Sustainable Urban Transport in Dutch citiesNational interest, local accessibility
Mario FruianuSenior Policy Advisor, Market Development and Decentralized TransportMinistry of Transport, the Netherlands
Chisinau workshop
Introduction and goals The NetherlandsNational Mobility Policy
StrategyThe network approach
ThemesPublic TransportRoad pricing schemeFile proof project
4
Image of modes
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Joy Fear Anger Sadness Aversion
CarBicyclePT
Number of Dutch people that value the opinion that
a certain emotion fits very well with a certain mode of transport
5
The Netherlands in EuropeEmployment density in EU 15, 2001 jobs per km2
>353212–353125–21285-12543-85<43
Density of Motorways
in km per 100 km2
>8
4-8
2-4
0-2
0
• Population 16.3 million• 35.000 km2
• 480 inhabitants/km2
• 40% living in Randstad• Mainports Rotterdam and
Amsterdam-Schiphol• Major economic activity
in ‘banana’• Pass. Cars: 170/km2
(highest in EU)• Average km p.p./day:
32 km
6
Economical heart of the Netherlands
• 7 mln. people(40% of population)
• 50% of GDP• Port of Rotterdam• Schiphol Airport• Financial capital• 75 % of export• The Hague: government &
international institutions• 6 Universities
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
Haarlem
Utrecht
Leiden
Dordrecht
The Hague
Amersfoort
Almere
Delft
Zaandam
Schiphol
Green Heart
7Urban development
1950 1980 2010
From historical heart of Holland to metropolitan area
8
Trends and problems
• Car travel is increasingly dominant• Concentrated on National Highways (city ring roads)
• Growth exceeds available space; Congestion threatens economic growth• Accessibility declines, road safety declines, quality of life will improve,
but EU goals are unattainable.• In 2005 congestion hours increased with approx. 24% compared to 2000. • Freight transport: Strong growth for road transport and inland shipping.
• Increasing share of regional traffic • 70% of car trips <30km
• Largest challenges in metropolitan areas!!
9Mobility in the Netherlands(x billion travelers kilometres/year)
2007: 7.413.000Source: BOVAG
Car owner ship
10
Freight transport in the Netherlands(x million tons)
Source CBP/AVV/NEA
11
• Responsibility from central government to (as much as possible)• regional/local authorities decentralisation• private parties more ppp• people road charging
• Optimise the use of existing infrastructure before new building
• Creating climate that stimulates innovation
• International cooperation and active participation
• “Network approach”: integrating all modes of transport & networks, door-to-door approach
• Introduction of road charging before 2012
Strategy
Mode In distance km In single trips
Car (driver) 55 % 32 %
Car (passenger) 20 % 15 %
Train 9 % 2 %
Bus-Tram-Metro 3 % 3 %
Motor 1 % 1 %
Bicycle 7 % 26 %
Walking 2 % 19 %
Other 3 % 2 %
Model split in 2007
13
Financial feasibility
Budget of 80,5 Bn€ until 2020
Regional roads, traffic safety, regional public transport, other regional policy25%
