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1
T-Test for Independent
Groups
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Aim
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Checklist of Requirements
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Assumptions The sampling distribution of differences
between means is normally distributed.
Homogeneity of variance.
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Example
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SPSS Output
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Results and
Interpretation
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Results and Interpretation Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances tests the
hypothesis that the two population variances are equal.
In this example, the Levene statistic is F = 0.087, and the
corresponding level of significance is large (i.e., p> .05).
Thus, the assumption of homogeneity of variance has
not been violated, and the Equal variances assumed t-test statistic can be used for evaluating the null
hypothesis of equality of means. If the significance level
of the Levene statistic is small (i.e., p< .05), the
assumption that the populationvariances are equal isrejected and the Equal variances not assumedt-test
statistic should be used.
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Results and Interpretation
The result from the analysis indicates thatthere is a significant difference between the
male and female samples in the number of
words correctly recalled, t(df = 18) = – 3.02, p <
.01. The mean values indicate that femalescorrectly recalled significantly more words (M
= 22.10) than males (M = 17.70).
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Hands-on Exercise 2:
Use dataset Coronary artery data.sav andanswer the following question:
Is there a significant difference in thetreadmill time of the subjects during their
daily exercise when they are grouped
according to their health condition?
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PAIRED-SAMPLES
T-TEST
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Aim
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Checklist of Requirements
• In any one analysis, there must beonly two sets of data.
• The two sets of data must be
obtained from (1) the same subjectsor (2) from two matched groups of
subjects.
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Assumptions
The sampling distribution of themeans should be normally
distributed.
The sampling distribution of thedifference scores should be normally
distributed.
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Example
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Windows Method
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23
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SPSS Output
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Results and Interpretation
The result from the analysis indicates thatthere is a significant difference in the amount
of food eaten before and after drug X was
ingested, t(df = 9) = 5.08, p < .01. The mean
values indicate that significantly less food wasconsumed after ingestion of drug X (M =
124.00) than before (M = 177.00).
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One-Way Analysis of Variance
with Post Hoc Comparisons
594594594594 N =
SOCIALCAMPUSTEACHGEDUCAT
4
4
4
4
4
3
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Aim
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Checklist of Requirements
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Assumptions
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Example
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Windows Method
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SPSS Output
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Results and Interpretation
The results from the analysis indicatethat the intensity of the electric shockhas a significant effect on the time
taken to solve the problems, F(2,15) =40.13, p< .001. The mean values forthe three shock levels indicate that asthe shock level increased (from low tomedium to high), so did the time takento solve the problems (low: M = 17.17;medium: M = 22.17; high: M = 42.17).
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Post Hoc Comparisons
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Workshop 1:
Using the Employee data file, is there asignificant difference in the current salary ofthe employees when they are groupedaccording to employment category and
educational level?
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Workshop 2:Using the 1991 US General Social Survey data, is there a
significant difference in the general happiness and lifeexcitement perception of the respondents when theyare grouped according to :
• Race, (GH=S, LE=NS), white race happier than black
• Regional location, (NS)
• Number of children, (NS)
• Occupational category (S), managerial vs gen labor,
and• Highest year of school completed?