Download - Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10
![Page 1: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
““Sustainable Lawn Sustainable Lawn Care”Care”
Rob Golembiewski, Ph.D.Rob Golembiewski, Ph.D. OSU Oregon State University
![Page 2: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overview
I. What is sustainability?
II. How does this apply to lawncare?
III. Choices for sustainable lawns
IV. Sustainable maintenance strategies
V. Pest management
VI. Information sources
![Page 5: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Sustainability?
![Page 6: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Definitions
“to endure or to continue in the same state”
“capacity for being continued”
“able to be sustained; able to be sustained for an indefinite period without damaging the environment, or without depleting a resource; renewable”
![Page 7: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sustainable Sites Initiative
“design, construction, operations, and maintenance practices that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
![Page 8: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sustainable Landscape Management
Many facets
Design and construction best defined
Undefined blueprint for sustainable maintenance practices
Biggest problem?
![Page 9: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Maintenance Contractors
No input in design from maintenance perspective & often not involved in construction
No say on site location
Inherit all site problems
Contend with owners expectations
![Page 10: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
How does this apply to Lawncare?
![Page 11: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Turfgrass
Defined as “a grass species maintained as a mowed turf”
Major vegetative ground cover in American landscapes
![Page 12: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Professionally maintained residential lawn
![Page 13: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Do it yourselfer’s intensively maintained new lawn
![Page 14: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Do it yourselfer’s intensively maintained old lawn
![Page 15: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Minimally irrigated home lawn
![Page 16: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Unirrigated home lawn
![Page 17: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Lush green turf Drought hardy turf Dormant turf
![Page 18: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Choices forSustainable Lawns
![Page 20: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What should lawns be?
Do all lawns have to be pure grass? Do lawns have to be a mono-culture? Can lawns contain dicot plants? Are there niches for different lawns? Who decides what is appropriate?
![Page 23: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Turf Water Use
![Page 27: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Results
![Page 28: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Factors Affecting Lawns Moving Forward
Major perceived social factors:
Lack of time Changing personal prioritiesChanging fashions
Major perceived fear factors:
Water shortagesWater pollution from fertilizersEnvironmental impact of pesticidesAir and noise pollution from mowersEffects on health of children
![Page 29: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Should we just get rid of all lawns?
Would that solve perceived problems?
Are there other options?
![Page 30: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Natural Species Shifts in Lawns
1.Number of grass species increases over time
2.Dicot plants invade
3.Mowing influences dicot types
4.Drought influences grass and dicots
5. Wetness influences grass and dicots
6. Shade influences grass and dicots
7. Based on inputs, lawns eventually stabilize
![Page 31: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bentgrass invasion of lawns
Bentgrass Agrostis sp.
early stage
climax stage
![Page 32: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Buttercup, English daisy and grasses
![Page 33: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Oxalis spp. Woodsorrel
![Page 34: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Veronica + grass
![Page 35: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Veronica filiformis
![Page 36: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Naturally occurring bentgrass + violet lawn
![Page 37: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Lawn ivy - Glechoma hederacea
![Page 38: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Common yarrow – Achillea millefolium
![Page 39: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Lady’s Bedstraw, Gallium verum
![Page 40: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Gallium verum / Vulpia myuros / False dandelion lawn
![Page 41: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Making Ecolawns
1.Base of Perennial ryegrass
2.Common yarrow
3.Clovers
4.English Daisies
5.Others?
![Page 42: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Common Yarrow Achillea millefolium
![Page 43: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Strawberry clover Trifolium fragiferum
![Page 44: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
English daisy Bellis perennis
![Page 45: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Daisies in Spring
![Page 46: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Yarrow and White Clover in Summer
![Page 47: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Yarrow vs Ryegrass after 5 weeks without water
![Page 48: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Performance in Corvallis on Clay Soil
Mowing goal: 1 per 3 wks 2” with mulching rotary
Mowing reality: 1 per 2-4 wks
Irrigation goal: 1 per mo. June, July, Aug, Sept 4 total
Irrigation reality: 2-6 total per year
Pest control goal: no treatments
Pest control reality: no treatments on clean sitesone treatment sequence in year two on dirty sites
![Page 49: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Corvallis
4 irrigations per summerMowed every 3 weeks
Wilsonville No irrigation3 mowings?
![Page 50: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Ecolawns in Practice
![Page 51: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Ecolawns in Practice
![Page 52: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Ecolawns in Practice
![Page 53: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Where do ecolawns fit in the big picture?
>Interest on the part of the public has been surprisingly strong
>There are obvious short comings with current mixes
>Need to search for new and better components
>Need to figure out how to produce seed and commercialize production
>Need to be regionally specific if they are to persist over time
>Turf people have to buy into the concept as one more piece of the puzzle
>Ecolawn’s won’t replace conventional grass lawns but are a viable option for many lawns
![Page 54: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Sustainable Maintenance
Strategies
![Page 55: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Mowing
Variables to Manipulate:
Frequency
Height
Clipping management
Choice of Mowing Equipment
![Page 57: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Mowing Frequencies
Frequency can vary from once per week on irrigated sites to once per two weeks or less on lower quality or unirrigated sites
Base mowing frequency on growth rate of grass, environmental conditions, degree of maintenance, & species or cultivar - not on a set time schedule
![Page 58: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Cutting Height Responses
Total root mass is proportional to cutting height
Lower cutting height, results in shorter roots (turf more susceptible to problems)
![Page 59: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
0.5” 1.0” 1.5”
![Page 60: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
0.5”1.0”2.0”
![Page 61: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Cutting Height Responses
During stress periods, raise mowing height (allows for more root growth)
![Page 62: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Clippings
Slow growing grasses, minimal irrigation, and minimal fertilizer all reduce clipping production
Avoid pushing excess growth with fertilizer in spring and fall when lawns are naturally vigorous
Avoid early and late season irrigation when grasses also likely to be most vigorous
![Page 65: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
![Page 66: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
![Page 67: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
![Page 68: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Fertilization
Design around difficult to fertilize lawns
![Page 69: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
T Cook photo
![Page 71: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Fertilization
Design around difficult to fertilize lawns
For new lawns select grasses or grass dicot mixtures with low fertility requirements
![Page 72: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
![Page 73: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Fertilization
Design around difficult to fertilize lawns
For new lawns select grasses or grass dicot mixtures with low fertility requirements
For existing lawns find ways to reduce nitrogen applications
![Page 74: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
UREA 46% N Contec®DG 33% N
Milorganite 6% N
![Page 78: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Fertilization
Apply lowest effective fertilizer rates when grasses most responsive
![Page 79: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Fertilizer Calendar for Irrigated Lawns
Turf Quality J F M A M J J A S O N D
High
Medium
Utility
= Planned Application = Optional Application
*Each application is assumed to be at 1 lb N per 1,000 sq.ft.
![Page 80: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Fertilization
Apply lowest effective fertilizer rates when grasses most responsive
Conduct soil tests every 2-3
years to guide fertility
program
![Page 81: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Fertilization
Apply lowest effective fertilizer rates when grasses most responsive
Conduct soil tests every 2-3
years to guide fertility
program
Eliminate fertilizer throw into roadways or waterways
![Page 82: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
![Page 83: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Irrigation
Prioritize areas according to irrigation needs
![Page 84: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
![Page 85: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Irrigation
Prioritize areas according to irrigation needs
Analyze mechanics of irrigation system and perform audits
![Page 86: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
![Page 87: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Heads need to be vertical
Adjust annually
![Page 88: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
![Page 89: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
![Page 90: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
![Page 91: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
![Page 92: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
MP Rotators – Hunter Industries
![Page 93: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Irrigation
Prioritize areas according to irrigation needs
Analyze mechanics of irrigation system and perform audits
Optimize irrigation with proper turf cultural practices
![Page 94: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
![Page 95: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Irrigation
Determine water requirements
![Page 96: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Evaporation CorrelationsCorvallis, OR
Month Ave. Evap. ET/ month ET/ week
April 2.68” 1.82” 0.46”May 4.47” 3.04” 0.76”June 5.75” 3.91” 0.98”July 7.90” 5.46” 1.37”Aug 7.02” 4.77” 1.19”Sept 4.87” 3.31” 0.83”Oct 2.03” 1.38” 0.35”
![Page 97: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Table 1. Average Monthly Evapotranspiration (ET) for Turfgrass/Lawns in Various Eastern Oregon Locations1
Location Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Total
Bend 0.6 2.8 4.5 5.6 6.8 5.2 3.4 0.6 29.5Baker 0.4 2.1 4.7 6.0 7.6 6.2 4.2 0.2 31.4Silver Lake 0.2 2.3 4.9 6.4 7.7 6.4 4.1 0.0 32.0Hermiston 1.3 3.7 5.7 7.3 9.0 7.6 4.7 1.3 40.6Klamath Falls 0.5 3.0 5.2 6.4 7.6 6.3 4.3 0.1 33.4Lakeview 0.0 2.1 5.0 6.3 7.8 6.9 4.6 0.0 32.7Madras 0.9 3.2 5.0 6.5 8.2 7.0 4.7 0.9 36.4Ontario 1.6 4.0 6.0 7.3 8.7 7.5 4.9 1.1 41.1Prineville 0.6 3.0 4.8 6.2 7.7 6.4 4.3 0.4 33.4
1/ Data is comprised of monthly averages from AgriMet weather stations for entire period of record; period of record varies among locations; http://www.usbr.gov/pn/agrimet/wxdata.html
![Page 98: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
![Page 99: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Irrigation
Determine water requirements
Develop a strategy for the irrigation year
![Page 100: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Strategy #1
Divide irrigation seasons into parts: Spring – 50% of historical ET Summer – 100% of historical ET Fall – 50% of historical ET*
*Stop irrigation 0-7 days after Labor Day
![Page 101: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Strategy #2
If you don’t have access to ET info: For manual watering - use screwdriver
to poke in the soil If easy to penetrate and turf looks good,
wait a day and check again
![Page 102: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Strategy #3
If you don’t have access to ET info: For automatic systems – determine
irrigation frequency and duration Start with running 7 days for “x”
minutes Next week go down to 6 days, if turf
good, go down to 5 days the next week, etc.
![Page 103: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Pest Management
![Page 104: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Definition of IPM
Multiple tactics used in a compatible manner in order to maintain pest populations below levels that cause economic or unacceptable aesthetic injury without posing a hazard to humans, domestic animals, or other non-target life forms
![Page 105: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
![Page 106: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Why Practice IPM?
Benefits include:1. Accurate pest control is achieved –
shotgun approaches are avoided
2. Potential for reduction of total pesticide usage – used only when necessary
3. IPM produces healthiest turfgrass possible
![Page 107: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Turf Knowledge is Key!
KNOWLEDGE
ENVIRONMENT
TURF
Strengths
Weaknesses
Biology
Cultural Requirements
PEST
Identification
Type (Primary or Secondary)
Symptoms
Ecology
![Page 108: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Pieces to a Puzzle
All strategies are critical to complete the entire turfgrass management picture.
![Page 109: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
The stronger the base, the stronger the overall health and vigor of the turf stand.
![Page 110: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
If the base is inverted, the overall health and vigor of the turf stand is very weak.
![Page 111: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Goal of Turfgrass IPM
Keep pest populations or damage at a tolerable level (called pest response threshold level)
Pest response threshold levels vary from site to site: Homelawn Park School Athletic Field Golf Course
![Page 112: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Management Strategies
Chemical
Genetic
Biological
Cultural
Physical
Regulatory
*certified seed
*turf species/cultivars
*mowing, watering, fertilizing
*pulling, hoeing, digging
*use of bacteria, fungi, & nematodes
*based on application method, timing, toxicity, effectiveness, cost, persistence
![Page 113: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
InformationSources
![Page 114: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Sustainable Landscape Design
& Management
Cook & VanDerZanden
![Page 115: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
![Page 116: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Summary
![Page 117: Sustainable lawn care 9 23-10](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022103114/5553d648b4c905c4048b4d62/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Contact Information
Rob GolembiewskiOregon State University4017 ALS BuildingCorvallis, OR 97331
Phone: (541) 737-5449Email: [email protected]