Download - Symbiosis
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Symbiosis
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Symbiosis
• Living closely together
• A partnership• Two different species
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Animal Kingdom Examples
• Nile crocodile & crocodile bird
• Hermit crab & sea anemone
• Buffalo & oxpecker
• Shark & remora fish
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Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone
• Hermit crab– Protection from the
Sea anemone
• Sea anemone– Gets leftover food
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
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Buffalo & Oxpecker
• Buffalo– Lets the bird eat
• Oxpecker– Eats ticks and other parasites off skin– Warns buffalo of danger
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners.html
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Lichen
• Slow growing plants
• Partnership: fungi & algae
• Neither could live alone
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Relationships
• Commensalism• Mutualism• Parasitism
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What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
MutualismBoth
Organisms benefit
Parasitismone
organism benefits
one organism is
harmed
Commensalismone organism
benefits
one organism is unaffected
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Crocodile & Bird
• Nile crocodile– Usually eats animals– Allows bird to walk around its mouth
• Crocodile bird– Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth– Removes and eats scraps of food– Eats harmful leeches and parasites
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Mutualism
• Both organisms derive mutual benefit• Intimate and obligatory• Neither can survive without the other
• Tickbirds and rhinos• Clownfish & sea anemone
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Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal
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Example• Bees get food• Flowers get pollinated
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Mutualism: both benefit
Example: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets
protection Anemone eats fish predators
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Mutualism: both benefit
ExampleAntelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of
parasites Oxbird gets a meal
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Commensalism
• “eating together at the same table”• Only one member benefits
– sharing space, defense, shelter, food
• Neither will die if relationship is ended
• Shrimp & sea cucumber
http://www.ms-starship.com/sciencenew/symbiosis.htm
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Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example: Cattle with cattle
egretsCattle stir up insects
as they eat grass
Egrets hang
around and eat insects
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• Birds nesting in a tree
Example: Commensalism
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Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse
of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.
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Parasitism
• Not symbiotic• Causes harm to host
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Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood
streamHuman may go
blind
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ONE EXAMPLE OF PARISITISM
• Ticks on a deer.
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Example: Parasitism
• Female mosquito uses human blood to develop eggs
• Human gets an ichy bite!
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Some video examples
• Use the worksheet to make predictions about the relationships between the animal pairs.
• As we watch the video fill in the worksheet.
• http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/lessons/symbiotic-strategies/video-segments/1496/