Download - Surrogate Motherhood
Surrogate Motherhood
BERNADETTE V. ENDAYA, RN
SURROGACY
• Being a substitute• Indicates an arrangement whereby a
woman agrees to undergo the pregnancy, labor and delivery for another individual who either cannot or chooses not to
TYPES OF SURROGACY
1. TRADITIONAL SURROGACY2. GESTATIONAL SURROGACY
TRADITIONAL SURROGACY
• Also known as ‘full’ or ‘straight’ surrogacy• A woman called a “surrogate mother” carries
an embryo conceived with her own egg and the intended father’s sperm or of a sperm donor
• Child may be conceived via home artificial insemination, intrauterine insemination (IUI) or intracervical insemination (ICI)
GESTATIONAL SURROGACY
• the surrogate, called a gestational carrier, gives birth to a baby conceived with an egg and sperm of a couple or a donor egg or sperm.
• Surrogate has no genetic relationship with the baby
• After birth, gestational carrier turns over the child
TYPES OF SURROGACYaccording to ARRANGEMENT
1. COMMERCIAL SURROGACY- carrier gets compensated for carrying and delivering the child (besides medical and other reasonable expenses)
2. ALTRUISTIC SURROGACY- carrier receives no compensation
REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY
• Female infertility• Medical issues which may make the pregnancy
or delivery risky• Intended mother prefers convenience• Single man wishing to have his biological child• Gay or lesbian couples
REASONS FOR CONSIDERING SURROGACY
• Hysterectomy• Myomectomy of the uterus• Intrauterine damage or infection• Malformed uterus• Pelvic adhesions• Cardiac disease• History of ectopic pregnancies• Physical disabilities
PROCEDURE FOR BECOMING A GESTATIONAL SURROGATE
• Hysteroscopy • Infectious disease test• Mock cycle• Pap smear• Complete physical exam• Trial transfer• Psychological tests
SURROGACY AND THE BIBLEStory of Abraham and Sarah
SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES
SAUDI ARABIA Surrogacy is illegal
FRANCE and ITALY Commercial and altruistic surrogacy are illegal
HUNGARY, HONGKONG, JAPAN and UK Commercial surrogacy is illegal
GEORGIA and UKRAINE Surrogacy is legal
AUSTRALIA and CANADA Altruistic surrogacy is legal
SURROGACY AND THE LEGALITIES
INDIA Commercial surrogacy is legal
Emerging leader in international surrogacy Destination in surrogacy-related fertility tourism US States have their own state laws on surrogacy Florida and California have surrogacy-accommodating
laws Military wives found surrogacy to be a means to
supplement military incomes
‘BABY M’ CASE
• Mary Beth Whitehead was artificially inseminated with William Stern’s sperm
• March 27 1986 – Baby M was born• Whitehead named her Sara Elizabeth• Sterns named her Melissa• Whitehead did not want to relinquish the
parental rights to the Sterns
ETHICAL DILEMMAS
• What if the surrogate decides to keep the baby?• If a couple divorces before the baby is born, who gets
custody?• What happens if one or both of the commissioning
parents die before the baby is born? • Does she have the right to abort? • What would happen if the infant is born with a defect
and nobody wants it?• Should the child be introduced to the surrogate mother?
ETHICAL DILEMMAS
• Is it considered as baby selling?• Is the child a science baby?• Is surrogacy a business?• Why don’t infertile couple consider adoption?
SURROGATE MOTEHRHOOD IS ETHICAL
• it is a solution to infertility after repeated failure to conceive by other means.
• It is unjust that infertile couples should be denied parenthood. • Intrauterine insemination allows the child to carry at least the
father’s biological genes. • Difficulties inherent in the adoption process• Also, the presence of a disorder that would place the mother’s life
in jeopardy if she became pregnant is a strong argument in favor of the process.
• Proponents cite studies of surrogates that confirm that most surrogates view their experience as positive, meaningful and empowering.
SURROGATE MOTHERHOOD IS UNETHICAL
• The physical and psychological risks to the surrogate mother and the purported long and short-term physical and psychological hazards to the child.
• “compensated surrogacy” arrangements are abused whereby a surrogate is paid to carry a child to maturity. Opponents denounce these arrangements as the financial exploitation of women’s bodies.
• Surrogacy is attacked as an advantage of the rich over the poor, a means of turning surrogate motherhood into a commercial industry and a convenience for the well-off to avoid childbirth.
SURROGACY NIGHTMARE
surrogacy nightmare.flv
SURROGACY: A GIFT OF MODERN SCIENCE
surrogate motherhood1.flv
THANK
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