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Biodiversity Conservation – week 7
Marco Pautasso (marpauta at gmail.com)
London Metropolitan Univ. - 2010
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Biodiversity Conservationmain topics – week 7
1. Sustainable tourism and biodiversity conservation
2. A recap of some questions/answers in biodiversity conservation
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Ever heard of biodiversity?
from Lindemann-Matthies & Bose (2008) Human Ecology
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Age and source of knowledge on biodiversity
from Lindemann-Matthies & Bose (2008) Human Ecology
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What is biodiversity?
from Lindemann-Matthies & Bose (2008) Human Ecology
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How much (plant) biodiversity is there?
from Lindemann-Matthies & Bose (2008) Human Ecology
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Which factor can predict biodiversity threat?
from Holland et al. (2009) Conservation Biology
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Which factor can predict biodiversity threat?
from Holland et al. (2009) Conservation Biology
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Human inequality and biodiversity threat
from Holland et al. (2009) Conservation Biology
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Coral condition and diving in the Red Sea
from Hasler & Ott (2008) Marine Pollution Bulletin
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Green space use in Denmark
from Schipperijn et al. (2010) Landscape & Urban Planning
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Temporal trend in green space visits
from Pergams & Zaradic (2008) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA
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Temporal trends in UK trade
from Schuls (2004) Population & Environment
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Temporal trends in transport of people (UK)
from Schuls (2004) Population & Environment
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Temporal trends in time spent travelling (UK)
from Schuls (2004) Population & Environment
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from Proches et al. (2008) BioScience
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1a. Will the Earth after us resemble the Earth before us?
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[CO2]
from MacKay (2008) Sustainable Energy
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Human impacts on biodiversity
Habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss
Water, air and soil pollution
Species introductions
Climate change
Trade, travel, transportation and tourism
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1b. When have protected areas been established?
from: The Atlas of Canada (2007)
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1b. When have protected areas been established?
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1c. Where do protected areas tend to be located?
from: World Database on Protected Areas
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n = 2877, r2 = 0.18, y = 1.75+ 0.22x, p < 0.0001
1
2
3
4
2 3 4 5 6 7
log10 human population size (n)
log1
0 vas
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r pla
nt s
pp ri
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ss (n
)
1d. Is there a correlation between the species richness of a region and its human population?
Data from the Synthesis of the North American Flora (Ohio and Virginia not included)
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from: Chiari et al. (2010) J Animal Ecology
1e. What is the key factor behind spp-people correlations?
birds in Florence
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2a. Which strategies to preserve biodiversity exist apart from protected areas?
• preserve landscape connectivity
• reduce energy consumption
• facilitate biodiversity research/education
• plant and protect trees/shrubs in towns
• walk/cycle/use public transport?
• organize competitions among gardeners?
• encourage people to eat local food?
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from MacKay (2008) Sustainable Energy
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2b. What is the difference between in situ and ex situ conservation?
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2c. How can genetic diversity be preserved?
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from MacKay (2008) Sustainable Energy
2d. Who is responsible for the conservation of biodiversity?
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2f. Is biodiversity conservation worthwhile from an economic point of view?
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2g. How can the individual make a difference in biodiversity conservation?
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CO2 emissions (2000) per continent
from MacKay (2009) Sustainable Energy
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CO2 emissions (2000) per country
from MacKay (2009) Sustainable Energy
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CO2 emissions (cumulative: 1880-2004) per country
from MacKay (2009) Sustainable Energy
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CO2 emissions since 2000: scenarios vs. data
from MacKay (2009) Sustainable Energy
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ReferencesBarbosa AM, Fontaneto D, Marini L & Pautasso M (2010) Positive regional species–people correlations: a sampling artefact or a key issue for sustainable development? Animal Conservation 13: 446-447Chiari C, Dinetti M, Licciardello C, Licitra G & Pautasso M (2010) Urbanization and the more-individuals hypothesis. Journal of Animal Ecology 79: 366-371Golding J, Güsewell S, Kreft H, Kuzevanov VY, Lehvävirta S, Parmentier I & Pautasso M (2010) Species-richness patterns of the living collections of the world's botanic gardens: a matter of socio-economics? Annals of Botany 105: 689-696Jeger MJ & Pautasso M (2008) Comparative epidemiology of zoosporic plant pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology 122: 111-126MacLeod A, Pautasso M, Jeger MJ & Haines-Young R (2010) Evolution of the international regulation of plant pests and challenges for future plant health. Food Security 2: 49-70 Moslonka-Lefebvre M, Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2009) Disease spread in small-size directed networks: epidemic threshold, correlation between links to and from nodes, and clustering. Journal of Theoretical Biology 260: 402-411Pautasso M (2009) Geographical genetics and the conservation of forest trees. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Systematics & Evolution 11: 157-189Pautasso M & Chiarucci A (2008) A test of the scale-dependence of the species abundance-people correlation for veteran trees in Italy. Annals of Botany 101: 709-715 Pautasso M & Dinetti M (2009) Avian species richness, human population and protected areas across Italy’s regions. Environmental Conservation 36: 22-31Pautasso M & Fontaneto D (2008) A test of the species-people correlation for stream macro-invertebrates in European countries. Ecological Applications 18:1842-1849Pautasso M & Gaston KJ (2006) A test of the mechanisms behind avian generalized individuals-area relationships. Global Ecology & Biogeography 15: 303-317 Pautasso M & Jeger MJ (2008) Epidemic threshold and network structure: the interplay of probability of transmission and of persistence in directed networks. Ecological Complexity 5: 1-8Pautasso M & Powell G (2009) Aphid biodiversity is correlated with human population in European countries. Oecologia 160: 839-846Pautasso M & Weisberg PJ (2008) Density-area relationships: the importance of the zeros. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17: 203-210Pautasso M & Zotti M (2009) Macrofungal taxa and human population in Italy's regions. Biodiversity & Conservation 18: 473-485Pautasso M et al (2010) Plant health and global change – some implications for landscape management. Biological Reviews 85: 729-755Pautasso M et al (2011) Global macroecology of bird assemblages in urbanized and semi-natural ecosystems. Global Ecology & Biogeography 20: 426-436Pecher C, Fritz S, Marini L, Fontaneto D & Pautasso M (2010) Scale-dependence of the correlation between human population and the species richness of stream macroinvertebrates. Basic Applied Ecology 11: 272-280Schlick-Steiner B, Steiner F & Pautasso M (2008) Ants and people: a test of two mechanisms behind the large-scale human-biodiversity correlation for Formicidae in Europe. Journal of Biogeography 35: 2195-2206Steck CE & Pautasso M (2008) Human population, grasshopper and plant species richness in European countries. Acta Oecologica 34: 303-310