Download - TAKS Objective 4 The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion, forces, and energy
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TAKS Objective 4
The student will demonstrate an understanding of motion,
forces, and energy.
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TEKS 7.8 Science concepts
The student knows that complex interactions occur between matter and energy. The student is expected to:
A. Illustrate examples of potential and kinetic energy in everyday life such as objects at rest, movement of geologic faults, and falling water.
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For Teacher’s Eyes Only
What is energy?
The ability to do work.The ability to cause change.
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Forms of Energy
Heat LightSoundChemicalAtomic (Nuclear)ElectricalMechanical
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Categories of Energy
Kinetic (derived from the Greek root word “ kinein” which means “to move”)
Potential (derived from the Latin word “potere” which translates as “to be powerful”)
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Potential Energy
All energy starts out as potential energy.
Exists due to an object’s condition or position.
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Examples of Potential Energy
Food Wood Wind-up toy Light bulb
Electric pencil sharpener
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Depends on:
Height above the earth
The higher it is, the more potential energy it has.
Weight
The heavier it is, the more potential energy it has.
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Kinetic Energy
Occurs when potential energy is used or transformed into kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy can also be transferred from one object to another.
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Kinetic Energy
Determined by the mass of the object and the velocity at which the object is moving.
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Engage
Demonstration: Come back can
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Exploration 1
• Activity: Illustrate the Moment
• Class Time: 20 minutes
• Objective: The learner will illustrate real-world examples of potential and kinetic energy.
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Explain
• All matter possesses potential energy
• Potential energy becomes kinetic energy and produces motion.
• Any matter would represent potential energy as long as it is not moving.
• If matter is moving, kinetic energy is being used.
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Exploration 2
• Activity: Break It Up!• Class Time: 15 minutes• Objective: The learner will
simulate how pressure affects layers of rock in an earthquake by applying pressure horizontally to layers of clay increasing potential energy.
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Explain
Potential energy exists in all matter and all energy begins as potential energy, which may become kinetic energy.
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Explain
• Potential energy exists due to an object’s position or condition.
• The condition of lateral pressure creates potential energy.
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Explain
Kinetic energy occurs when potential energy is used or transformed into kinetic energy.
In this case, the potential energy created by pressure, changed to kinetic energy of upward motion.
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Elaboration 1
• Experiment: High Roller
• Class Time: 15 minutes
• Objective : The learner will determine if potential energy due to height above the earth will affect kinetic energy of an object.
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Explain
• Potential energy due to height above the earth is called “gravitational potential energy”.
• The higher the marble, the greater the potential energy and therefore the greater the kinetic energy.
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Elaboration 2
• Experiment: Kinetic Mouse
• Class Time: 45 minutes
• Objective : Create a mouse that moves based on potential energy.
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Explain
• Potential energy is created by the twisted rubber band.
• When released, potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.
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Explain
Limitations to amount of
potential energy are:
1. Number of twists
2. Elastic strength of rubber
band.
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Evaluate
Students will answer a written examination identifying objects as exhibiting either kinetic or potential energy.