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Support and Locomotion
The skeletal and muscular systems
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Locomotion
• The ability to move from place to place• Motile
• Remember, organisms that can not move are stationary or sessile.
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Why Move?
• Easier to obtain food• Easier to find a suitable place to live• Escape from predators• Reproduction and finding a mate
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Locomotion generally requires…
• A muscular system and a skeletal system
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2 types of skeletal systems
• Endoskeleton-– Bone and cartilage
inside body walls– Examples) vertebrates
like us
• Exoskeleton-– Hard outer material
made of calcium or chitin
– Examples) clams, oysters, insects, crabs, spiders
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Endoskeleton Exoskeleton
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Locomotion in Protist-a review
• Ameba
• Paramecium
• Euglena
• Pseudopods
• Cilia
• Flagella
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Paramecium
Ameba Euglena
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Human Skeletal System
• Made of :– Bone– Cartilage– Ligaments– Tendons
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Bone-”osteo-”
• Connective tissue that is hard and inflexible• Site of attachment for muscles• Gives body shape and support• Protection• Storage for minerals (calcium, phosphorus)• Produces blood cells
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Diagram of Human Skeletal System
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Cartilage
• Connective tissue able to bend• Embryos have skeletons of cartilage
– Turns to bone by ossification after birth• Function: Cushions against impact or
pressure
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Joints
• Points where bones meet
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Ligaments
• Connective tissue holding bones of a joint together
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Tendons
• Connective tissue attaching muscle to bone
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The muscular system
• Three types of muscle– Skeletal– Smooth– Cardiac
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Skeletal Muscle
• Used for voluntary movements
• Has a striated or striped appearance
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Smooth Muscle
• Used for automatic, involuntary movements
• Ex) walls of alimentary canal, diaphragm
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Cardiac Muscle
• Heart muscle• Involuntary• Striped appearance