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DECnet
DECnet
IP
SURVIVAL OF THE FITTESTDECnet in an IP-only World
John MarshallRiverwillow Pty Ltd
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27 March 2001 John Marshall - Riverwillow Pty. Ltd. 2
DECnet
DECnet
IP What Problem Are We Trying to Fix?
Company relies upon DECnet for Client/Server and Peer-to-Peer Applications across its WAN
Addition of IP systems and applications means that the company either has multiple WAN circuits or runs multi-protocol WAN circuits
Management wants to reduce network costs and standardize on an IP-only WAN
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DECnet
DECnet
IP What Happens to Our DECnet Applications?
Re-write to use IP protocols?– Can you find the source code? the programmer?
Replace (all) with IP-capable applications? Centralize all DECnet hosts onto a single
LAN? Configure DECnet to use the IP transport?
– No need to touch applications!
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
DECnet Is…?
DECnet-Plus– DECnet Transport– OSI Transport– IP Transport
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
DECnet Is…?
Application LayerPresentation Layer
Session LayerTransport LayerNetwork LayerData Link LayerPhysical Layer Physical Layer
Data Link LayerNetwork LayerTransport Layer
DECnet IP
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DECnet
DECnet
IP DECnet Session Control Applications
FAL (17) MAIL (27) PHONE (29) NOTES (33) CTERM (42) …and others All still work!
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
What Do We Need?
DECnet-Plus TCP/IP Services (Compaq or other vendor)
– Must include PWIP driver (Examples in following slides use:)
– OpenVMS VAX V7.1– DECnet-Plus V7.1 ECO 6– UCX V4.2 ECO 4
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
How Do We Get Started?
SYS$MANAGER:UCX$CONFIG.COM– [4] Optional Components
• Configure PWIP Driver (for DECnet-Plus and PATHWORKS)
SYS$MANAGER:NET$CONFIGURE.COM– [2] Change Naming Information
• Include DOMAIN Directory Service• Supply IP FQDN and Address
– [4] Configure Transports• Configure OSI Transport
– Run OSI Applications over TCP/IP– Run DECnet over TCP/IP
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DECnet
DECnet
IP How Do We Make It Transparent?
Resolve Addresses from Simple Names Resolve Addresses to Simple Names Add new UAF PROXY records
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
DECnet Name Resolution
Common Directory Interface (CDI)– Interface between DECnet Session Control and
any configured Directory Services• DECdns• LOCAL• DOMAIN
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
DECdns Directory Service
DEC Distributed Name Service DECnet and OSI Name/Address/Synonym Implemented via DECdns Servers Maintained via DECNET_REGISTER.EXE Full Name: DECUSOZ:.syd.vms01 Node Synonym: VMS01 DECnet Address: 62.606
• $ type DECUSOZ:.syd.vms01::PUBLIC:fred.txt• $ type VMS01::PUBLIC:fred.txt• $ type 62.606::PUBLIC:fred.txt
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
LOCAL Directory Service
LOCAL Name Service DECnet and OSI Name/Address/Synonym Implemented via per-node/cluster database Maintained via DECNET_REGISTER.EXE Full Name: LOCAL:.vms01 Node Synonym VMS01 DECnet Address: 62.606
• $ type LOCAL:.vms01::PUBLIC:fred.txt• $ type VMS01::PUBLIC:fred.txt• $ type 62.606::PUBLIC:fred.txt
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DECnet
DECnet
IP DOMAIN Directory Service
Internet Name Service (DNS/BIND) Internet Name/Address Implemented via DNS Servers/Local Host Files Maintained via UCX or text editors (edt/tpu/vi) Full Name: DOMAIN:.vms01.syd.decusoz.com IP Address: 123.123.4.51
• $ type DOMAIN:.vms01.syd.decusoz.com::PUBLIC:fred.txt• $ type 123.123.4.51::PUBLIC:fred.txt
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
CDI Search Path Templates
Allow us to query directory services using simple names
Session Control
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
CDI Search Path Templates
Applying– “vms01”
to the template– “LOCAL:.*”
Will lookup “LOCAL:.vms01” and return DECnet address 62.606
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DECnet
DECnet
IP CDI Search Path Templates (DOMAIN)
Applying– “vms01”
to the template– “*.syd.decusoz.com”
Will lookup “vms01.syd.decusoz.com” and return IP address 123.123.4.51
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
CDI Search Path Templates
DOMAIN (Reverse) Lookup of 123.123.104.52
Results in “vms02.mel.decusoz.com” If we have the DOMAIN template
“*.mel.decusoz.com” in the CDI Search Path, CDI will return the simple name “vms02” to DECnet
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
CDI Search Path Templates
Default DOMAIN templates supplied by NET$CONFIGURE will include the DNS domain of the local host
Custom templates can be added via NET$SEARCHPATH_LOCAL.NCL(in SYS$MANAGER)
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
CDI Search Path Templates
With valid CDI Search Path templates…– $ type vms01::PUBLIC:fred.txt– Will return a network address from the
directory service with the first match– Will connect to DECnet on the remote node via
the corresponding transport
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
IP Local Host File
If a node is defined in the IP Local Host file with a simple-name alias, CDI will use the simple name even if there is no corresponding DOMAIN template maskUCX> set host vms02.mel.decusoz.com –/address=123.123.104.52 –/alias=vms02
Useful if your network does not have a DNS server or if you have DECnet systems in many different IP subdomains
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DECnet
DECnet
IP If DOMAIN Directory Service is Not Configured
Connection is still possible but via IP address onlyNo DOMAIN Directory Service
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DECnet
DECnet
IP How Do We Make It Transparent?
Resolve Addresses from Simple Names Resolve Addresses to Simple Names Add new UAF PROXY records
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
UAF PROXY Records
Specify the Full Name of the Remote Host– UAF> add/proxy –
vms02.mel.decusoz.com::john john/default Incoming connections do not use cluster
alias IP address Need to add PROXY entries for individual
nodes in remote cluster
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DECnet
DECnet
IP Can DECnet Applications Tell the Difference?
No Unless you are not resolving to simple
names Or unless you explicitly test
SYS$REM_NODE_FULLNAME
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
Can I Tell the Difference?
If you’re keen!Transport Discovery 1Transport Discovery 2
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
What Tools Do We Have?
CDI$TRACE.EXECDI Trace
DECNET_REGISTER.EXEDECnet Register
NCL DCL UCX
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
What are the Obstacles?
Fear of DECnet-Plus Fear of NCL Fear of IP Your company’s DNS subdomain structure
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
Beware!
Troubleshooting can be difficult if you forget that CDI maintains a cache.
To Flush the CDI Naming Cache• NCL> flush session control naming cache entry “*”
CDI$TRACE.EXE is your friend C C TrD ace
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
QUESTIONS?
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
Useful Links
• http://www.compaq.com/info/spd/• http://www.openvms.compaq.com/doc/index.html• mailto:[email protected]
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DECnet
DECnet
IP
NCP> set executor state shut