel reseptor periferdan gabungan neuron diotak yang memberigambaran lingkungan secara biologis
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Telinga
• Telinga hanya terdiri dari membran-membranlabirin.
• Telinga merupakan organ untuk mendengardan kesetimbangan
• Ikan tidak mempunyai telinga luar, tengah dankohlea. Bagian dalam dari telinga ikan berupautrikulus dorsa yang dihubungkan dengankanal semi-sirkuler, dan pelebaran di tengahyang disebut sacculus
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Organ Pencium
• Organ olfaktori (pencium) berupa sepasanglubang bergaris dengan lipatan berupa epitelsensori
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Mata
• Tidak memiliki kelopak mata,
• Retina memiliki struktur tipis dan berlapisserta transparan
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• Organ indera lain yang juga sangat pentingadalah pembau dan pengecap. Kedua organ ini merupakan reseptor kimia.
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Linea Lateralis
• Berfungsi untuk membedakan perubahantekanan dan arus air.
• Reseptor tersebut berupa sensori papilla atauneuromast yang mengeliling seluruh tubuh.
• Linea lateralis terletak di kedua sisi tubuh danbercabang menjadi tiga bagian di sisi kepala.
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Ada
Pertanyaan?
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OM SANTI SANTI
SANTI OM