Table of Contents
Foreword 5
1 Background and Context 6
2 Swiss foreign-policy objectives in Afghanistan, contribution by other donors 9
3 Results of Swiss contributions (2015 to 2018) 10
4 Implications for the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019 – 2022 13
5 Priorities, Objectives and Impact Hypotheses 15
6 Management of the Implementation of the Strategy 18
7 Strategic Steering 20
8 Appendices 22
5
“In a stream where water once flowed, it will flow again”. This Afghan proverb expresses the trust that difficult times will pass and a better future lies ahead. The current situation in Afghanistan is a cause for concern. The impact of the withdrawal of interna-tional troops in 2014 and the deteriorating security situation continue to reverberate. Poverty rates have increased in recent years, economic growth is low and the armed conflict affects various parts of the country, resulting in large numbers of internally dis-placed persons.
Yet there is reason for hope and optimism. The pro-gress achieved in Afghanistan since 2002 is remark-able. Amongst other things, critical infrastructure has been rehabilitated, human rights institutions and a legal system have been established, several rounds of elections have been conducted and an education and health system has been built. Today, Afghanistan’s government takes a leading role in the development of the country and implements ambitious reforms on the way to self-reliance.
Development gains in Afghanistan are encouraging, but their sustainability and scaling up requires the continued commitment of the international com-munity, now more than ever. Switzerland remains committed to supporting Afghanistan’s efforts to re-duce poverty, human suffering and loss of life, and to promoting social cohesion and a peaceful society with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions. Starting with humanitarian assistance during the 1990s, Switzerland’s cooperation with Afghanistan
has grown into a broader development programme since 2002. In order not to leave anyone behind, it combines life-saving assistance with longer-term in-stitution building, thereby addressing the nexus be-tween development assistance and humanitarian aid. It is a pleasure for me to approve the new Swiss Co-operation Strategy for Afghanistan for 2019 – 2022. The strategy is aligned with the Sustainable Devel-opment Goals and the Government of Afghanistan’s national development priorities, while responding to the needs of the Afghan people. It builds on the suc-cessful experiences and lessons learned of the past years’ development cooperation, while focusing on specific areas where Switzerland can offer an addi-tional value.
I trust that through these endeavours, Switzerland will meaningfully support Afghanistan on its path-way out of fragility and towards sustainable develop-ment.
Sincerely,Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Manuel SagerDirector General
Foreword
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Over the past four decades, Afghanistan has been the scene of two protracted foreign military interventions and a civil war. The long period of armed conflict has taken a heavy toll on Afghanistan’s institutions, creat-ed enormous human suffering and hindered its eco-nomic and social development. Today, Afghanistan is among the poorest countries in the world and highly fragile in all dimensions. Nevertheless, over the past sixteen years, important progress has been achieved in education, health, rural development, justice and good governance. Continued joint efforts by the Af-ghan government and the international community are crucial to sustain what has been achieved and to ensure no one is left behind.
Economic and Social SituationAfghanistan’s economic foundations remain weak and the country is highly aid dependent, both for ci-vilian and military expenditure. In 2017, foreign aid accounted for 66% of the national budget. There is a marked downward trend in the amount of for-eign aid, which risks to negatively affect develop-ment investments in the country or even basic service delivery in the years to come. Despite considerable amounts of foreign aid, poverty remains high. Data from the recent Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey shows a sharp increase in poverty rates from 36.5% in 2011/12 to 54.5% in 2016/17, which is driven by insecurity, stagnating economic growth and a high age dependency ratio1. Unemployment and under-employment currently stand at 24% and 20% re-spectively.
1 The age dependency ratio measures the ratio of dependents (those younger than 15 years old and older than 65 years old) to the working-age population (15-64). In Afghanistan, the ratio is 0.85, mostly driven by the high proportion of children and adoles-cents, who account for 43% of the population.
Agriculture is the most important sector in terms of employment, with 40% of the working population either directly or indirectly engaged in it. However, agriculture is mostly small scale with very limited mar-ket linkages. Low productivity and limited access to markets contribute to high levels of food insecurity with an estimated 44% of the population being af-fected. The high dependence on rainfed agriculture and the lack of adaptive skills make Afghanistan’s agriculture vulnerable to adverse weather, natural disasters and climate change.
Education is an important foundation for economic development and one that is still severely lacking in Afghanistan. Less than 50% of adult men and less than 20% of adult women can read and write. By 2001, fewer than one million children were in school, almost none of them girls. Since then, this number has increased nine-fold and approximately 40% of enrolled students are girls. Nevertheless, enrolment remains low with an estimated 3.7 million children out of school, two thirds of them girls.
Social inequalities are manifold, but dominated by two key aspects: the gender gap and the rural-urban divide. Afghanistan ranks low in the UNDP’s Gender Inequality Index (154 out of 188 countries assessed), with high rates of maternal mortality and adoles-cent pregnancy and low education levels and labour force participation for women. Social norms dictate a strict gender segregation and sexual and gender-based violence is a pervasive problem. Surveys sug-gest that over 87% of Afghan women experience at least one form of physical, sexual or psychological violence during their lives. Inequalities between rural and urban areas are striking. With an estimated 73% of the population, rural Afghanistan has higher pov-erty rates, higher food insecurity, significantly lower literacy rates and less access to health and other basic services.
1 Background and Context
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The humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan is one of the most complex protracted crises in the world. The country is vulnerable to shocks, which require emer-gency assistance and simultaneous resilience build-ing. The humanitarian needs originating from con-flict and natural disasters are increasing. The level of internal displacement is high, with more than 1.7 million displaced people. The situation has been exacerbated by high numbers of returning refugees and undocumented Afghans from Pakistan and Iran (over 795’000 returns in 2016, and more than 380’000 in 2017). These massive population move-ments have put additional pressure on resources and over-whelmed services, which were already stretched thin and unable to fulfil the basic human needs of the Afghan population. Most of the returnees and many of the internally displaced persons settle in ur-ban areas, often in informal settlements that lack ba-sic infrastructure. They are highly vulnerable and lack a social support system or network.
Political and Institutional ContextThe presidential election in 2014 failed to provide a clear result and led to a foreign-brokered National Unity Government between the two frontrunners. This configuration further undermined the weak legitimacy of the government and provided fer-tile ground for new opposition movements. Power struggles within the National Unity Government also slowed down reform processes and resulted in fre-quent blockages. The parliamentary elections, sched-uled for summer 2015, were postponed numerous times and were eventually held in October 2018. Presidential elections should follow in April 2019 and are likely to create disruptions of government activi-ties during the campaign phase. They also bear the potential for civil unrest as results may be contested. Terrorist attacks on voter registration and polling centres or political gatherings may contribute to in-creased insecurity.
A para-vet controls the egg production of a beneficiary of a poultry project in Khost. © TLO
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Persistently high corruption levels are a major con-cern for the Afghan government. Corruption chal-lenges the government’s credibility and undermines its bureaucratic effectiveness. It also remains a major obstacle to the rule of law in Afghanistan, with alle-gations that judicial decisions are biased in favour of government and parliamentary officials, and police investigations are blocked by powerful figures. This is reflected in the prominence of customary justice, which is the most used dispute resolution mecha-nism.
Four decades of war have left profound effects on the social fabric of the country and transformed the communities. The erosion of social structures pro-foundly affects the functioning of local governance mechanisms, notably those concerned with dispute resolution and the management of natural resources. Local grievances may then be exploited by conflict parties, thereby fuelling the war and driving fragility. The human rights situation in the country remains worrisome. Violations of international humanitarian law and human rights law are commonplace, despite the government’s political commitment to interna-tional frameworks. Civilian casualties and displace-ment remain high as a result of the ongoing conflict. The hesitant efforts to initiate a peace process in 2015 and 2016 ended without results or even direct talks. However, in February 2018, the Afghan Government made a surprisingly clear and generous offer to hold peace talks with the Taliban. Efforts towards initiat-ing a formal peace process are ongoing (including an unprecedented ceasefire in June 2018) and prospects for direct talks are more promising than before.
Security ConditionsInsecurity and armed conflict are doubtlessly the most salient drivers of Afghanistan’s fragility, not least be-cause the conflict has been ongoing in one form or another for such a long time. The most recent phase of the armed conflict (since 2001) continues unabat-ed. Approximately half of the country’s districts are either controlled or contested by the Taliban, who are still on the offensive while government security forc-es and their international supporters have assumed a largely defensive role since the drawdown of interna-tional troops in 2014. Conflict intensity, as measured by the number of incidents, remains high but seems to have reached a ceiling. In 2017, civilian casualties decreased for the first time since 2012. Persistent in-security in various parts of the country undermines the legitimacy of the government, which is unable to fulfil its core functions. This crisis of confidence is exacerbated by terrorist attacks in urban centres.
OutlookAfghanistan faces an uncertain outlook. It has to be assumed that conflict activity will remain high, at least during the next few years. Insecurity will contin-ue to negatively affect socioeconomic development, governance and human rights, while humanitarian needs will remain high. These factors will likely con-tribute to persistently high numbers of Afghan refu-gees, especially in neighbouring countries (see Annex 5 on Migration). The upcoming presidential elections are likely to have a negative effect on political stabil-ity and security. The support from the international community remains crucial to safeguard develop-ment achievements and to sustain state institutions.
A boy passing through a village in Takhar. © SDC
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Switzerland’s assistance to Afghanistan represents a meaningful contribution to overcome fragility in the country. Interventions are aligned with the OECD principles for good international engagement in fragile situations and contribute to the Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals defined in the New Deal for Building Peaceful States. Afghanistan is a signatory to the New Deal and a member of the g7+ group. The “Self-reliance through Mutual Accountability Framework” (SMAF), adopted in 2015, is the cur-rent compact between the Afghan Government and the international community. It reflects the peace and state building goals thematically and aims to fa-cilitate Afghanistan’s transition to self-reliance. The Afghan Government is assuming a stronger role in aid management, and pressure on donors to provide on-budget and discretionary funding has increased. Currently, more than 50% of overall development assistance is channelled through the national budget; however, implementation capacities on the govern-ment side are often weak, resulting in delays and inefficiencies.
At more than USD 4 billion per year, Afghanistan remains the largest recipient of official development assistance globally. However, this amount has de-creased markedly (-18% between 2014 and 2016). Thirty-three bilateral and multilateral DAC donors al-located aid to Afghanistan in 2016, making Switzer-land a relatively small donor in the Afghan context. Nevertheless, in all of its priority sectors, Switzerland ranks among the ten largest bilateral donors.
In the 2016 Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, Switzerland renewed its commitment to a long-term partnership with Afghanistan and pledged to main-tain its yearly financial commitment of CHF 26 mil-lion. Through its engagement in the country, Switzer-land contributes to the international burden-sharing.
As outlined in the Dispatch on International Coop-eration 2017–2020, poverty reduction stands at the centre of bilateral Swiss development cooperation, while the core mandate of the Swiss humanitarian
aid is to save lives and alleviate suffering. Swiss in-terventions in Afghanistan contribute to these over-arching strategic goals. Unlike most other donors, the Swiss presence in Afghanistan is purely civilian and not perceived as politically motivated, giving Switzerland credibility and acceptance within the Af-ghan population as well as among the government and international actors.
Switzerland’s long-term partnerships and pro-grammes constitute a distinctive added value in a context marked by short-term interventions and shifting priorities. Switzerland is also one of the few donors still connected to field realities through regu-lar project visits, allowing it to link local interventions and national policy dialogue and donor coordination. Among the international community, Switzerland is recognised for its technical capacities, its long-term approach and its field-level experience.
The Swiss Cooperation Office in Afghanistan is of key importance for Switzerland’s bilateral relations with Afghanistan and serves as the official Swiss represen-tation in the country. In coordination with the Swiss Embassy in Islamabad, it assumes political and con-sular tasks.
2 Swiss Foreign-Policy Objectives in Afghanistan, Contribution by Other Donors
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The Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 aimed at sustaining and enhancing accountable institu-tions, thereby contributing to good governance, the respect of human rights and the rule of law and at promoting inclusive and sustainable socioeconomic development. Switzerland strengthened the nexus between humanitarian aid and development coop-eration to provide emergency assistance and contrib-ute to sustainably improve living conditions of vulner-able groups.
Despite growing insecurity, numerous challenges to programme implementation and significant budget cuts, the portfolio has achieved positive results.
Domain 1: Governance and Human RightsInterventions in the Governance and Human Rights Domain aimed to support an inclusive state, improve access to justice and strengthen human rights institu-tions.
Through support to community policing structures, public hearings and the development and imple-mentation of provincial development plans, the population’s confidence in public institutions at the subnational level has slightly increased (from 30 to 34%). In Afghanistan’s centralised system, however, subnational institutions do not have any legislative or budgetary authority, limiting their scope of action.
3 Results of Swiss Contributions (2015 to 2018)
Group work in a school in Bamyan. © SDC
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The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission plays an essential role in monitoring human rights issues such as gender-based violence, torture and detention. Though still heavily dependent on inter-national funding, an increasing part of the Commis-sion’s budget is now funded by the Afghan Govern-ment. Both the Commission and the Civil Society and Human Rights Network submitted shadow reports for the second periodic review under the Convention against Torture. The Swiss-supported Human Rights Support Unit in the Ministry of Justice coordinated the inputs for the report submitted by the Govern-ment. As a result, the Afghan Government ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Tor-ture and adopted a new antitorture law.
The World Bank’s Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) through which Switzerland channels its on-budget funding continues to finance a large part of Afghanistan’s development budget. The fund’s support for public financial management and civil service reforms has resulted in higher domestic rev-enue collection and improved government capaci-ties. The Swiss-supported legal aid grants facility is a well-functioning mechanism providing legal services to women and vulnerable population groups in eight provinces. Fifteen courts dedicated to the imple-mentation of the law for the Elimination of Violence against Women have been established and now solve cases in accordance with human rights standards. The Human Rights Support Unit has been integrated as a directorate in the organisational structure of the Ministry of Justice and staff has been included in the national civil service scheme.
Domain 2: Socio-Economic DevelopmentInterventions in the Socio-Economic Development Domain focused on improving the livelihoods of ru-ral households, especially in mountainous areas. This was complemented by an increased engagement in the education sector to improve the quality of learn-ing.
Livelihood projects reached over 200’000 people per year. Interventions targeting agriculture resulted in increased yields of staple crops, such as wheat and potatoes. Over 445 ha of land were brought under (improved) irrigation, resulting in higher and more stable yields. Household nutrition has been improved through vegetable production as well as through poultry, egg and dairy production benefitting at least 4’500 households. Over 2’000 ha of land were pro-tected and rehabilitated through sustainable land management practices. At least 332’000 days of short-term employment (“Cash for Work”) were cre-ated. While Swiss interventions remained constrained to very limited geographical areas, they were themat-ically broad, which restricted their scale-up potential.
In 352 villages, the newly established Natural Re-source Management Committees and Watershed Associations managed natural resources. Communi-ty-based natural resource management contributed to local conflict reduction and social cohesion. 474 subnational institutions designed local development plans. Over 1’300 public and social audits were con-ducted. The weak capacities of government agencies at the subnational level and their lack of autonomy to plan, budget and implement hindered a strong involvement in development projects. Nevertheless, new projects and phases put emphasis on including government agencies to the extent possible.
In the education sector, emphasis was put on improv-ing the quality of education in government schools, especially at the secondary level. Over 150’000 boys and girls benefitted from over 3’000 better trained teachers and better equipped schools. The teacher practicum and the gender and human rights course, developed under a Swiss-funded project, now form part of the national teacher education curriculum. Communities’ and schools’ perceptions of service delivery by education authorities has improved sig-nificantly. Nevertheless, enrolment numbers did not increase. Insecurity and displacement as well as in-creasing poverty rates are possible explanations.
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Humanitarian AidThrough long-term support to multilateral partners (UNHCR, WFP, ICRC and IOM) and to the OCHA’s Country Based Pooled Fund for Afghanistan (Af-ghanistan Humanitarian Fund), Switzerland contrib-uted to the provision of humanitarian assistance to the most vulnerable, especially persons displaced by conflict and natural disasters and returned popula-tions from neighbouring Iran and Pakistan. The Af-ghan context requires long-term engagement of do-nors, also in humanitarian aid, in order to be able to flexibly respond to emerging crises and to contribute to resilience building of the population. This obser-vation has led to a more integrated planning of the humanitarian and development engagement in the strategy 2019-2022.
The deployment of a Swiss expert to the WFP of-fice in Kabul significantly contributed to DRR main-streaming throughout WFP’s activities as well as the implementation of a common DRR approach by key humanitarian stakeholders (government, UN agen-cies, and donors) in the country.
What is the nexus?Applying a nexus approach means fos-tering the complementary use of funds, intervention modalities, instruments, approaches and knowledge from both humanitarian aid and development coop-eration. They are applied as required in a given situation to achieve better and more sustainable results. The integrative use of instruments (both bilateral and multilater-al) of humanitarian aid and development cooperation means that they complement each other, are interlinked and create synergies to meet people’s needs in the short-, medium- and long-term.
A man has received food assistance. © WFP
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Lessons LearnedThe evaluation of the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 confirmed the high relevance of the Swiss engagement for the needs and priorities of Af-ghanistan. Its findings underlined the importance of indepth analysis and context-specific interventions. Three main lessons learned were identified and have been taken into account in the design of the present strategy. Firstly, the result framework had certain weaknesses with outcomes considered over-ambi-tious and with a large number of indicators, some of which were not measurable and/or lacked targets and baselines. This hampered results-reporting and
accountability during the strategy period. The use of cross-sectoral domains was seen as counterproduc-tive to achieving greater thematic focus. Secondly, humanitarian issues and objectives were insufficiently integrated in the strategy. The result framework in particular lacked indicators to reflect the results of Switzerland’s sizeable humanitarian engagement in the country. Moreover, the nexus between develop-ment assistance and humanitarian aid was insuffi-ciently realised. Thirdly, the evaluation found that the support to subnational governance institutions was of limited effectiveness, since there was a lack of po-litical will to decentralise and devolve responsibilities to lower levels.
Returnees from Pakistan load all their belongings on a truck. © Andrew Quilty for IOM
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Fragility permeates all aspects of the Afghan context and is a complex and multidimensional challenge. Humility and realistic expectations are crucial for all development interventions, but even more so in frag-ile situations. Switzerland can only aspire to contrib-ute to positive developments on a policy level and to mitigate the repercussions of conflict and fragility on the poorest through well-targeted and context-sensitive interventions. Switzerland therefore contin-ues to combine a long-term vision with flexible pro-gramming while taking advantage of opportunities and investing in what has shown to be successful. Considering the main drivers of fragility (insecurity, weak state legitimacy, weak government institutions and high poverty levels), Swiss interventions aim to strengthen national systems and institutions while improving living conditions at the local level.
The thematic areas of intervention have proven rel-evant and are maintained as they respond to the needs of the population and address key drivers of fragility. They are also in line with the priorities of the government and allow Switzerland to build on its experience and networks. Nevertheless, the internal mid-term review and the external evaluation of the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2015-2018 identified the need for Switzerland to further sharpen its thematic focus.
This implies a stronger emphasis on specific niches where Switzerland can make a difference and an adaptation of the domains of intervention. The pre-vious cross-sectoral domain “Socio-economic De-velopment” has been separated into two thematic domains (“Agriculture and Natural Resource Man-agement” and “Basic Education”). The previous “Governance and Human Rights” domain has been refocused on “Rule of Law and Protection”, integrat-ing humanitarian and development aspects.
In light of the fact that the government has not pri-oritised subnational governance during the last strat-egy period, it is suggested to phase out local govern-ance programmes and to integrate governance as a transversal theme in sectoral programmes. Gender issues require continued attention with realistic tar-gets and context-sensitive approaches and gender is maintained as a transversal theme.
Given Afghanistan’s protracted crisis situation, hu-manitarian needs remain high requiring continued emergency assistance and resilience building at the same time. Additional efforts are needed by the in-ternational community, including Switzerland, to better leverage potential synergies and complemen-tarities between humanitarian aid and development interventions. Under the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019-2022, the nexus between the different instru-ments is strengthened both at an operational and strategic level through joint context analysis and common objectives under each domain.
4 Implications for the Swiss Cooperation Strategy 2019 – 2022
A farmer stands in his improved vineyard in Takhar. © SDC
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Swiss development cooperation and humanitarian aid in Afghanistan are aligned with the national priorities as defined in the Afghanistan National Peace and De-velopment Framework (2017-2021). The Afghan Gov-ernment strives to increase its self-reliance and improve the welfare of its people by building economic foun-dations and strengthening the rule of law. Through its interventions in Afghanistan, Switzerland contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals, in particular Goal 1 on ending poverty, Goal 2 on food security, Goal 4 on education, Goal 5 on gender equality, Goal 15 on sustainable natural resource management and Goal 16 on peace, justice and strong institutions. A strong link between the domains is the transversal theme governance. Its integration in sectoral projects of all three domains builds a solid basis for the Swiss position in promoting local and community-based governance in the policy dialogue with governmental entities at all levels, as well as with other donors.
Overall GoalSwitzerland contributes to reducing poverty, human suffering and loss of life in Afghani-stan. Switzerland promotes social cohe-sion and a peaceful society with effective, accountable and inclusive institutions for all people to be safe and live in dignity.
Switzerland supports Afghanistan’s pathways out of fragility and out of poverty by addressing interlinked dimensions of fragility. The focus is on interventions that have the potential to create positive feedback effects and reduce fragility across multiple dimen-sions. Small improvements will mutually reinforce each other and gradually set in motion a virtuous circle of incremental change: people who are safe and whose rights are protected are able to invest in socio-economic development while improved socio-economic conditions enhance participation in society and reduce factors pushing individuals to engage in armed conflict.
Taking into account the complexity of the Afghan context, the large extent of the needs and the rela-tively small Swiss engagement, expectations must remain modest. Switzerland will not achieve the ob-jectives outlined above alone, but through targeted interventions in a specific number of thematic areas and subsectors, it can make a meaningful contribu-tion to positive change in Afghanistan within clearly defined niches. In order to do so, Switzerland works hand in hand with the Afghan government, the in-ternational community and civil society on a limited number of projects. This approach is reflected in the focus of the three priority domains outlined below and specified in the Result Framework in Annex 3.
5 Priorities, Objectives and Impact Hypotheses
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Domain 1 – Rule of Law and ProtectionAfghan citizens see their fundamental rights protected and their personal safety ensured
Interventions in this domain mainly address the politi-cal and security dimensions of fragility and empha-sise protection aspects. Under outcome 1 “Afghan citizens have improved access to quality justice ser-vices and their human rights are better respected, protected and fulfilled”, Switzerland continues its support to the national human rights commission and civil society organisations in line with the objec-tives of the FDFA Human Rights Strategy 2016-2019. Under this outcome, Switzerland also contributes to strengthen the trust between the population and the Afghan Government by improving access to quality justice services for men and women. Through sup-port to institutional reforms of the justice system, its inclusiveness, transparency and respect of human rights will be enhanced. Particular emphasis will be placed on strengthening the institutional linkages between customary mechanisms, formal justice and human rights institutions within a coherent national framework. Interventions will target both urban and rural areas.
Under outcome 2 “People in need, especially dis-placed and conflict-affected persons, have access to life-saving assistance and their fundamental rights are protected”, Switzerland contributes to life-sav-ing assistance, especially to displaced and returned populations, through the main humanitarian agen-cies in the country. At the policy level, Switzerland advocates for the protection and long-term reinte-gration of internally displaced persons and returnees as well as for improved access to people in need of assistance.
Domain 2 – Agriculture and Natural Resource ManagementSmallholder farmers sustainably improve their livelihoods and enhance their resilience
Interventions in agriculture, rural development and natural resource management mainly address the economic, environmental and societal dimensions of fragility and emphasise inclusion. To achieve the out-comes under this domain (Outcome 1 “Smallholder farmers increase their productivity and income, and food insecurity is reduced” and Outcome 2 “Small-holder farmers sustainably manage their natural resources and become more resilient”) Swiss inter-ventions will strengthen public service delivery and promote sustainable natural resource management. Potential impacts from natural hazards and climate change will be considered and mitigated where ap-propriate with DRR measures.
The programme will continue to work directly with farmers at the local level, especially in remote and mountainous areas where poverty and food insecu-rity are highest. Women will be involved to the extent possible in socially accepted activities. In its response to food insecurity, Switzerland will also continue to support the World Food Programme for the provision of food assistance and asset creation.
Switzerland will also strengthen its relationship with the Ministry of Agriculture, in particular with the General Directorates for Natural Resource Manage-ment and Extension. Both entities play an active role in Swiss projects which contribute to create stronger institutional capacities – especially at the subnational level – and facilitate the feedback of project experi-ences into policies.
Men work on improving a rural road in Takhar. © SDC
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Domain 3 – Basic EducationGirls and boys benefit from safe, equitable and relevant quality basic education
Interventions in this domain mainly address the eco-nomic and societal dimensions of fragility, with both protection and inclusion concerns represented. Con-sidering the importance of education for social cohe-sion and economic development, the emphasis is on improved access and quality of education.
The goal is that girls and boys benefit from safe, eq-uitable and relevant quality basic education. Inter-ventions will be implemented in both rural and urban areas. Under outcome 1 “Girls and boys, including in emergencies, have increased access to safe and quali-ty education”, Swiss interventions will work at the lo-cal level towards promoting community involvement in education to achieve safe and conducive learning environments and increase enrolment. By support-ing specific Education in Emergencies interventions, Switzerland will help vulnerable and conflict-affected children to access education and protection. Under outcome 2 “Education authorities, academic super-visors, teachers and administrators provide better services”, Swiss interventions will focus on strength-ening the academic supervision system to provide schools and teachers with guidance and support to improve the quality and relevance of education. In its policy dialogue at the national level, Switzerland will advocate for improved linkages between non-formal education and the formal school system.
Female Skateistan students outside of the Kabul skatepark.
© Skateistan
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Aid Modalities and ApproachesThrough its interventions in Afghanistan, Switzer-land pursues context-sensitive and result-oriented development cooperation and humanitarian assis-tance. Three scenarios have been elaborated and are described in Annex 6. Taking into consideration the uncertainties of the context, a flexible modality mix is maintained (mandates, contributions, secondments, multilateral and bilateral interventions). Develop-ment and humanitarian instruments are applied in a coherent and complementary way, whereby devel-opment instruments focus on addressing structural challenges while humanitarian instruments address crisis-specific challenges. Governance, especially local and community-based, remains an important cross-cutting issue, which is integrated in sectoral projects. Experiences have shown the importance of embed-ding project interventions in the local context and aligning them with prevailing social norms. While social norms should be challenged, this needs to be done in small incremental steps with great sensitivity and modest expectations. Introducing concepts per-ceived as externally imposed, such as gender equal-ity, not only risks to undermine the project’s accept-ance, but will also have limited benefit and may even create negative backlash. In this sense, while gender equality will remain a transversal theme in the Swiss Cooperation Strategy, it needs to be applied carefully and in a context-sensitive manner.
Switzerland participates in relevant thematic (donor) groups for justice, human rights, education, agricul-ture, NRM and humanitarian aid. While it does not assume a leading role in any particular sector, nota-bly due to human resource constraints, Switzerland is recognised for its active involvement in policy dis-cussions, its coherent messaging and its close link to field realities.
Financial CommitmentsThe high level of needs in Afghanistan certainly justi-fies a more important engagement of Switzerland in Afghanistan. Humanitarian Aid funding will increase from CHF 7.5 million to CHF 9 million per year, while development funding is foreseen to remain at CHF 18 million per year. The total Swiss commitments amount to CHF 27 million per year. Development in-terventions can be scaled up when windows of op-portunities open and the context is conducive for an increased engagement.
Following Switzerland’s commitment at the 2012 To-kyo Conference, it is proposed to continue on-budget funding through the World Bank’s multi-donor trust fund at the current level (16% of annual develop-ment budget). While options for further on-budget funding are continuously explored, the added value of Switzerland as a relatively small donor is higher in piloting innovations and addressing neglected areas. Switzerland engages in coordination and policy dia-logue fora to support the achievements of its stra-tegic objectives and to monitor the progress of the international compact (SMAF).
6 Management of the Implementation of the Strategy
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Geographic FocusTaking into account that security conditions may change rapidly, vary locally and are difficult to predict, the flexibility within projects is of particular impor-tance to allow adjustments. This includes adaptation of activities, modalities and work plans, temporary suspension or even a shift to different districts. The fragility of the Afghan context also requires flexibility in the geographic focus of interventions. The selec-tion of target areas for development programmes considers various criteria: poverty levels, the security situation, government priorities, the availability of implementing partners, and the presence or absence of other donors.
The choice of target areas therefore varies between sectors and there is no automatic clustering of Swiss-supported initiatives in a certain area of the coun-try. Synergies within the programme are created along thematic overlaps between the domains and between development and humanitarian projects within the domains. Programmes continue adopt-ing a long-term approach in their respective areas of intervention and aim to stay engaged. For humani-tarian aid, target areas will be defined according to the prevailing needs of people affected by crises such as conflict-induced displacement or natural hazards. Switzerland will continue to support initiatives to en-hance operational and physical access, so develop-ment and humanitarian actors can reach people in need even in areas outside of government control.
Human ResourcesThe operational realities of the Swiss Cooperation Of-fice in Afghanistan have to be taken into account in strategic planning. Recruiting and retaining qualified and experienced human resources (both Swiss and Afghan) remains a particular challenge with implica-tions for portfolio development and monitoring. The Head of Cooperation acts as the official Swiss rep-resentative in Afghanistan, with political and consu-lar tasks constituting a considerable share of his/her workload. Security management requires dedicated resources and the security advisor plays a crucial role in gathering and analysing information through in-ternational networks, implementing and maintaining security systems and standard operating procedures for daily live in Kabul, as well as for field missions.
School girls in Badakhshan. © SDC
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The multidimensional fragility in general and the armed conflict in particular pose considerable risks to development and humanitarian actors in Af-ghanistan. In the most likely scenario, no significant improvements in the security and socio-economic situation are expected for the next four years. It is, however, probable that different fields of observation identified in the scenarios (see Annex 6) will evolve in different directions, resulting in “mixed scenarios”. This underlines the need to monitor development-relevant changes closely and to adapt programming flexibly. The Swiss Cooperation Office Afghanistan continuously monitors current events through its networks and partners in the country. Through its context monitoring exercise, conducted three to four times yearly, it monitors the scenario indicators, al-lowing it to anticipate further changes that might re-quire an adaptation of the programme (see Annex 7).
The high level of corruption in the country and the low financial management capacities of some im-plementing partners constitute a significant fiduciary risk. High importance is therefore attached to partner risk assessments and sound financial analysis. Regu-lar monitoring visits of projects will continue – secu-rity permitting – and are conducted jointly by pro-gramme and finance staff, where relevant.
The annual report synthesises project-specific results and forms the basis for result monitoring and report-ing at the strategic level. Monitoring development and humanitarian outcomes will remain a challenge. National-level data is often incomplete, outdated and of questionable reliability. Insecurity and social norms may impede direct access to beneficiaries, especially women. Qualified consultants for external reviews are often reluctant to work in remote rural areas. In response, the indicators in the Result Framework (see Annex 3) have been defined to ensure their measur-ability by project partners.
7 Strategic Steering
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8 Appendices
Annex 1: List of AcronymsAIHRC Afghanistan Independent Human Rights CommissionALCS Afghanistan Living Conditions SurveyANDMA Afghanistan National Disaster Management AuthorityANPDF Afghanistan National Peace and Development
FrameworkANSF Afghanistan National Security ForcesAOG Armed Opposition GroupARTF Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust FundASLI Agricultural Services and Livelihood ImprovementAUPP Afghanistan Urban Peacebuilding Programme (project)CDC Community Development CouncilCEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of
Discrimination Against WomenCHF Swiss Franks/ Common Humanitarian FundCS Country StrategyCSO Civil Society Organisation/ Central Statistic
OrganisationCSPM Conflict Sensitive Programme ManagementDAC Development Assistance CommitteeDiREC Displacement and Returnees Executive CommitteeDRR Disaster Risk ReductionEiE Education in EmergenciesEMIS Education Monitoring and Information SystemFAO United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisationg7+ Group of (self-declared) fragile statesGDP Gross Domestic ProductGPE Global Partnership for EducationHA Humanitarian AidHRP Humanitarian Response PlanHRSU Human Rights Support UnitICRC International Committee of the Red CrossIDP Internally Displaced PersonIHL International Humanitarian Law
INSO International NGO Safety OrganisationIOM International Organisation for MigrationMAIL Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and LivestockMERV Monitoring entwicklungsrelevanter Veränderungen
(SDC context monitoring)MoE Ministry of EducationMoJ Ministry of JusticeMoRR Ministry of Refugees and RepatriationNESP National Education Strategic PlanNGO Non-Governmental OrganisationNPP National Priority ProgrammeNRC Norwegian Refugee CouncilNRM Natural Resource ManagementOCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian AffairsODA Official Development AssistanceOHCHR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Human RightsPACTEC Partners in Aviation and Communication TechnologiesRAMA Rangeland ManagementSC South CooperationSDG Sustainable Development GoalSGBV Sexual and Gender-based ViolenceSLSD Sustainable Livelihood and Social DevelopmentSMAF Self-Reliance through Mutual Accountability
FrameworkTLO The Liaison OfficeUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeUNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUPR Universal Periodic ReviewUSD United States DollarWB World BankWEE Women's Economic EmpowermentWFP World Food Programme
26
Anne
x 3:
Res
ult F
ram
ewor
k
15
Ann
ex 3
: Res
ult F
ram
ewor
k
Dom
ain
of In
terv
enti
on 1
: Rul
e of
Law
and
Pro
tect
ion
Goa
l: A
fgha
n ci
tizen
s se
e th
eir
fund
amen
tal r
ight
s pr
otec
ted
and
thei
r pe
rson
al s
afet
y en
sure
d (S
DG
16)
(1)S
wis
s Po
rtfo
lio O
utco
mes
(2)C
ontr
ibut
ion
of S
wis
s Pr
ogra
mm
e(3
)Cou
ntry
Dev
elop
men
t or
Hum
anit
aria
n O
utco
mes
Out
com
e 1:
Afg
han
citi
zens
hav
e im
prov
ed a
cces
s to
qual
ity
just
ice
serv
ices
and
the
ir h
uman
rig
hts
are
bett
er r
espe
cted
, pro
tect
ed a
nd f
ulfi
lled.
1)X
X p
erso
ns (M
/F) w
hose
hum
an r
ight
s ha
ve b
een
bett
er r
espe
cted
dire
ctly
/indi
rect
ly (i
.e. w
ho a
reaw
are
of t
heir
right
s, h
ave
acce
ss t
o co
mpl
aint
mec
hani
sms
or ju
stic
e se
rvic
es) [
ARI
-HR3
]So
urce
: UN
DP,
AIH
RC r
epor
tsBa
selin
es:
-H
uman
/lega
l rig
hts
awar
enes
s: 3
4'42
2 pe
rson
s(9
'700
wom
en/ 2
4'72
2 m
en) (
2017
)-
Com
plai
nts
mec
hani
sm: 7
'432
cas
es (2
017)
-Ju
stic
e se
rvic
es (i
ncl.
lega
l aid
and
info
rmal
jus-
tice)
: 3'3
51 p
erso
ns (6
17 w
omen
/ 273
4 m
en)
(201
7)Ta
rget
s:
-H
uman
rig
hts/
lega
l aw
aren
ess:
35'
000
per-
sons
/yea
r-
Com
plai
nts
mec
hani
sm: 7
'500
cas
es/ y
ear
-Ju
stic
e se
rvic
es (i
ncl.
lega
l aid
and
info
rmal
jus-
tice)
: 3'5
00 p
erso
ns/ y
ear
2)%
of
pers
ons
(M/F
) in
targ
eted
are
as w
ith c
onfi-
denc
e in
pol
ice
forc
es a
nd t
he ju
dici
ary
(The
mat
icRe
fere
nce
Indi
cato
r)So
urce
: AU
PP, U
ND
P re
port
sBa
selin
e: p
olic
e: 6
2% (2
017)
/ ju
dici
ary:
to
be d
e-fin
ed b
y th
e en
d of
201
8Ta
rget
: 82%
for
pol
ice
/ jud
icia
ry: t
o be
def
ined
by
the
end
of 2
018
3)X
X s
urvi
vors
(m/f
) of
SGBV
tha
t re
gist
er c
ompl
aint
sto
rel
evan
t in
stitu
tions
(The
mat
ic R
efer
ence
Indi
ca-
tor)
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o th
e re
spec
t an
d pr
otec
tion
ofhu
man
rig
hts
by s
uppo
rtin
g th
e na
tiona
l hu
man
rig
hts
com
mis
sion
, civ
il so
ciet
y or
gani
satio
ns a
nd ju
stic
e m
echa
-ni
sms.
The
obj
ectiv
e is
to
cont
ribut
e to
enh
ance
d so
cial
cohe
sion
and
trus
t bet
wee
n A
fgha
n ci
tizen
s an
d th
e st
ate.
A p
artic
ular
foc
us o
f the
Sw
iss
prog
ram
me
lies
on im
prov
-in
g ac
cess
to
just
ice
and
stre
ngth
enin
g th
e lin
kage
s be
-tw
een
form
al a
nd c
usto
mar
y ju
stic
e in
stitu
tions
. Sw
iss
in-
terv
entio
ns s
uppo
rt i
nstit
utio
nal
refo
rms,
whi
ch a
im t
om
ake
the
judi
ciar
y m
ore
incl
usiv
e, t
rans
pare
nt a
nd r
e-sp
ectf
ul o
f hum
an ri
ghts
. Ens
urin
g th
e in
clus
ion
of w
omen
and
disa
dvan
tage
d gr
oups
req
uire
s pa
rtic
ular
att
entio
n.
Risk
s
Prev
alen
ce o
f har
mfu
l cul
tura
l nor
ms
that
are
non
-com
pli-
ant
with
hum
an r
ight
s.
Clim
ate
of im
puni
ty.
Wid
espr
ead
corr
uptio
n in
the
jus
tice
sect
or.
MoJ
’s w
eak
capa
citie
s to
impl
emen
t th
e ju
stic
e se
ctor
ref
orm
age
nda
and
limite
d re
sour
ces
to p
rovi
de le
gal a
id s
ervi
ces.
Prev
alen
ce o
f co
nser
vativ
e so
cial
nor
ms
prev
ent
peop
le,
espe
cial
ly w
omen
, fro
m a
cces
sing
just
ice.
Out
com
e 1:
Afg
han
citi
zens
hav
e ac
cess
to
effe
ctiv
e ju
di-
cial
ser
vice
s w
ith
thei
r ba
sic
righ
ts a
nd f
reed
oms
bein
g pr
otec
ted.
(Im
plem
enta
tion
Plan
of t
he N
atio
nal J
ustic
e an
d Ju
dici
al S
ecto
rs R
efor
m a
nd th
e A
fgha
n-na
tiona
lised
SD
Gs)
1)
% o
f pe
rson
s le
gally
rep
rese
nted
at
one
or m
ore
cour
tap
pear
ance
s in
the
ir ca
ses
(dis
aggr
egat
ed b
y ge
nder
)So
urce
: Asi
a Fo
unda
tion
Surv
eyBa
selin
e: 1
8.8%
(201
7)Ta
rget
: n/a
2)%
of
peop
le w
ho h
ave
conf
iden
ce in
the
pol
ice
forc
esap
plyi
ng t
he r
ule
of la
w a
nd t
rust
the
judi
ciar
y (d
is-
aggr
egat
ed b
y ag
e, g
ende
r, s
ocia
l gro
ups)
Sour
ce: A
sia
Foun
datio
n Su
rvey
Base
line:
39%
for
pol
ice/
39.
5% f
or c
ourt
s (2
017)
Targ
et: n
/a
3)#
of c
ases
und
er t
he “
Elim
inat
ion
of V
iole
nce
agai
nst
Wom
en”
law
reg
iste
red
and
inve
stig
ated
by
the
Att
or-
ney
Gen
eral
's O
ffic
e.So
urce
: CED
AW
rep
ort
Base
line:
8'6
76 c
ases
(201
3-20
16)
Targ
et: n
/a
4)#
of r
epor
ting
com
mitm
ents
ful
fille
d by
Afg
hani
stan
to-
war
ds h
uman
rig
hts
mec
hani
sms
and
impl
emen
tatio
nre
com
men
datio
ns (e
.g. U
PR)
Sour
ce: H
RSU
, OH
CH
RBa
selin
e: 1
78 im
plem
ente
d; 1
31 in
pro
gres
s; 1
074
not
impl
emen
ted
/ 1 r
epor
t (2
017)
Targ
et: n
/a
27
16
Sour
ce: A
IHRC
, UN
DP
repo
rts
Base
line:
4'3
40 (2
017)
Ta
rget
: 5'0
00 c
ompl
aint
s pe
r ye
ar
4)O
vera
ll an
nual
bud
get
and
% o
f st
ate
fund
ing
for
the
Afg
hani
stan
Inde
pend
ent
Hum
an R
ight
s C
om-
mis
sion
(The
mat
ic R
efer
ence
Indi
cato
r)So
urce
: AIH
RC r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: U
SD 6
'230
'000
(ave
rage
201
5-17
); 20
%(a
vera
ge 2
015-
17)
Targ
et: U
SD 6
'500
'000
; 25%
5)Th
e A
fgha
nist
an N
atio
nal H
uman
Rig
hts
Com
mis
sion
reta
ins
its A
sta
tus
rank
ing,
acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e Pa
ris P
rin-
cipl
es2
Sour
ce: I
nter
natio
nal C
oord
inat
ing
Com
mitt
ee o
f th
eN
atio
nal I
nstit
utio
ns f
or t
he P
rom
otio
n an
d Pr
otec
tion
of H
uman
Rig
hts
Base
line:
AIH
RC h
as A
sta
tus
Targ
et: A
IHRC
ret
ains
A s
tatu
s
Out
com
e 2:
Peo
ple
in n
eed,
esp
ecia
lly d
ispl
aced
and
co
nflic
t-af
fect
ed p
erso
ns,
have
acc
ess
to l
ife-
savi
ng
assi
stan
ce,
and
thei
r fu
ndam
enta
l ri
ghts
are
pro
-te
cted
.
1)X
X r
etur
nees
(M/F
) pro
vide
d w
ith p
ost-
arriv
al a
ssis
-ta
nce
[ARI
-HA
2]So
urce
: IO
M p
roje
ct r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: IO
M 1
0'05
7 (2
017/
2018
)Ta
rget
: 14’
000
peop
le y
early
2)X
X p
eopl
e in
nee
d (M
/F) w
ith a
cces
s to
pro
tect
ion
and
basi
c se
rvic
es (e
duca
tion,
foo
d, h
ealth
, she
lter,
w
ater
) [A
RI-H
A2]
Sour
ce: C
HF
annu
al r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: 1
.47
mill
ion
peop
le (2
017)
Targ
et: 1
.48
mill
ion
peop
le
3)X
X a
id a
genc
ies
have
ope
ratio
nal (
secu
rity
advi
-so
ry, n
egot
iatio
ns) a
nd p
hysi
cal (
air
tran
spor
t) a
c-ce
ss t
o be
nefic
iarie
sSo
urce
: PA
CTE
C, N
RC a
nd IN
SO r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: 1
’746
pas
seng
ers
(201
7); 2
64 o
rgan
isa-
tions
(201
8)Ta
rget
: 2'0
00 p
asse
nger
s; 2
80 o
rgan
isat
ions
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o th
e pr
ovis
ion
of e
mer
genc
y as
-si
stan
ce a
nd p
rote
ctio
n se
rvic
es f
or t
he m
ost
vuln
erab
le
peop
le, e
spec
ially
inte
rnal
ly d
ispl
aced
per
sons
and
ret
urn-
ees.
For
thi
s, it
wor
ks w
ith a
nd t
hrou
gh t
he m
ain
hum
an-
itaria
n ag
enci
es (
ICRC
, U
NH
CR,
IO
M)
and
Afg
hani
stan
's
Com
mon
Hum
anita
rian
Fund
.
Thro
ugh
its
prog
ram
mes
, Sw
itzer
land
al
so
help
s to
st
reng
then
the
ope
ratio
nal
inde
pend
ence
and
res
ilien
ce
of l
ocal
aid
pro
vide
rs w
hile
con
trib
utin
g to
exp
and
hu-
man
itaria
n ac
cess
(in
clud
ing
phys
ical
acc
ess
to h
ard-
to-
reac
h ar
eas)
.
Switz
erla
nd c
ontin
ues
to a
dvoc
ate
for t
he p
rogr
essi
ve a
nd
volu
ntar
y re
turn
of
Afg
han
retu
rnee
s as
wel
l as
thei
r in
te-
grat
ion
into
hos
t co
mm
uniti
es.
It ad
voca
tes
for
the
com
-pl
emen
tary
use
of
hum
anita
rian
and
deve
lopm
ent
inst
ru-
men
ts (n
exus
).
Risk
s
Wea
k ca
paci
ties/
lim
ited
auth
ority
am
ong
rele
vant
Gov
-er
nmen
t au
thor
ities
(MoR
R, A
ND
MA
).
Arm
ed c
onfli
ct d
eter
iora
tes,
gen
erat
ing
incr
ease
d in
tern
al
disp
lace
men
t.
Out
com
e 2:
Peo
ple
in n
eed
rece
ive
assi
stan
ce (H
uman
itar-
ian
Resp
onse
Pla
n 20
18-2
021
(HRP
)) an
d di
spla
ced
and
re-
turn
ed p
opul
atio
ns a
re in
tegr
ated
into
the
soci
al a
nd e
co-
nom
ic f
abri
c of
Afg
hani
stan
(Pol
icy
fram
ewor
k fo
r Re
turn
-ee
s an
d ID
Ps)
1)N
umbe
r of
peo
ple
in n
eed
prov
ided
with
ass
ista
nce
(dis
aggr
egat
ed b
y ge
nder
)So
urce
: HRP
rep
orts
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: tb
d (H
RP 2
018-
2021
for
201
9)
2)N
umbe
r of
peo
ple
in n
eed
have
acc
ess
to p
rote
ctio
nan
d ba
sic
serv
ices
, suc
h as
edu
catio
n, f
ood,
hea
lth,
shel
ter,
wat
er (d
isag
greg
ated
by
gend
er, r
etur
nees
,ID
Ps a
nd h
ost
com
mun
ities
)So
urce
: HRP
rep
orts
, DiR
EC A
ctio
n Pl
an (M
oRR)
Base
line:
edu
catio
n, 1
81’0
00; s
helte
r, 8
71’0
00; f
ood,
2m
illio
n; h
ealth
, 765
’000
; nut
ritio
n, 5
92’0
00; w
ater
,90
0’00
0) (H
RP 2
017)
Targ
et: t
bd (H
RP 2
018-
2021
for
201
9)
3)N
umbe
r of
IDP/
retu
rnee
s in
tegr
ated
in h
ost
com
mun
i-tie
sSo
urce
: Mul
ti-D
imen
sion
al In
dex
(MD
I), C
itize
n C
hart
er(W
B), D
iREC
Act
ion
Plan
(MoR
R)Ba
selin
e: 0
Targ
et: n
/a
2 Th
e Pa
ris P
rinci
ples
set
out
six
mai
n cr
iteria
tha
t na
tiona
l hum
an r
ight
s co
mm
issi
ons
are
requ
ired
to m
eet:
(1) M
anda
te a
nd c
ompe
tenc
e: a
bro
ad m
anda
te, b
ased
on
univ
ersa
l hum
an r
ight
s no
rms
and
stan
dard
s; (2
) Aut
onom
y fr
om G
over
nmen
t; (3
) Ind
epen
denc
e gu
aran
teed
by
stat
ute
or C
onst
itutio
n; (4
) Plu
ralis
m; (
5) A
dequ
ate
reso
urce
s; a
nd (6
) Ade
quat
e po
wer
s of
inve
stig
atio
n.
28
17
Det
erio
ratio
n in
Afg
hani
stan
’s r
elat
ions
with
its
nei
gh-
bour
s, e
spec
ially
Pak
ista
n, le
ads
to a
sud
den
mas
sive
influ
x of
ret
urne
es t
o A
fgha
nist
an.
Con
tinuo
us/in
crea
sed
viol
atio
ns o
f hu
man
rig
hts
and
In-
tern
atio
nal H
uman
itaria
n La
w (I
HL)
and
con
sequ
ent
re-
duct
ion
of h
uman
itaria
n sp
ace.
Acc
ess
rest
rictio
ns d
ue t
o m
ilita
ry o
pera
tions
, arm
ed
clas
hes
or t
arge
ted
viol
ence
aga
inst
hum
anita
rian
per-
sonn
el a
nd f
acili
ties.
Line
s of
Inte
rven
tion
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
O
utco
me
1 -
Con
trib
utin
g to
nat
iona
l ref
orm
s in
the
just
ice
sect
or a
nd e
nhan
cing
the
coo
pera
tion
of k
ey a
ctor
s (p
olic
e, a
ttor
ney
gene
ral’s
off
ice,
def
ence
law
yers
, jud
ges,
and
cus
tom
ary
just
ice
auth
oriti
es).
-Su
ppor
ting
capa
city
-bui
ldin
g of
just
ice
inst
itutio
ns w
ith s
peci
fic f
ocus
on
incr
ease
d le
gal a
id d
eliv
ery,
aw
aren
ess
rais
ing
of le
gal r
ight
s, a
nd h
uman
rig
hts
com
plia
nt le
gisl
ativ
edr
aftin
g.-
Supp
ortin
g th
e es
tabl
ishm
ent
of p
artic
ipat
ory
and
com
mun
ity-b
ased
saf
ety
asse
ssm
ents
.-
Con
trib
utin
g to
the
pro
mot
ion
and
prot
ectio
n of
hum
an r
ight
s, a
mon
g ot
hers
thr
ough
rel
ated
cap
acity
-bui
ldin
g of
rel
evan
t pu
blic
inst
itutio
ns; p
ublic
atio
n an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
of h
uman
rig
hts
rela
ted
mat
eria
l; ex
tens
ion
of h
uman
rig
hts
educ
atio
n an
d in
vest
igat
ion
and
follo
w-u
p of
the
cas
es o
f hu
man
rig
hts
viol
atio
ns a
nd c
ompl
aint
s.O
utco
me
2 -
Prov
idin
g co
mpr
ehen
sive
pos
t-ar
rival
ass
ista
nce
(sho
rt-t
erm
acc
omm
odat
ion,
bas
ic h
ealth
car
e an
d sc
reen
ing,
tra
nspo
rtat
ion
assi
stan
ce, c
ash
gran
ts, w
inte
r as
sist
ance
) to
retu
rnee
s (d
ocum
ente
d/un
docu
men
ted)
at
maj
or b
orde
r cro
ssin
gs-
Supp
ortin
g na
tiona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l NG
Os
in p
rovi
ding
tim
ely
and
flexi
ble
emer
genc
y as
sist
ance
and
pro
tect
ion
in li
ne w
ith t
he H
uman
itaria
n Re
spon
se P
lan
thro
ugh
the
Com
mon
Hum
anita
rian
Fund
. Thi
s in
clud
es a
ssis
tanc
e to
IDPs
, hos
t co
mm
uniti
es a
nd r
etur
nees
for
nut
ritio
n, w
ater
and
san
itatio
n, e
duca
tion,
hea
lth a
nd s
helte
r.-
Stre
ngth
en t
he o
pera
tiona
l ind
epen
denc
e of
hum
anita
rian
and
deve
lopm
ent
acto
rs t
hrou
gh t
he p
rovi
sion
of
secu
rity
info
rmat
ion,
ana
lysi
s an
d tr
aini
ng-
Ensu
ring
phys
ical
acc
ess
for
aid
wor
kers
to
hard
-to-
reac
h ar
eas
thro
ugh
hum
anita
rian
air
tran
spor
t-
Con
trib
utin
g to
exp
ande
d/ p
rese
rved
hum
anita
rian
acce
ss b
y st
reng
then
ing
the
oper
atio
nal i
ndep
ende
nce
of a
id p
rovi
ders
.-
Adv
ocat
ing
for
prot
ectio
n an
d in
tegr
atio
n of
inte
rnal
ly d
ispla
ced
pers
ons
and
retu
rnin
g re
fuge
es t
hrou
gh p
olic
y di
alog
ue a
nd p
artic
ipat
ion
in h
uman
itaria
n fo
raRe
sour
ces,
Par
tner
ship
s (S
wis
s Pr
ogra
mm
e)
Fina
ncia
l res
ourc
es: C
HF
50.5
mill
ion
(47.
4% o
f ove
rall b
udge
t; C
HF
26.8
mill
ion
Sout
h C
oope
ratio
n/ C
HF
23.7
mill
ion
Hum
anita
rian
Aid
)
Hum
an r
esou
rces
: Dep
uty
Dire
ctor
of
Coo
pera
tion
(80%
); 2
Nat
iona
l Pro
gram
me
Off
icer
s (2
00%
) for
out
com
e 1;
1 N
atio
nal P
rogr
amm
e O
ffic
er (1
00%
) for
out
com
e 2.
Part
ners
hips
: UN
Age
ncie
s (U
ND
P/U
N-H
abita
t/IO
M/U
NH
CR)
; Com
mon
Hum
anita
rian
Fund
(OC
HA
), A
fgha
nist
an In
depe
nden
t Hum
an R
ight
s C
omm
issi
on, n
atio
nal a
nd in
tern
atio
nal
NG
Os;
dia
logu
e w
ith M
inis
try
of J
ustic
e, M
inis
try
of In
terio
r; d
onor
s an
d im
plem
entin
g ag
enci
es fo
r ru
le o
f la
w a
nd h
uman
itaria
n ai
d (in
clud
ing
ICRC
). M
odal
ities
: Man
date
s an
d co
ntrib
utio
ns (b
ilate
ral,
mul
tilat
eral
, cor
e)
29
18
Man
agem
ent/
Perf
orm
ance
Res
ults
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
. See
Cha
pter
6 o
f CS
1.
Switz
erla
nd a
dvoc
ates
for
impr
oved
link
ages
bet
wee
n th
e fo
rmal
and
the
cus
tom
ary
just
ice
syst
em.
- Sw
itzer
land
act
ivel
y pa
rtic
ipat
es in
rel
evan
t co
ordi
natio
n fo
ra a
nd s
trat
egic
wor
king
gro
ups.
-
Switz
erla
nd c
lose
ly f
ollo
ws
up o
n th
e dr
aftin
g, a
ppro
val a
nd im
plem
enta
tion
proc
ess
of t
he n
ew la
w o
n th
e C
onci
liatio
n of
Civ
il D
ispu
tes.
2.
Switz
erla
nd a
dvoc
ates
for
the
incr
ease
d su
stai
nabi
lity
of s
uppo
rted
nat
iona
l ins
titut
ions
.
- Sw
itzer
land
adv
ocat
es f
or in
crea
sed
gove
rnm
ent
fund
ing
to t
he A
IHRC
. -
Switz
erla
nd a
dvoc
ates
for
a r
educ
tion
in t
he n
umbe
r of
don
or-f
unde
d te
chni
cal a
dvis
or p
ositi
ons
with
in t
he M
inis
try
of J
ustic
e an
d th
e In
depe
nden
t D
irect
orat
e fo
r Lo
cal G
over
nanc
e.
3.
Swis
s-su
ppor
ted
proj
ects
str
ive
to in
crea
se w
omen
's in
volv
emen
t in
pro
ject
act
iviti
es w
hile
tak
ing
into
acc
ount
con
text
-spe
cific
soc
ial n
orm
s.
- Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts w
ork
to in
crea
se w
omen
's a
cces
s to
just
ice
and
impr
ove
the
resp
ect
for
wom
en's
rig
hts
in ju
stic
e in
stitu
tions
(for
mal
and
cus
tom
ary)
. -
Swis
s-su
ppor
ted
hum
anita
rian
proj
ects
spe
cific
ally
tar
get
fem
ale
bene
ficia
ries,
who
are
the
mos
t vu
lner
able
in s
ituat
ions
of
conf
lict
and
disp
lace
men
t.
- Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts s
et t
arge
ts f
or w
omen
's in
volv
emen
t an
d re
port
sex
-dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
at a
ll le
vels
.
4.
Switz
erla
nd a
dvoc
ates
for
a f
lexi
ble
and
com
plem
enta
ry u
se o
f de
velo
pmen
t an
d hu
man
itaria
n in
stru
men
ts (n
exus
).
- Sw
itzer
land
sup
port
s a
clos
er e
xcha
nge
betw
een
deve
lopm
ent
and
hum
anita
rian
part
ners
, bot
h w
ithin
SD
C a
nd in
gen
eral
. -
Switz
erla
nd d
ocum
ents
goo
d pr
actic
es o
f th
e ne
xus
impl
emen
tatio
n in
Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts.
30
19
Dom
ain
of in
terv
enti
on 2
: Agr
icul
ture
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t (N
RM
) G
oal:
Smal
lhol
der
farm
ers
sust
aina
bly
impr
ove
thei
r liv
elih
oods
and
enh
ance
the
ir re
silie
nce
(SD
G 1
, 2 a
nd 1
5)
(1)S
wis
s Po
rtfo
lio O
utco
mes
3(2
)Con
trib
utio
n of
Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me
(3)C
ount
ry d
evel
opm
ent
or h
uman
itar
ian
outc
omes
Out
com
e 1:
Sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s in
crea
se
thei
rpr
oduc
tivi
ty a
nd i
ncom
e, a
nd f
ood
inse
curi
ty i
s re
-du
ced.
1)25
% a
nnua
l yie
ld in
crea
se f
or p
otat
oes,
whe
at(k
g/ha
) and
dai
ry p
rodu
ctio
n (l/
ani
mal
) by
XX
far
m-
ing
fam
ilies
sup
port
ed [A
RI-F
S4]
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts (S
LSD
, RA
MA
, ASL
I)Ba
selin
e: 0
far
min
g fa
mili
es; p
otat
oes
16'5
60kg
/ha,
whe
at 1
'995
kg/
ha, d
airy
5 l/
cow
Targ
et: 1
6'00
0 fa
rmin
g fa
mili
es; p
otat
oes
20'7
00kg
/ha,
whe
at 2
'500
kg/
ha, d
airy
6.2
5 l/a
nim
al
2)X
X s
mal
lhol
der
farm
ers
(M/F
) inc
reas
e th
eir
inco
me
in a
gric
ultu
re (c
rop
culti
vatio
n an
d liv
esto
ck) [
ARI
-E1
]So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
(SLS
D, R
AM
A, A
SLI)
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 16'
000
smal
lhol
der
farm
ers
3)X
X s
mal
lhol
der
farm
ers,
esp
ecia
lly w
omen
, pro
duce
vege
tabl
es, d
airy
or
poul
try
prod
ucts
for
hom
e co
n-su
mpt
ion
or lo
cal m
arke
ts.
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts (S
LSD
, RA
MA
, ASL
I)Ba
selin
e: 0
Targ
et: 8
'000
sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s
4)X
X p
eopl
e (M
/F) i
n em
erge
ncy
situ
atio
ns r
ecei
vesu
ppor
t (f
ood
or c
ash
tran
sfer
s) [A
RI-H
A2]
Sour
ce: W
FP r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: 1
.2 m
illio
n pe
ople
(201
7)Ta
rget
: 1.6
mill
ion
peop
le p
er y
ear
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o A
fgha
nist
an's
obj
ectiv
es i
npo
vert
y re
duct
ion
and
agric
ultu
ral d
evel
opm
ent
by s
up-
port
ing
smal
lhol
der
farm
ers,
esp
ecia
lly i
n re
mot
e an
dm
ount
aino
us a
reas
. Sw
iss -
fund
ed p
rogr
amm
es w
ork
di-
rect
ly w
ith f
arm
ers,
but
als
o ai
m t
o st
reng
then
sub
-na-
tiona
l ca
paci
ties,
par
ticul
arly
of
exte
nsio
n w
orke
rs.
This
cont
ribut
es t
o th
e re
form
age
nda
laid
out
in
the
2016
Nat
iona
l Com
preh
ensi
ve A
gric
ultu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Prio
r-ity
Pro
gram
me.
How
ever
, th
e ce
ntra
lised
pla
nnin
g an
dbu
dget
ing
syst
em,
the
limite
d fin
anci
al a
nd h
uman
re-
sour
ces
and
the
vest
ed in
tere
sts
of c
entr
al-le
vel o
ffic
ials
may
hin
der
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
se r
efor
ms.
Thro
ugh
its e
ngag
emen
t in
agr
icul
ture
, Sw
itzer
land
als
oco
ntrib
utes
to
impr
ovin
g fo
od s
ecur
ity in
Afg
hani
stan
, in
part
icul
ar f
or p
oor
rura
l fam
ilies
and
peo
ple
in e
mer
gen-
cies
(re
turn
ees,
ID
Ps,
vict
ims
of n
atur
al d
isas
ters
). It
ap-
plie
s hu
man
itaria
n an
d de
velo
pmen
t in
stru
men
ts i
n a
com
plem
enta
ry w
ay t
o m
eet
shor
t -te
rm n
eeds
and
con
-tr
ibut
e to
long
-ter
m d
evel
opm
ent
(nex
us).
Wom
en h
ave
a pa
rtic
ular
ly im
port
ant
role
to
play
whe
nit
com
es t
o nu
triti
on.
Smal
l -sca
le v
eget
able
, po
ultr
y an
dda
iry p
rodu
ctio
n al
so c
onst
itute
an
oppo
rtun
ity to
invo
lve
wom
en, s
ince
suc
h ac
tiviti
es a
re s
ocia
lly a
ccep
ted.
Em
er-
genc
y pr
epar
edne
ss m
easu
res
and
dire
ct s
uppo
rt in
the
form
of
nutr
itiou
s fo
od o
r ca
sh t
rans
fers
ena
ble
peop
leto
mee
t th
eir
basi
c fo
od r
equi
rem
ents
.
Risk
s
Adv
erse
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns a
nd e
xtre
me
wea
ther
eve
nts
(dro
ught
/flo
ods)
may
aff
ect
agric
ultu
ral
prod
uctio
n an
dfo
od s
ecur
ity.
Out
com
e 1:
Foo
d an
d nu
trit
ion
secu
rity
, a b
alan
ced
eco-
nom
ic g
row
th t
hrou
gh a
gric
ultu
re,
resu
ltin
g in
sta
bilit
y an
d ec
onom
ic e
mpo
wer
men
t of
wom
en a
nd m
en.
(Na-
tiona
l Com
preh
ensiv
e A
gric
ultu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Prio
rity
Pro-
gram
me
2016
-202
0)
1)In
crea
se w
heat
pro
duct
ion
to 5
.9 m
illio
n to
nsSo
urce
: CSO
Base
line:
4.0
5 m
illio
n to
nsTa
rget
: 5.9
mill
ion
tons
2)D
ecre
ase
the
prop
ortio
n of
peo
ple
suff
erin
g fr
om h
un-
ger
by 5
% p
er a
nnum
thr
ough
202
0.So
urce
: SD
G r
epor
ting,
ALC
SBa
selin
e: 4
4% o
f th
e po
pula
tion
is f
ood
inse
cure
and
12%
sev
erel
y fo
od in
secu
re (2
017)
Targ
et: 5
% a
nnua
l dec
reas
e
3)In
crea
se a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
n th
roug
h ki
tche
n ga
r-de
ns a
nd g
reen
hous
es a
nd s
tren
gthe
n w
omen
's li
ve-
stoc
k fa
rmin
g.So
urce
: WEE
NPP
Base
line:
20'
000
wom
en f
or v
eget
able
s, a
nd 6
00 f
orliv
esto
ckTa
rget
: 40'
000
wom
en f
or v
eget
able
and
10'
000
for
lives
tock
4)M
en, w
omen
and
chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
e lif
e-sa
ving
foo
d as
-si
stan
ce.
Sour
ce: H
RPBa
selin
e: 2
.2 m
illio
n (2
018)
Targ
et: 1
.4 m
illio
n (p
er y
ear)
3 A
ll re
sults
ref
er t
o SD
C t
arge
t ar
eas
31
20
Soci
al n
orm
s an
d pr
actic
es m
ay l
imit
poss
ibili
ties
for
wom
en's
invo
lvem
ent.
Ado
ptio
n of
impr
oved
agr
icul
tura
l pra
ctic
es r
emai
ns li
m-
ited
due
to a
lack
of
reso
urce
s an
d lo
w e
duca
tion
leve
ls.
Acc
ess
may
be
limite
d du
e to
sec
urity
con
cern
s.
Cha
nges
in
min
istr
y le
ader
ship
may
und
erm
ine
the
im-
plem
enta
tion
of r
efor
ms.
Out
com
e 2:
Sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s su
stai
nabl
y m
anag
e th
eir
natu
ral r
esou
rces
and
bec
ome
mor
e re
silie
nt.
1)X
X h
a of
land
cov
ered
by
sust
aina
ble
land
man
age-
men
t pr
actic
es (a
gron
omic
, veg
etat
ive,
str
uctu
ral,
man
agem
ent)
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts (S
LSD
, RA
MA
, ASL
I), s
atel
lite
data
Base
line:
0 h
aTa
rget
: 7'0
00 h
a
2)X
X c
omm
unity
-bas
ed in
stitu
tions
def
ine
and
impl
e-m
ent
a na
tura
l res
ourc
e m
anag
emen
t pl
anSo
urce
: RA
MA
pro
ject
rep
orts
Base
line:
0 c
omm
uniti
esTa
rget
: 30
com
mun
ities
3)X
X p
erso
ns b
enef
it fr
om lo
cally
impl
emen
ted
DRR
mea
sure
s an
d tr
aini
ngs
[ARI
-HA
5]So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
(SLS
D, R
AM
A)
Base
line:
1'5
00 p
erso
nsTa
rget
: 3'5
00 p
erso
ns
Switz
erla
nd s
uppo
rts
Afg
hani
stan
's e
ffor
ts in
sus
tain
able
, co
mm
unity
-bas
ed n
atur
al r
esou
rce
man
agem
ent,
esp
e-ci
ally
in r
emot
e an
d m
ount
aino
us a
reas
with
a f
ocus
on
rang
elan
ds.
Swis
s-fu
nded
pr
ogra
mm
es
aim
to
st
reng
then
loc
al g
over
nanc
e m
echa
nism
s to
ens
ure
the
reha
bilit
atio
n an
d su
stai
nabl
e us
e of
nat
ural
res
ourc
es.
Prot
ectin
g th
e N
RM b
ase
will
als
o m
ake
com
mun
ities
m
ore
resi
lient
to
the
effe
cts
of c
limat
e ch
ange
and
miti
-ga
te d
isas
ter
risks
.
Issu
es r
elat
ed t
o N
RM a
re g
aini
ng p
rom
inen
ce a
t th
e na
-tio
nal
leve
l, bo
th w
ithin
the
MA
IL a
nd a
mon
g do
nors
. Th
e N
atio
nal N
RM S
trat
egy
sets
cle
ar p
riorit
ies
and
tar-
gets
. N
ever
thel
ess,
the
sec
tor
rem
ains
und
erfu
nded
and
go
vern
men
t re
sour
ces
and
capa
citie
s at
the
sub
natio
nal
leve
l are
insu
ffic
ient
.
Risk
s
Com
mun
ity-b
ased
inst
itutio
ns m
ay b
e do
min
ated
by
tra-
ditio
nal
elite
s an
d m
ay n
ot b
e in
clus
ive,
esp
ecia
lly o
f w
omen
.
Adv
erse
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns a
nd e
xtre
me
wea
ther
eve
nts
may
und
erm
ine
reha
bilit
atio
n ef
fort
s.
Lack
of
will
ingn
ess
of t
he g
over
nmen
t to
ado
pt a
nd im
-pl
emen
t th
e ra
ngel
and
man
agem
ent
mod
el.
The
need
of c
omm
uniti
es t
o ge
nera
te s
hort
-ter
m in
com
e m
ay
unde
rmin
e th
eir
supp
ort
for
long
-ter
m
NRM
m
easu
res.
Acc
ess
may
be
limite
d du
e to
sec
urity
con
cern
s.
Out
com
e 2:
Eco
syst
ems
are
heal
thy,
res
ilien
t an
d w
ell
man
aged
pro
vidi
ng a
goo
d en
viro
nmen
t of
hab
itat
ion
and
supp
orti
ng s
usta
inab
le a
nd e
quit
able
soc
ioec
onom
ic
deve
lopm
ent
for
qual
ity
life.
(N
atio
nal
NRM
St
rate
gy,
2017
-202
1)
1)Im
prov
ed r
ange
land
eco
syst
ems
and
ecos
yste
m s
ervi
ces
for
bett
er li
velih
oods
Sour
ce: M
AIL
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 210
'000
ha
cons
erve
d, 2
05'0
00 r
esto
red
2)Ra
ngel
and
Man
agem
ent
Ass
ocia
tions
est
ablis
hed
and
capa
cita
ted
Sour
ce: M
AIL
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 340
per
yea
r
3)A
t pr
esen
t, th
ere
is no
nat
iona
l mon
itorin
g an
d re
port
-in
g m
echa
nism
for
DRR
in p
lace
.
32
19
Dom
ain
of in
terv
enti
on 2
: Agr
icul
ture
and
Nat
ural
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t (N
RM
) G
oal:
Smal
lhol
der
farm
ers
sust
aina
bly
impr
ove
thei
r liv
elih
oods
and
enh
ance
the
ir re
silie
nce
(SD
G 1
, 2 a
nd 1
5)
(1)S
wis
s Po
rtfo
lio O
utco
mes
3(2
)Con
trib
utio
n of
Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me
(3)C
ount
ry d
evel
opm
ent
or h
uman
itar
ian
outc
omes
Out
com
e 1:
Sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s in
crea
se
thei
rpr
oduc
tivi
ty a
nd i
ncom
e, a
nd f
ood
inse
curi
ty i
s re
-du
ced.
1)25
% a
nnua
l yie
ld in
crea
se f
or p
otat
oes,
whe
at(k
g/ha
) and
dai
ry p
rodu
ctio
n (l/
ani
mal
) by
XX
far
m-
ing
fam
ilies
sup
port
ed [A
RI-F
S4]
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts (S
LSD
, RA
MA
, ASL
I)Ba
selin
e: 0
far
min
g fa
mili
es; p
otat
oes
16'5
60kg
/ha,
whe
at 1
'995
kg/
ha, d
airy
5 l/
cow
Targ
et: 1
6'00
0 fa
rmin
g fa
mili
es; p
otat
oes
20'7
00kg
/ha,
whe
at 2
'500
kg/
ha, d
airy
6.2
5 l/a
nim
al
2)X
X s
mal
lhol
der
farm
ers
(M/F
) inc
reas
e th
eir
inco
me
in a
gric
ultu
re (c
rop
culti
vatio
n an
d liv
esto
ck) [
ARI
-E1
]So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
(SLS
D, R
AM
A, A
SLI)
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 16'
000
smal
lhol
der
farm
ers
3)X
X s
mal
lhol
der
farm
ers,
esp
ecia
lly w
omen
, pro
duce
vege
tabl
es, d
airy
or
poul
try
prod
ucts
for
hom
e co
n-su
mpt
ion
or lo
cal m
arke
ts.
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts (S
LSD
, RA
MA
, ASL
I)Ba
selin
e: 0
Targ
et: 8
'000
sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s
4)X
X p
eopl
e (M
/F) i
n em
erge
ncy
situ
atio
ns r
ecei
vesu
ppor
t (f
ood
or c
ash
tran
sfer
s) [A
RI-H
A2]
Sour
ce: W
FP r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: 1
.2 m
illio
n pe
ople
(201
7)Ta
rget
: 1.6
mill
ion
peop
le p
er y
ear
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o A
fgha
nist
an's
obj
ectiv
es i
npo
vert
y re
duct
ion
and
agric
ultu
ral d
evel
opm
ent
by s
up-
port
ing
smal
lhol
der
farm
ers,
esp
ecia
lly i
n re
mot
e an
dm
ount
aino
us a
reas
. Sw
iss-
fund
ed p
rogr
amm
es w
ork
di-
rect
ly w
ith f
arm
ers,
but
als
o ai
m t
o st
reng
then
sub
-na-
tiona
l ca
paci
ties,
par
ticul
arly
of
exte
nsio
n w
orke
rs.
This
cont
ribut
es t
o th
e re
form
age
nda
laid
out
in
the
2016
Nat
iona
l Com
preh
ensi
ve A
gric
ultu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Prio
r-ity
Pro
gram
me.
How
ever
, th
e ce
ntra
lised
pla
nnin
g an
dbu
dget
ing
syst
em,
the
limite
d fin
anci
al a
nd h
uman
re-
sour
ces
and
the
vest
ed in
tere
sts
of c
entr
al-le
vel o
ffic
ials
may
hin
der
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
se r
efor
ms.
Thro
ugh
its e
ngag
emen
t in
agr
icul
ture
, Sw
itzer
land
als
oco
ntrib
utes
to
impr
ovin
g fo
od s
ecur
ity in
Afg
hani
stan
, in
part
icul
ar f
or p
oor
rura
l fam
ilies
and
peo
ple
in e
mer
gen-
cies
(re
turn
ees,
ID
Ps,
vict
ims
of n
atur
al d
isas
ters
). It
ap-
plie
s hu
man
itaria
n an
d de
velo
pmen
t in
stru
men
ts i
n a
com
plem
enta
ry w
ay t
o m
eet
shor
t-te
rm n
eeds
and
con
-tr
ibut
e to
long
-ter
m d
evel
opm
ent
(nex
us).
Wom
en h
ave
a pa
rtic
ular
ly im
port
ant
role
to
play
whe
nit
com
es t
o nu
triti
on.
Smal
l-sca
le v
eget
able
, po
ultr
y an
dda
iry p
rodu
ctio
n al
so c
onst
itute
an
oppo
rtun
ity to
invo
lve
wom
en, s
ince
suc
h ac
tiviti
es a
re s
ocia
lly a
ccep
ted.
Em
er-
genc
y pr
epar
edne
ss m
easu
res
and
dire
ct s
uppo
rt in
the
form
of
nutr
itiou
s fo
od o
r ca
sh t
rans
fers
ena
ble
peop
leto
mee
t th
eir
basi
c fo
od r
equi
rem
ents
.
Risk
s
Adv
erse
clim
atic
con
ditio
ns a
nd e
xtre
me
wea
ther
eve
nts
(dro
ught
/flo
ods)
may
aff
ect
agric
ultu
ral
prod
uctio
n an
dfo
od s
ecur
ity.
Out
com
e 1:
Foo
d an
d nu
trit
ion
secu
rity
, a b
alan
ced
eco-
nom
ic g
row
th t
hrou
gh a
gric
ultu
re,
resu
ltin
g in
sta
bilit
y an
d ec
onom
ic e
mpo
wer
men
t of
wom
en a
nd m
en.
(Na-
tiona
l Com
preh
ensiv
e A
gric
ultu
re D
evel
opm
ent
Prio
rity
Pro-
gram
me
2016
-202
0)
1)In
crea
se w
heat
pro
duct
ion
to 5
.9 m
illio
n to
nsSo
urce
: CSO
Base
line:
4.0
5 m
illio
n to
nsTa
rget
: 5.9
mill
ion
tons
2)D
ecre
ase
the
prop
ortio
n of
peo
ple
suff
erin
g fr
om h
un-
ger
by 5
% p
er a
nnum
thr
ough
202
0.So
urce
: SD
G r
epor
ting,
ALC
SBa
selin
e: 4
4% o
f th
e po
pula
tion
is f
ood
inse
cure
and
12%
sev
erel
y fo
od in
secu
re (2
017)
Targ
et: 5
% a
nnua
l dec
reas
e
3)In
crea
se a
gric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctio
n th
roug
h ki
tche
n ga
r-de
ns a
nd g
reen
hous
es a
nd s
tren
gthe
n w
omen
's li
ve-
stoc
k fa
rmin
g.So
urce
: WEE
NPP
Base
line:
20'
000
wom
en f
or v
eget
able
s, a
nd 6
00 f
orliv
esto
ckTa
rget
: 40'
000
wom
en f
or v
eget
able
and
10'
000
for
lives
tock
4)M
en, w
omen
and
chi
ldre
n re
ceiv
e lif
e-sa
ving
foo
d as
-si
stan
ce.
Sour
ce: H
RPBa
selin
e: 2
.2 m
illio
n (2
018)
Targ
et: 1
.4 m
illio
n (p
er y
ear)
3 A
ll re
sults
ref
er t
o SD
C t
arge
t ar
eas
21
Line
s of
Inte
rven
tion
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
Out
com
e 1
-Im
prov
ing
yiel
ds o
f st
aple
cro
ps t
hrou
gh im
prov
ed a
gric
ultu
ral p
ract
ices
, inp
ut p
rovi
sion
and
wat
er m
anag
emen
t.-
Supp
ortin
g ve
geta
ble,
dai
ry a
nd p
oultr
y pr
oduc
tion
to im
prov
e ho
useh
old
nutr
ition
and
eng
age
wom
en in
pro
ject
act
iviti
es t
hrou
gh t
rain
ing
and
dist
ribut
ion
of s
mal
l rum
i-na
nts
and
chic
ks (a
sset
cre
atio
n) a
nd e
stab
lishi
ng g
arde
n pl
ots
and
gree
nhou
ses.
-Pr
omot
ion
of h
igh
valu
e pr
oduc
ts (f
ruits
, nut
s, v
eget
able
s) b
y pr
ovid
ing
trai
ning
, tec
hnic
al s
uppo
rt, s
eeds
/ sap
lings
, inp
uts
and
stor
age.
-Pr
ovis
ion
of e
mer
genc
y fo
od a
ssis
tanc
e th
roug
h W
FP a
nd w
ithin
the
fra
mew
ork
of o
ngoi
ng d
evel
opm
ent
prog
ram
mes
, whe
re r
elev
ant
and
need
ed.
-Fo
rmat
ion
of c
omm
on in
tere
st g
roup
s to
bet
ter
link
farm
ers
to m
arke
ts a
nd im
prov
e th
eir
barg
aini
ng p
ower
.-
Trai
ning
and
equ
ippi
ng e
xten
sion
off
icer
s to
ena
ble
them
to
prov
ide
rele
vant
ser
vice
s an
d in
puts
to
farm
ers.
-C
reat
ing
shor
t-te
rm e
mpl
oym
ent
("C
ash
for
Wor
k") i
n co
nstr
uctio
n/ r
ehab
ilita
tion
of ir
rigat
ion
infr
astr
uctu
re.
Out
com
e 2
-Es
tabl
ishm
ent
and
trai
ning
of
rang
elan
d m
anag
emen
t as
soci
atio
ns.
-D
evel
opm
ent
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
ran
gela
nd m
anag
emen
t pl
ans,
incl
udin
g st
ruct
ural
mea
sure
s (e
.g. i
rrig
atio
n in
fras
truc
ture
, soi
l bun
ds, t
erra
cing
), w
here
nee
ded.
-M
ains
trea
min
g D
RR in
all
agric
ultu
re a
nd r
ural
dev
elop
men
t in
terv
entio
ns t
hrou
gh t
rain
ings
and
for
mat
ion
of D
RR c
omm
ittee
s.-
Prom
otin
g su
stai
nabl
e us
e of
nat
ural
res
ourc
es b
y es
tabl
ishi
ng d
emon
stra
tion
site
s fo
r su
stai
nabl
e la
nd m
anag
emen
t pr
actic
es, t
rain
ing
exte
nsio
n of
ficer
s an
d su
ppor
ting
repl
icat
ion.
-C
reat
ing
shor
t-te
rm e
mpl
oym
ent
("C
ash
for
Wor
k") i
n su
stai
nabl
e la
nd m
anag
emen
t ac
tiviti
es (e
.g. r
efor
esta
tion)
for
poo
r an
d vu
lner
able
pop
ulat
ions
.-
Enga
ging
the
Gen
eral
Dire
ctor
ate
of N
RM t
o de
velo
p an
d ap
prov
e a
natio
nal m
odel
for
com
mun
ity-b
ased
ran
gela
nd m
anag
emen
t.Re
sour
ces,
Par
tner
ship
s (S
wis
s Pr
ogra
mm
e)
Fina
ncia
l res
ourc
es: C
HF
33.5
mill
ion
(31.
5% o
f ov
eral
l bud
get;
CH
F 28
mill
ion
Sout
h C
oope
ratio
n/ C
HF
5.5
mill
ion
Hum
anita
rian
Aid
)
Hum
an r
esou
rces
: 1 S
wis
s Pr
ogra
mm
e M
anag
er (5
0%),
1 Se
nior
Nat
iona
l Pro
gram
me
Off
icer
(100
%)
Part
ners
hips
: Loc
al (T
LO) a
nd in
tern
atio
nal (
Afg
hana
id) N
GO
s; F
AO
; WFP
; Min
istr
y of
Agr
icul
ture
, Irr
igat
ion
and
Live
stoc
k
Mod
aliti
es: M
anda
te p
roje
cts
with
NG
O im
plem
entin
g pa
rtne
rs; e
arm
arke
d co
ntrib
utio
n to
FA
O p
roje
ct; a
nd u
n-ea
rmar
ked
cont
ribut
ions
to
the
WFP
cou
ntry
pro
gram
me,
and
to
the
ART
F.
Man
agem
ent/
Perf
orm
ance
Res
ults
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
, See
Cha
pter
6 o
f CS
1.Sw
itzer
land
adv
ocat
es f
or in
clus
ive,
pro
-poo
r po
licie
s an
d pr
ogra
mm
es in
the
agr
icul
ture
sec
tor.
-Sw
itzer
land
rai
ses
issu
es o
n po
vert
y fo
cus
and
incl
usio
n in
the
Agr
icul
ture
Wor
king
Gro
up a
nd in
ART
F do
nor
mee
tings
.-
Switz
erla
nd p
rovi
des
inpu
ts f
or n
atio
nal p
olic
ies,
pla
ns a
nd p
rogr
amm
es t
o en
sure
tha
t po
vert
y fo
cus
and
incl
usio
n ar
e ta
ken
into
con
side
ratio
n.
2.Sw
itzer
land
is r
ecog
nise
d by
the
Afg
han
Gov
ernm
ent
and
the
inte
rnat
iona
l com
mun
ity a
s a
lead
ing
part
ner
in t
he N
RM s
ecto
r.
-Sw
itzer
land
is a
n ac
tive
mem
ber
of t
he N
RM S
take
hold
er C
oord
inat
ion
Com
mitt
ee.
-Th
e Sw
iss-
man
date
d Ra
ngel
and
Man
agem
ent
proj
ect
is t
he n
atio
nal r
efer
ence
pro
ject
for
com
mun
ity-b
ased
nat
ural
res
ourc
e m
anag
emen
t.-
Switz
erla
nd s
uppo
rts
an a
nnua
l NRM
con
fere
nce
orga
nize
d jo
intly
with
the
Gen
eral
Dire
ctor
ate
for
NRM
.
3.Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts in
crea
sing
ly s
hift
fro
m a
dire
ct im
plem
enta
tion
appr
oach
tow
ards
a f
acili
tatio
n an
d sy
stem
-str
engt
heni
ng a
ppro
ach.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts w
ork
with
and
thr
ough
the
Min
istr
y of
Agr
icul
ture
, Irr
igat
ion
and
Live
stoc
k's
stru
ctur
es a
t th
e su
b-na
tiona
l lev
el.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts h
ave
spec
ific
outc
omes
on
syst
em-s
tren
gthe
ning
and
cap
acity
-bui
ldin
g.
22
4.Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts s
triv
e to
incr
ease
wom
en's
invo
lvem
ent
in p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ities
whi
le t
akin
g in
to a
ccou
nt c
onte
xt-s
peci
fic s
ocia
l nor
ms.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts in
volv
e w
omen
in p
artic
ipat
ory
plan
ning
and
soc
ial a
udits
.-
Swis
s-su
ppor
ted
proj
ects
incl
ude
activ
ities
spe
cific
ally
tar
gete
d at
wom
en b
enef
icia
ries
(e.g
. veg
etab
le g
arde
ns, l
ives
tock
rea
ring,
and
dai
ry p
roce
ssin
g).
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts s
et t
arge
ts f
or w
omen
's in
volv
emen
t an
d re
port
sex
-dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
at a
ll le
vels
.
33
23
Dom
ain
of in
terv
enti
on 3
: Bas
ic E
duca
tion
G
oal:
Girl
s an
d bo
ys b
enef
it fr
om s
afe,
equ
itabl
e an
d re
leva
nt q
ualit
y ba
sic e
duca
tion
(SD
G 4
)
(1)S
wis
s Po
rtfo
lio O
utco
mes
4(2
)Con
trib
utio
n of
Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me
(3)C
ount
ry d
evel
opm
ent
or h
uman
itar
ian
outc
omes
Out
com
e 1:
Gir
ls a
nd b
oys,
inc
ludi
ng i
n em
erge
ncie
s,ha
ve in
crea
sed
acce
ss t
o sa
fe a
nd q
ualit
y ed
ucat
ion.
1)X
X c
hild
ren
(age
d 7-
15 y
ears
) gai
ned
acce
ss t
oba
sic
educ
atio
n (M
/F/ i
n em
erge
ncie
s). [
ARI
-EV
1]So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
, EiE
wor
king
gro
up, E
MIS
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 25'
000
(50%
girl
s)
2)X
X a
nd %
of
targ
eted
sch
ool s
hura
s ar
e ac
tive5
and
impr
ove
scho
ol-b
ased
gov
erna
nce.
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
ts/M
oEBa
selin
e: t
o be
def
ined
Targ
et: 1
040
/ 80%
3)X
X a
nd %
of
targ
eted
sch
ools
with
saf
e6 an
d co
n-du
cive
lear
ning
env
ironm
ents
.So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
Base
line:
to
be d
efin
edTa
rget
: 104
0 / 8
0%
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
tar
-ge
ts o
f th
e N
atio
nal
Educ
atio
n St
rate
gic
Plan
(N
ESP
lll).
Und
er t
he p
illar
of
equi
tabl
e ac
cess
, Sw
iss
inte
rven
tions
prom
ote
com
mun
ity in
volv
emen
t in
educ
atio
n to
ach
ieve
bett
er a
nd s
afer
lear
ning
env
ironm
ents
and
incr
ease
d en
-ro
lmen
t, t
here
by c
ontr
ibut
ing
to s
ocia
l coh
esio
n . T
his
pil-
lar
incl
udes
Ed
ucat
ion
in
Emer
genc
y in
terv
entio
nsth
roug
h fo
rmal
or
alte
rnat
ive
educ
atio
n. S
choo
l sh
uras
play
a k
ey r
ole
in m
obili
sing
com
mun
ities
, but
als
o in
en-
hanc
ing
acco
unta
bilit
y of
edu
catio
n se
rvic
es. I
n its
pol
icy
dial
ogue
at
the
natio
nal l
evel
, Sw
itzer
land
adv
ocat
es f
oren
hanc
ed c
omm
unity
eng
agem
ent
and
impr
oved
lin
k-ag
es b
etw
een
educ
atio
n in
em
e rge
ncie
s an
d th
e fo
rmal
scho
ol s
yste
m.
Risk
s
Acc
ess
may
be
limite
d du
e to
sec
urity
con
cern
s (in
clud
ing
the
use
of e
duca
tion
faci
litie
s by
par
ties
to t
he c
onfli
ct).
Com
mun
ities
do
not
fully
sup
port
edu
catio
n, e
spec
ially
for
girls
due
to
prev
ailin
g so
cial
nor
ms.
Shur
as a
re n
ot in
clus
ive
(esp
ecia
lly o
f w
omen
).
Insu
ffic
ient
fun
ding
and
sta
ffin
g fo
r sc
hool
s an
d th
e So
-ci
al M
obili
satio
n D
irect
orat
e.
Out
com
e 1:
Inc
reas
ed e
quit
able
ava
ilabi
lity
of r
espo
n-si
ve,
safe
and
con
duci
ve l
earn
ing
and
skill
s tr
aini
ng o
p-po
rtun
itie
s. (N
atio
nal E
duca
tion
Stra
tegi
c Pl
an, 2
017-
2021
) 1)
XX
chi
ldre
n (M
/F)
enro
lled
in g
ener
al e
duca
tion,
for
mal
and
non-
form
alSo
urce
: EM
ISBa
selin
e (2
017)
: 8.9
mill
ion
(39
% g
irls)
Targ
et (2
021)
: 10
mill
ion
(41%
girl
s)
2)N
et e
nrol
men
t ra
te in
gen
eral
edu
catio
nSo
urce
: EM
ISBa
selin
e (2
017)
: 59.
6% (M
: 72.
0%; F
: 46.
1%)
Targ
et (2
021)
: 71.
8% (M
: 81.
8%; F
: 61.
3%)
3)N
umbe
r of
act
ive
scho
ol m
anag
emen
t sh
uras
Sour
ce: E
MIS
/ NES
P m
onito
ring
Base
line
(201
7): 6
'902
Targ
et: t
o be
def
ined
4)%
of g
ener
al e
duca
tion
scho
ols
with
labo
rato
ries
and/
orlib
rarie
sSo
urce
: EM
IS, N
ESP
mon
itorin
gBa
selin
e (2
015)
: 25.
9% la
bora
torie
s, 1
0% li
brar
ies
Targ
et (2
021)
: 55.
5% la
bora
torie
s, 3
6% li
brar
ies
4 A
ll re
sults
ref
er t
o Sw
iss
targ
et a
reas
5
Acc
ordi
ng t
o th
e So
cial
Mob
ilisa
tion
stra
tegy
of
the
Min
istr
y of
Edu
catio
n, a
ctiv
e sc
hool
shu
ras
are
thos
e th
at f
ulfil
the
ir m
anda
te o
f aw
aren
ess
rais
ing,
mon
itorin
g, a
nd s
uppo
rtin
g sc
hool
s, in
clud
ing
faci
litat
ing
ongo
ing
oper
atio
ns o
f sc
hool
s in
cha
lleng
ing
envi
ronm
ents
. 6
For t
he S
DC
saf
ety
mea
ns t
o en
able
sch
ools
to m
inim
ise p
hysi
cal v
ulne
rabi
litie
s, im
prov
e sa
nita
tion
faci
litie
s, s
ecur
e dr
inki
ng w
ater
and
cre
ate
safe
and
pro
tect
ed s
pace
s fo
r ch
ildre
n.
34
24
Out
com
e 2:
Edu
cati
on a
utho
riti
es, a
cade
mic
sup
ervi
-so
rs, t
each
ers
and
adm
inis
trat
ors
prov
ide
bett
er s
er-
vice
s.
1)X
X
educ
atio
nal
pers
onne
l an
d te
ache
rs
(M/F
)tr
aine
d. [A
RI-E
V2]
Sour
ce: p
roje
ct r
epor
tsBa
selin
e: 0
Targ
et: 3
’160
(aca
dem
ic s
uper
viso
rs, t
each
ers
and
scho
ol a
dmin
istr
ator
s)
2)X
X a
nd %
of s
choo
ls re
ceiv
e im
prov
ed7 a
cade
mic
su-
perv
isio
n su
ppor
t.So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
, EM
ISBa
selin
e: 0
Targ
et: 1
040
/ 80%
3)X
X a
nd %
of
scho
ols
impl
emen
t te
ache
rs l
earn
ing
and
peer
sup
port
(with
in th
e sc
hool
and
am
ong
clus
-te
red
scho
ols)
.So
urce
: pro
ject
rep
orts
Base
line:
0Ta
rget
: 104
0 / 8
0%
Switz
erla
nd c
ontr
ibut
es t
o th
e ac
hiev
emen
t of
the
tar
-ge
ts o
f th
e N
atio
nal E
duca
tion
Stra
tegi
c Pl
an (N
ESP)
. Un-
der t
he p
illar
of q
ualit
y an
d re
leva
nce,
Sw
iss
inte
rven
tions
fo
cus
on s
tren
gthe
ning
the
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sion
sys
tem
. Th
is w
ill e
nabl
e th
e M
inis
try
of E
duca
tion
and
the
prov
in-
cial
an
d di
stric
t ed
ucat
ion
depa
rtm
ents
to
pr
ovid
e sc
hool
s an
d te
ache
rs w
ith g
uida
nce
and
supp
ort,
esp
e-ci
ally
tho
se w
ith q
ualif
icat
ions
bel
ow t
he r
equi
red
stan
d-ar
d (g
rade
14)
. Th
roug
h te
ache
r le
arni
ng c
ircle
s w
ithin
sc
hool
s an
d am
ong
clus
tere
d sc
hool
s, t
each
ers
will
ex-
chan
ge k
now
ledg
e an
d ex
perie
nces
.
Both
aca
dem
ic s
uper
visi
on a
nd t
each
er r
ecru
itmen
t de
-pe
nd o
n po
licie
s an
d fu
ndin
g fr
om t
he M
inis
try
of E
du-
catio
n. In
its
polic
y di
alog
ue w
ith t
he M
inis
try
of E
duca
-tio
n an
d th
roug
h ac
tive
part
icip
atio
n in
rele
vant
dia
logu
e an
d co
ordi
natio
n m
echa
nism
s (s
uch
as A
RTF
and
GPE
), Sw
itzer
land
adv
ocat
es fo
r allo
catio
n of
reso
urce
s to
thes
e cr
ucia
l are
as.
The
NES
P se
ts o
ut a
ref
orm
age
nda
for
the
Min
istr
y, b
ut
acto
rs b
enef
iting
fro
m t
he s
tatu
s qu
o m
ay h
inde
r its
im-
plem
ent a
tion.
Risk
s
Acc
ess
may
be
limite
d du
e to
sec
urity
con
cern
s.
Lear
ning
out
com
es r
emai
n w
eak
due
to a
lack
of
teac
her
acco
unta
bilit
y an
d m
onito
ring.
Insu
ffic
ient
fin
anci
al s
uppo
rt f
rom
the
Min
istr
y of
Edu
ca-
tion
for
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sion
.
Freq
uent
cha
nges
of
seni
or p
ositi
ons
at t
he s
ubna
tiona
l le
vel.
Out
com
e 2:
The
cap
acit
y of
sch
ools
/lear
ning
cen
tres
to
prom
ote
stud
ent
atta
inm
ent
as p
er n
atio
nal
stan
dard
is
impr
oved
. (N
atio
nal E
duca
tion
Stra
tegi
c Pl
an, 2
017-
2021
) 1)
% o
f sch
ools
rec
eivi
ng a
t le
ast o
ne a
nnua
l visi
t (fr
om a
c-ad
emic
sup
ervi
sors
)So
urce
: NES
P m
onito
ring
Base
line:
to
be d
efin
edTa
rget
: 100
% (2
020)
2)%
of
fem
ale
teac
hers
in g
ener
al e
duca
tion
Sour
ce: E
MIS
, NES
P re
port
ing
Base
line
(201
5): 3
3.3%
Targ
et (2
021)
: 40.
7%
3)%
of
teac
hers
with
the
req
uire
d qu
alifi
catio
ns (
at le
ast
grad
e 14
)So
urce
: EM
ISBa
selin
e: 4
3%Ta
rget
: to
be d
efin
ed
4)X
X c
rede
ntia
led
teac
hers
Sour
ce: N
ESP
mon
itorin
g, E
MIS
Base
line:
0 t
each
ers
(201
7)Ta
rget
: 250
'000
tea
cher
s (2
021)
5)Sc
hool
s w
ith p
rinci
pals
tra
ined
in s
choo
l man
agem
ent.
Sour
ce: E
MIS
, NES
P re
port
ing
Base
line
(201
7): 9
'000
prin
cipa
lsTa
rget
(202
1): 2
2'00
0 pr
inci
pals
7 Th
is e
ncom
pass
es a
) mor
e fr
eque
nt v
isits
of
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sors
and
b) h
ighe
r qu
ality
men
torin
g/ad
vice
by
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sors
.
35
25
Line
s of
Inte
rven
tion
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
Out
com
e 1
-Su
ppor
ting
com
mun
ity m
obili
satio
n an
d st
reng
then
ing
syne
rgie
s am
ong
loca
l edu
catio
n st
akeh
olde
rs (s
choo
l shu
ras,
CD
C e
duca
tion
sub-
com
mitt
ees)
to
incr
ease
enr
olm
ent
in r
emot
e an
d ha
rd-t
o-re
ach
area
s. P
ilotin
g in
nova
tive
solu
tions
to
incr
ease
girl
s' e
nrol
men
t.-
Wor
king
with
MoE
, pro
vinc
ial a
nd d
istr
ict
educ
atio
n di
rect
orat
es t
o em
pow
er c
omm
uniti
es (t
hrou
gh s
choo
l shu
ras
and
CD
C e
duca
tion
sub-
com
mitt
ees)
to
mon
itor
the
qual
ity o
f an
d ac
cess
to
educ
atio
n as
wel
l as
the
qual
ity o
f su
ppor
ting
serv
ices
.-
Prom
otin
g so
cial
aud
its a
s a
tool
for
par
ticip
atio
n, t
rans
pare
ncy
and
acco
unta
bilit
y.-
Impr
ovin
g le
arni
ng e
nviro
nmen
ts t
hrou
gh p
hysi
cal m
easu
res
(e.g
. san
itatio
n fa
cilit
ies,
reh
abili
tatio
n of
bui
ldin
gs, e
quip
men
t), i
n lin
e w
ith p
artic
ipat
ory
scho
ol d
evel
opm
ent
plan
s.-
Con
trib
utin
g to
the
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
nat
iona
l Edu
catio
n in
Em
erge
ncy
Resp
onse
Pla
n to
pro
vide
edu
catio
n to
ret
urne
e, ID
P an
d ho
st c
omm
unity
chi
ldre
n by
sup
port
ing
alte
rnat
ive
educ
atio
n.-
Prov
idin
g sa
fety
and
chi
ld p
rote
ctio
n tr
aini
ng f
or s
choo
l prin
cipa
ls, t
each
ers
and
scho
ol s
hura
s m
embe
rs t
o m
ake
lear
ning
env
ironm
ents
saf
er a
nd e
nsur
e su
ffic
ient
cap
acity
to m
anag
e ed
ucat
ion
for
retu
rnee
s an
d ch
ildre
n in
em
erge
ncy
situ
atio
ns.
Out
com
e 2
-Le
adin
g an
d su
ppor
ting
trai
ning
and
pro
fess
iona
l dev
elop
men
t pr
ogra
mm
es f
or a
cade
mic
sup
ervi
sors
and
equ
ippi
ng t
hem
with
the
nec
essa
ry r
esou
rces
to
fulfi
l the
ir m
an-
date
, inc
ludi
ng im
plem
enta
tion
of t
he le
arni
ng a
sses
smen
t fr
amew
ork.
-W
orki
ng w
ith a
cade
mic
sup
ervi
sors
as
the
mai
n en
try
poin
t to
impr
ove
the
qual
ity a
nd g
over
nanc
e of
edu
catio
n in
sch
ools
, inc
ludi
ng b
y su
ppor
ting
the
desi
gn a
nd im
ple-
men
tatio
n of
sch
ool d
evel
opm
ent
plan
s.-
Prom
otin
g pe
er-le
arni
ng a
mon
g te
ache
rs a
nd s
choo
l adm
inis
trat
ion
staf
f to
impr
ove
subj
ect-
spec
ific
and
met
hodo
logi
cal k
now
ledg
e.-
Prov
idin
g in
-ser
vice
tea
cher
tra
inin
g an
d co
achi
ng f
or t
each
ers
and
adm
inis
trat
ors.
-En
gage
in p
olic
y di
alog
ue a
t th
e na
tiona
l lev
el t
o ad
voca
te f
or a
str
ong
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sion
sys
tem
and
to
inst
itutio
nalis
e be
st p
ract
ices
(e.g
. pee
r le
arni
ng).
Reso
urce
s, P
artn
ersh
ips
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
Fina
ncia
l res
ourc
es: C
HF
19.7
mill
ion
(18.
5% o
f ov
eral
l bud
get;
CH
F 16
mill
ion
Sout
h C
oope
ratio
n/ C
HF
3.7
mill
ion
Hum
anita
rian
Aid
)
Hum
an r
esou
rces
: 1 S
wis
s Pr
ogra
mm
e M
anag
er (5
0%),
1 Se
nior
Nat
iona
l Pro
gram
me
Off
icer
(100
%)
Part
ners
hips
: Int
erna
tiona
l NG
Os
as p
roje
ct im
plem
entin
g pa
rtne
rs; p
olic
y di
alog
ue w
ith W
orld
Ban
k, G
loba
l Par
tner
ship
for
Edu
catio
n an
d M
inis
try
of E
duca
tion
Mod
aliti
es: M
anda
te a
nd c
ontr
ibut
ions
, inc
ludi
ng t
o th
e A
RTF
36
26
Man
agem
ent/
Perf
orm
ance
Res
ults
(Sw
iss
Prog
ram
me)
, See
Cha
pter
6 o
f CS
1.Sw
itzer
land
adv
ocat
es f
or b
ette
r lin
kage
s be
twee
n th
e fo
rmal
edu
catio
n se
ctor
, lo
ng-t
erm
dev
elop
men
t pr
ogra
mm
ing
and
Educ
atio
n in
Em
erge
ncy
inte
rven
tions
with
shor
t-te
rm h
uman
itaria
n fu
ndin
g.
-Sw
itzer
land
is a
n ac
tive
mem
ber
of t
he E
duca
tion
in E
mer
genc
ies
wor
king
gro
up.
-Sw
itzer
land
rais
es is
sues
rela
ted
to th
e ne
xus
betw
een
deve
lopm
ent a
nd h
uman
itaria
n as
sist
ance
in th
e Ed
ucat
ion
Dev
elop
men
t Par
tner
s G
roup
, the
NES
P St
eerin
gC
omm
ittee
and
ART
F do
nor
mee
tings
.
2.Sw
itzer
land
is r
ecog
nise
d by
the
Afg
han
Gov
ernm
ent
and
the
inte
rnat
iona
l com
mun
ity a
s a
lead
ing
part
ner
supp
ortin
g qu
ality
of
educ
atio
n.
-Sw
itzer
land
is a
n ac
tive
mem
ber
of t
he T
each
er E
duca
tion
wor
king
gro
up.
-Th
e Sw
iss-
man
date
d A
fgha
nist
an Q
ualit
y Le
arni
ng p
rogr
amm
e is
the
ref
eren
ce in
terv
entio
n fo
r st
reng
then
ing
the
acad
emic
sup
ervi
sion
sys
tem
.
3.Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts in
crea
sing
ly s
hift
fro
m a
dire
ct im
plem
enta
tion
appr
oach
tow
ards
a f
acili
tatio
n an
d sy
stem
-str
engt
heni
ng a
ppro
ach.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts w
ork
with
and
thr
ough
the
Min
istr
y of
Edu
catio
n's
stru
ctur
es a
t th
e su
b-na
tiona
l lev
el.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts h
ave
spec
ific
outc
omes
on
syst
em-s
tren
gthe
ning
and
cap
acity
-bui
ldin
g.
4.Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts s
triv
e to
incr
ease
wom
en's
invo
lvem
ent
in p
roje
ct a
ctiv
ities
(e.
g. s
choo
l shu
ras,
par
ticip
ator
y pl
anni
ng,
soci
al a
udits
) w
hile
tak
ing
into
acc
ount
cont
ext-
spec
ific
soci
al n
orm
s.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts in
volv
e w
omen
in s
choo
l shu
ras,
par
ticip
ator
y pl
anni
ng a
nd s
ocia
l aud
its.
-Sw
iss-
supp
orte
d pr
ojec
ts s
et t
arge
ts f
or w
omen
's in
volv
emen
t an
d re
port
sex
-dis
aggr
egat
ed d
ata
at a
ll le
vels
.
38
Annex 5: Strategic link between international cooperation and migration in Afghanistan
While approving the 2017–20 dispatch and related framework credits, the Swiss Parliament requested a strategic link to be established between interna-tional cooperation and migration as set forth in the following federal decree: “A strategic link should be established between international cooperation and migration policy when this serves Switzerland’s inter-ests by further addressing causes of conflicts and mi-gration. Entering into agreements and partnerships in the area of migration should be encouraged” (BBl 26.09.2016/7875).
In line with the current state of reflection on the im-plementation of the mandate, it has been agreed that the mandate will be implemented within a co-herent framework under which strategic linkages are realised at political, geographic and thematic levels based on four main messages: 1) to recognise the obligation to protect those in need of protection, 2) to acknowledge the need of the globalised econ-omy for a mobile work force, 3) to tackle the root causes of conflict and forced displacement with ho-listic and long-term approaches and 4) to recognise the need for global governance structures in the field of migration.
Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world and highly fragile in all dimensions. More than half of the population lives below the poverty line, which amongst others is due to the deteriorating security situation, stagnating economic growth and increasing demographic pressure. While unemploy-ment and underemployment remain high (24% and 20%), Afghanistan’s population is growing rapidly and the youth bulge poses severe challenges, espe-cially for service delivery and job creation. It is esti-mated that the Afghan labour market has to absorb as much as 400’000 young people every year, where-as prospects for economic growth remain modest (3–4%) and the country continues to be highly aid-dependent.
While systematic data on labour migration is not available, it is largely recognised that (predominantly male) labour migration to neighbouring Iran and Pakistan has been a long-standing coping and liveli-hood strategy for poor Afghan households. It con-stitutes an important economic contribution to the country in terms of both remittances and skill devel-opment. In 2016, the total volume of remittances for Afghanistan was estimated at USD 387.5 million with approximately one third of the Afghan popula-tion relying on remittances, which demonstrates the
important contribution of the Afghan Diaspora. Due to regional dynamics and the unstable security situ-ation, labour migration remains largely unregulated. However, the Afghan Government has recognised the need for better migration management and is engaged in regional and global fora, such as the Co-lombo Process or the Global Forum on Migration and Development.
Growing insecurity continues to cause mass inter-nal displacement. In 2017, the ongoing conflict has newly displaced as many as 555’850 people from their homes, resulting in a total of approximately 1’780’000 internally displaced persons by the end of 2017. According to a recent mobility assessment conducted by IOM, approximately 770’000 peo-ple have fled the country since 2012, the majority of which have sought refuge in neighbouring Iran (60%) or Pakistan (21%), whereas only a minority migrated to Europe (14% or approximately 110’000 people). Meanwhile, population movement is often shaped by regional dynamics, in particular political relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In 2016 and 2017, over a million Afghans who previously sought refuge in neighbouring Pakistan and Iran returned to Afghanistan while according to IOM, approximately 1’800’000 Afghans returned from abroad since 2012. In the already challenging con-text of Afghanistan, the mass returns have put ad-ditional pressure on the already scare resources and economic opportunities.
39
30
Principles Implementation/Measures 1) Persecuted people need tobe protected – either withintheir place or country oforigin or in a safe third coun-try.
The Swiss humanitarian engagement contributes to the protection of and life-saving assistance to displaced and returned populations through support to mul-tilateral and international organisations and the advocacy for frameworks and initiatives that contribute to a more protective environment and durable solu-tions. Switzerland also contributes to emergency education programmes for displaced and returned children with the aim of reintegrating them into the formal school system. In Switzerland, protection is granted to individuals who are persecuted and sub-ject to serious disadvantages in their country of origin or who cannot return for other humanitarian reasons.
2) Sustainable economic de-velopment requires safe andregular migration of labourforces.
Afghanistan is a member of the regional Colombo Process which is supported by Switzerland. This engagement aims at strengthening migration policies and governance frameworks and advocates for transnational accountability and la-bour rights.
3) Reasons for forced migra-tion need to be addressedholistically and sustainably
The Swiss development programme addresses interlinked drivers of fragility and thus causes of forced migration. Swiss interventions aim at strengthening na-tional systems and institutions while improving living conditions at the local level. Whereas crisis specific elements of migration are addressed through the Swiss humanitarian engagement, returned and displaced populations are tar-geted in development interventions, wherever possible and relevant. Important migration aspects are reflected within the Swiss development portfolio, which reinforces the humanitarian development nexus:
- Under the World Bank’s ARTF, the Citizen Charter Project supports IDPs,returnees and host communities in provinces of high return with in-come generating opportunities through a ‘Cash for Work’ programme.In addition, the Education Quality Reform in Afghanistan project con-tributes to support access to education for out-of-school IDP and re-turnee children.
- Displaced populations are included in the target group of the Afghani-stan Urban Peacebuilding Programme. By identifying and implementingmeasures that contribute to increase urban safety, IDPs are better inte-grated in their host community, which in return strengthens social co-hesion.
- Swiss projects directly improve the living conditions of people in partic-ularly poor regions of the country. Promoting sustainable agricultureincreases the incomes of smallholder farmers and improves the futureprospects of the young rural population. With labour-intensive infra-structure projects, Swiss projects create short-term jobs and improveaccess to resources and services in the medium term.
4) Global and national migra-tion policies are based onfunctioning governancestructures
On a global level, Switzerland is actively engaged in the process towards the Global Compact for Migration, which aims to set new international standards applicable to all stakeholders involved in migration. Additionally, Switzerland contributes to the discussions on the elaboration of the Global Compact for refugees. At the regional level, Switzerland actively supports the Solutions Strategy for Afghan Refugees, whose regional framework between Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and UNHCR aims to facilitate voluntary returns and sustainable reintegra-tion while at the same time providing assistance to host countries.
40
Annex 6: Scenarios
31
Annex 6: Scenarios
Scenario A - Best
Climbing the Mountain
Scenario B - Most likely
Treading Water
Scenario C - Worst
Standing on the Edge
Polit
ical
/Gen
eral
Peaceful elections with a broadly accepted outcome.
Increased trust in the govern-ment, and legitimacy of gov-ernment.
Elections take place with a low turnout, affecting the legitimacy of the new government and parlia-ment.
Socio-political tensions arise during the election periods; fraud accusa-tions and delays lead to a decrease in public trust.
Elections are continuously de-layed and citizens largely lose trust in the government.
Socio-political tensions esca-late, local violence erupts.
Progressive implementation of the reform agenda.
Slow implementation of the reform agenda (ANPDF, NPP and others).
Risk of reversed national priorities by a new government (2019 or 2020).
Political blockages of reform agenda, proliferation of (con-tradictory) policies by a newly elected government.
Increased decentralisation. The Subnational Governance Policy is approved, but progress on de-centralisation remains limited.
No political will to promote de-centralisation.
Peace process with the Taliban is initiated, but not concluded. Popular peace movements spread in some areas leading to local ceasefires.
Prospects for peace are more prom-inently included in the political agenda of the government.
Talks about talks continue with no tangible results, and Taliban/ AOGs react with violence.
A limited number of Taliban/ AOGs may join the peace process and en-joy impunity.
Government reverts to belliger-ent rhetoric, Taliban/ AOGs are included on terrorist list (no ne-gotiations possible).
Increased respect for human rights and fulfilment of gov-ernment’s commitments to human rights; increased crimi-nal prosecution.
Human rights situation remains crit-ical.
Increased political commitment to international human rights frame-works; but limited criminal prosecu-tion.
Continuous threats against human rights defenders.
Increased gross human rights violation with continued cul-ture of impunity.
Anti-corruption plans imple-mented, high-profile cases tried in court.
Corruption remains high with only selective action taken in line with the national anti-corruption strat-egy.
Corruption is high in all as-pects, and the political will to address it is limited.
Customary justice structures are more accountable and in-clusive.
Increased use of formal justice institutions for dispute resolu-tion.
Increased legal awareness of the population and improved institu-tional capacities with limiting fac-tors (cultural norms, security and corruption) remaining. Use of
Justice reforms reverse.
Increased use of customary mediation for criminal cases and application of harmful tra-ditional practises.
41
32
largely unrepresentative and exclu-sive customary justice is prevalent with provincial differences.
Enabling environment for CSOs is maintained.
Space for civil society remains, but activities of CSOs are largely donor-driven and affected by decreased funding.
Space for CSOs decreases.
Econ
omic
High GDP growth rate.
Inequalities are slightly re-duced.
GDP growth is moderate (3-5%).
Inequalities remain high (Gini-In-dex).
GDP per capita decreases.
Low growth and increased ine-qualities.
Growth in government reve-nue collection remains high (15%).
Sustained growth in government revenue collection.
No further growth in govern-ment revenue collection.
Stable ODA, unconditional, discretionary.
New (untraditional) donors.
Decrease in ODA (after 2020), aid may be conditional to reforms.
Pledges are not met; and new pledges (after 2020) are very low and/or conditional due to domestic aspects in donor countries.
Very high expenditure rate, ef-ficient and effective use of funds.
National budget is more realistic, expenditure rate increases.
(Baseline: 67% in 2017)
Very low expenditure rate, funds wasted.
Unemployment and underem-ployment rates decrease slightly.
Unemployment and underemploy-ment rates stabilise at very high lev-els.
(Baseline: 24% unemployment, 24% underemployment in 2017 (ALCS))
Unemployment and underem-ployment rates increase.
Poverty decreases moderately. Poverty rate stabilises at a high level.
(Baseline: 55% in 2017 (ALCS)) Poverty increases further.
Soci
al a
nd H
uman
itar
ian
Controlled voluntary returns and perspectives for reintegra-tion.
Regular (labour) migration mechanism established.
Increasing numbers of IDPs (due to conflict) and returnees from neigh-bouring countries.
Forced mass return and mas-sive internal displacement.
Gains in agricultural productiv-ity as a result of implementa-tion of reforms and support to the sector.
Some reforms in the agricultural sector are implemented and some support is given to certain areas, but productivity gains remain lim-ited.
Reforms in the agricultural sec-tor are not implemented, the sector suffers from low produc-tivity.
Favourable climatic conditions contribute to agricultural growth and reduced food in-security in rural areas.
Climatic conditions allow for con-tinued agricultural production and stable levels of food security in rural areas.
Agricultural production remains prone to natural disaster.
Adverse climatic conditions (droughts, floods) significantly affect agricultural production making rural areas more food insecure.
42
33
Secu
rity
Joint coalition by national and international parties to the conflict to support a ceasefire.
Conflict intensity remains high and slightly increases until a stalemate between the ANSF and the Taliban is reached.
Conflict intensity increases sig-nificantly with more fighting in densely populated areas (urban centres).
ANSF shows increased morale, independence, discipline and implements reforms.
ANSF enhances capabilities thanks to increased and continuous inter-national support.
ANSF disintegrates because of politicisation, decrease of ex-ternal support / disengage-ment.
Improved respect of IHL by all parties to the conflict leading to fewer civilian casualties.
Civilian casualties remain at a high level.
Rise in civilian casualties.
ANSF with support of IMF in-crease territory under govern-ment control.
Taliban armed forces are the active driver of conflict and consolidate power in their controlled districts.
Territorial control fluctuates with Taliban temporarily controlling some districts.
Taliban control more districts and ANSF struggle to maintain control over provincial centres.
Police focus solely on main-taining public order, combat-ting crime and its civilian polic-ing mandate.
Public trust in police increases significantly.
Police engages less in counter-in-surgency activities, while civilian policing mandate is implemented in pilot areas.
Public trust in police increases.
Police increases to engage in counter-insurgency activities.
Public trust in police decreases.
Crime decreases. Crime increases. Crime significantly increases.
ISK loses ground in its strong-holds in the East.
Capacities for high profile at-tacks in urban centres are re-duced.
ISK remains confined to a limited number of districts in the East.
ISK continues to claim high-profile sectarian attacks in urban centres.
ISK extends its presence to ad-ditional districts and new areas of the country.
The number of attacks in urban centres increases leading to sectarian tensions.
Dev
elop
men
t/ H
uman
itar
ian
Spac
e Access improves (transport, security, weather).
Access conditions vary and regional differences remain.
Deterioration of transport in-frastructure and security in combination with adverse weather conditions reduce ac-cess.
Clear AOG landscape eases (humanitarian) access negotia-tions.
Taliban and other AOGs sup-port humanitarian and devel-opment actors.
Reliable & flexible partners are available and accepted by AOGs for access.
Taliban maintain their policy on the protection of humanitarian and de-velopment actors while at times ap-plying conditions.
The variety of unorganised (criminal) armed groups pre-vent (humanitarian) access ne-gotiations and the effective-ness of acceptance strategies.
Increased coordination be-tween humanitarian actors, development partners and government.
Limited coordination between hu-manitarian, development partners and government.
Lack of coordination or policy implementation.
34
Implementation of policies and increased response capac-ities of the government.
Definition of policies, but limited response capacities of the govern-ment.
43 35
Annex 7: Adaptation
If Afghanistan moves towards the best scenario “Climbing the Moun-tain”, Switzerland will maintain its programmatic focus in the three domains of intervention. Improved access can be used to improve liv-ing conditions in remote areas.
Development cooperation will in-creasingly focus on rural areas and may grow, whereas a reduction of humanitarian aid can be consid-ered.
In case state-building efforts in-crease, Switzerland will assess how its portfolio could support this pro-cess, e.g. by working on decentral-isation, anti-corruption, and transi-tional justice/ dealing with the past.
Options for increased use of coun-try systems and on-budget funding beyond the World Bank’s multi-do-nor trust will be explored.
Improved access and security will allow continuing frequent project monitoring visits.
Afghanistan is currently in the most likely scenario “Treading Water”. Switzerland pursues human-rights based, context-sensitive and result-oriented development cooperation and humanitarian assistance.
Taking into consideration the vola-tile security situation and the uncer-tainties of the context, a flexible modality mix will be maintained. Development and humanitarian in-struments are applied in a coherent and complementary way.
Switzerland will continue to sup-port initiatives to enhance opera-tional and physical access for devel-opment and humanitarian actors by encouraging partners to put the community at the centre of the work.
On-budget funding through the World Bank's multi-donor trust fund is maintained at the current level, while the country system is used and strengthened wherever possible.
Security conditions may change rapidly and with strong local varia-tions. A flexible approach within projects allows for adaptation (ad-aptation of activity modalities and schedules, temporary suspension, shift to different districts).
Regular monitoring visits are con-ducted by staff members, if and where security allows.
If the situation gets worse and Af-ghanistan is “Standing on the Edge”, Switzerland will further strengthen its CSPM approach (conflict mapping) and identify pockets of stability. At a national level, Switzerland will continue policy dialogue in coordi-nation with like-minded donors and continuously advocate for ac-cess for development and humani-tarian actors. A shift of focus towards (more sta-ble) urban areas may be considered for development cooperation, whereas humanitarian aid instru-ments are increasingly used in rural areas, in particular through local or-ganisations. If the conflict esca-lates, there will be a shift to life-sav-ing assistance and increased advo-cacy for IHL and access. On-budget funding and the use of country systems will decrease, whereas support to national and in-ternational NGOs and multilateral partners will increase. In areas where project monitoring is not possible, a third-party monitor-ing may be considered.
Annex 7: Adaptation
44
36
Annex 8: Monitoring System
Instrument Purpose Frequency
Stra
tegi
c
Mid-term strategic review Review of results and feasibility of strategy, possible adaptations to changing context
Once during the strategic cycle, early 2021
Annual Report Result-based reporting, management review, planning for following year based on the Result Framework 2019-2022
Yearly
Quarterly planning Review of operational performance of projects and feasibility in changing environment based on outcome monitoring matrix; financial plan-ning
Quarterly
Management meeting Discussion and decision-making on issues re-lated to security, programme management, human resources and finances
Weekly
Ope
ratio
nal
External reviews Evaluate project achievements Once per project phase
Partner meetings Discuss progress and challenges of projects, exchange on operational and security issues
3-4 times per year
Project monitoring visits by SDC staff
Monitor progress of projects and their impact on the living conditions of beneficiaries, partic-ipate in key planning moments
Twice per project per year (security permitting)
Development partner meet-ings/ Head of Agency
Assessment of development space, sectorial coordination
Weekly
Programme committee meeting
Discussion of new project proposals and their strategic relevance
Bi-Weekly
Programme steering com-mittees
Discussion of lessons learned and best prac-tises with relevant stakeholders; decision on project steering
As per project
Con
text
MERV Detailed analysis of context developments 3-4 times per year
Context monitoring Monitoring of current events and political de-velopments.
Constantly
Security team meeting Evaluate situation, decide on security measures
Weekly
Annex 8: Monitoring System
46
Annex 10: Map of Intervention Areas
Number of projects per province (as per 01.01.2019)
0 – 1 project 2 – 3 projects 4 – 5 projects
Note: the map does not depict projects with a country-wide scope or those with a shifting geographical focus (e.g. certain humanitarian aid projects).
47
Imprint PublisherFederal Department of Foreign Affairs FDFASwiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC3003 Bern Cover PhotoSkateistan – A group of girls taking a break from class Layout and designVisual Communication FDFA, Bern ContactsSwiss Cooperation Office AfghanistanPhone: +93 (0) 790 080 [email protected] Swiss Agency for Development and CooperationSouth Asia Division3003 Bern, SwitzerlandTel. +41 58 462 34 75 Humanitarian Aid Division Europe, Asia and AmericasTel. +41 58 462 31 24 www.sdc.admin.ch This publication is also available on www.eda.admin.ch/afghanistan
Bern, 2018, © SDC