-
bghJ j
(br - ciueil - Jizghl)
nkiy - Kjyh ML
gF I - j
ghl nkghL FG gJiu
mogil UjglJ.
lhik xU ghtbra
lhik xU bgUFw
lhik kjjikaw bra
jehL ghl kW fa gf fHf f rhiy, brid - 600 006.
-
ii iii
jehL muR Ua g - 2007
kW g - 2017
FG jiyt
Kidt uh. F. ehF
(jJiw jiyt - X khy fYh)
169, ju bjU, mah FoU
brid-600 029.
nkyhthsf
Kidt bj. PhdRju Kidt Uk. . ^t
(jJiw jiyt - X, jJiw,
girag fYh) a njhg fa fYh,
149, fh rhiy, ntng,
mzhef nkF thf, brid-600 007.
brid-600 101.
Kidt nfh. bgaz
jiyikaha,
muR kf nkiy g,
brfgL, fhu khtl.
yhaf
Kidt . nfhkehaf yt. jf mt
KJfiy jHha, jiyikahia,
muR kf nkiy g, muR nkiy g,
thf, uhrhkl,
brid-600 049. jir khtl.
yt r. kfhf yt r. ey
jiyikaha, KJfiy jHha,
muR caiy g, v..X.V. siy fYh,
nrfhu, mzh ef nkF,
Uth% khtl. brid-600 101.
iy : %.
ghlf jah : jehL muRfhf
g f aff, jehL
60 .v.v. jh mlgLsJ.
Mbr Kiw mnlh :
-
ii iii
nja j
#d fz kd mehaf #a nA
ghuj gha jhjh
grhg J F#uhj kuhlh
uhl cfy gfh
a khry aKdh ffh
cry #y jufh
jt Rg ehnk #hnf
jg Rg M[ khnf
fhnA jt #a fhjh
#d fz kfs jhaf #a nA
ghuj gha jhjh
#a nA #a nA #a nA
#a #a #a #a nA!
- kfhf uuehj jhT
ehL g - bghU
a jhna! kf g Jgfis fw
na vyhUila kdY M brwh.
Ubga grhig, Jit, Truij
kuhoaij, uhlij, xrhit,
tfhsij, cs s mila brwJ.
Ubga a, ka kiy bjhlf
vbuhwJ; aKid, fif MWf
bdh xWwJ; a flyiyfsh
tzfgLwJ.
mit dUis ntLwd; fiH guwd.
ah g Jgfis fw jhna, cdF
bt! bt! bt!
-
iv v
njaghl
tnj khju;
[yh, [&gyh kya# jyh
[a ahkyh khju
[&u {naheh yj ah
y F[&j U js n[h
[&Ah, [&kJu gh
[&fjh, tujh, khju!
tnj khju!
tnj khju!
- g ru rhl
cWbkh
ah vdJ ehL. a midtU vdJ clwf.
vdJ ehil eh bgJ nenw. eho gHbgUikfhf
gKf ku wfhf eh bgUj milnw. eho bgUikF
jFJ sl vW ghLgLnt.
vDila bgnwh, Maf, vdF ta _njh midtiu
kng. vyhlK m kahij fhLnt.
v ehoF v kfSF ciHl KidJ ng. mtf eyK
tsK bgWtnyjh vW k fhng.
nja xUikghL cWbkh
eho cik thit, xUikghil ng fhJ tYgLj
bragLnt' vW cskhu eh cW TWnw.
xUnghJ tKiwia ehnl' vW rka, bkh,' tlhu Kjait
fhuzkhf vG ntWghLfSF rfSF Vida mua - bghUshjhu
FiwghLfSF mik beY mua mik tY W
fhng' vW eh nkY cWanw.
-
iv v
jjh thJ
uhU flYLj yklij bfbyhGF
uhU tjdbkd fguj fl
bjfzK mwj uhle UehL
jfW iwEjY jjeW yfKnk!
myf thridngh midJyF gKw
vir fkzf UjbgU jHznf !
jHznf !
c sik w aJ
bra kwJ thJJnk !
thJJnk !
thJJnk !
- kndhka bg. Rjuis
-
vi vii
bghUslf
brgF
1. thJ : gf
(m) iw thJ * 1
(M) bkh thJ * 2
() ehL thJ * 3
2. bjhiff :
(m) weh}W * 11
(M) mfeh}W 13
() IFWW 15
3. mw ya : UFw
(m) mlfKilik * 24
(M) xutj 26
() fhykj 28
(
-
vi vii
6. kWky ghlf :
(m) vehnsh (ghl 1) * 77
(M) fL Jik 79
() Ljiy isj cik 81
(
-
viii 1viii 1
Jiz ghl
(Wfij brt)
gf
1. xU eh fjJ ... 148
- Jikj
2. njfh JLf ... 157
- lhl K.t.
3. kWkz ... 164
- j
4. brfkyK xU nrh ... 169
- Rjuuhkrh
5. xU uKf ... 174
- b#afhj
6. k kf ... 177
- y. gkehg
7. mDk ... 181
- R#hjh
8. ... 189
- trf
9. mdjrad fhy ... 195
- njh KAkJ uh
10. fiu cUtf ... 203
- tzyt
-
viii 1viii 1
br gF
1. thJ
bjhlF bra nj iww iwia thJ kugo iwthJ,
ngR bkh, wj ehL miwnahL xg itJ vzgLj mtiw
thJjny Kiwahj bkh thJ ehL thJ gF l
bgWsd.
(m) iw thJ *
mUgGj gHRitna fUng njnd
Munj vfnz ma thd
bghUsidJ jUbghUns fUiz fh
uzkh wbthnw j thnt
fUja fUjjD fUjh nk
fhyKnj rKtFJ fU M
id Toc uis ML
GbghUns ahbrhY zg nfns.
- jhkhdt
iwthjhf mikJs ghl jhkhdtuh awglJ. jhkhdt
ghlf vD bjhifUJ ghl bj bragljhF.
1452 ghlfis bfhljhF. iwbeia tWJ
j bkh cglj vd nghw gLwJ.
jhkhdt vyhU Uf idjt. mg g bra
Mtbfhlt. mt ntjhua vdgL UkiwfhL vD C
nfoag is vghF, bf#t mikahUF kfdhf njhat.
Uuhg nfh bfhLs iwt bga jhkhdt. mbgUkh
mUsh wjikah bgnwh mtUF jhkhdt vd bgald.
nfoag is Uuhgia Ml #auf brhfehj ehaf
vw murl fzfuhf gJ tjh. mt kiwF d jhkhdt
mgia Vwh. #auf brhf ehj ehaf MY, mt kid uh
dh MY fzfuhf gahdh. kLthFH vD kifia
kzJ thjh. d Jw thif ehlbfhL Jw lh. U_y
ku tj bksdFU vgh mUS, M bgW wJ sdh. mt
K bgw l uhkehju xU gFYs yRukhF. mt thj
fhy ..18 M whlhF.
-
2 3
mUbrhbghU
Munj - ma mnj; uzkh - KGikah; j - ik; fU
M - fUf Kjyhd; cuis ML - midJ c Tlfis
MLF; fUja fUjjD fUjh nk - vghf Koahj
fUJfSF cbghUsh cs; G bghUns - nkyhd bghUns. ghtif
: v fbeoyo Ma Uj.
yfz
gHRit - Mwh ntWik bjhif - MuJ (mUik + mJ)
gbjhif; jU bghUns - br vD thghL bgabur ; fh
uzkh -
-
2 3
yfz
bjhkf - gbjhif; cs - MFbga; ciufhy - idbjhif;
gHj - g bjhif; Iiajh - Mwh ntWik bjhif; jh jiy - (jhis
jiyah) - ulh ntWik bjhif; gFth - (jik gik idKW)
() ehL thJ *
U iwjid jf buhiy
J jid ts rhjid
kU brf ega kFit
ts tjnjh igw thjid
bgUF g Kilia FWeif
bgbwh jid gg lid
U yJt bjK jhFit
vf jh gjf iwRth.
- Ruka ghuah
ghliy aat kfhf Ruka ghuah Mth. mt ghlf
`ghuah fijf' vD jiy bjhFfbgW bttJsd. m
nja jf vD gF ghl l bgWsJ. tf bkh g ru
rnlhghaha vGa tnj khju vD ghl bkhbgang ghlyhF.
njaf vW nghwgL ghuah vlau 11-12-1882- drh
maUF yF mkhSF kfdhf njhdh. siknyna fghL
w bgUjh. mt ghlf btisa M moikgL lj
a kf csf Ljiy ntif vD fhLia _L m
FRfsh mikjd.
ghuah kJiu cs nrJg caiy g Mauhf, d
bridUJ bttj Rnjru gifF cj Mauhf
`rfut' vw gifF Mauhf, 'ah' vw thugifF
Mauhf fJsh. mt jGF tsnrF yafis giljh.
ijia bkhbgaJsh. nkY, fz ghL, FghL, ghrhrgj
Ma W fhafis gilJsh. 11-09-1921 mW kiwjh.
mUbrhbghU
U - brt, ts; jf xiy - xL Tw Koahj caid
cilia; kU - bghUa; br - ta; kFj - iwj; FWeif - dif;
gg - gy mfyf; Uy - bga yF; lid - mJsh;
gjf - Utof; iwRth - tzFth. ghtif: vfbeoyo Ma
Uj.
-
4 5
yfz
iwjid, xid, jid, rhjid, thjid, lid - it
Kiy xUik idKWf; kU br - idbjhif; bgUF g -
br vD thghL bgabur; ega; igw - gbjhiff.
z f
1. iybkh
-
4 5
: ,
-
6 7
4. FaYfu z
iybkh W vGJ FaYfukhf UJ, tUbkh KjbyGJ
cuhf U FaYfu jh CJ tj td bkia f brJ
jh kL kiw. clnk ct bjhWtang'' vD go
iybkhpW td bkl tUbkh Kj cs cnu zU.
v.fh.
(+c)
fUJ + mjD
j
fU ( + m) jD = fUjjD
`ct cFw bknlhL'
- e}
iybkhW FaYfu, afu KjbkhnahL zU bghGJ fukhf
J zU.
v.fh.
(+c)
bfhF + ahJ = bfhahJ
mthW fu FafukhF.
`at ah'
y lf iybkh W KWfu c KjbkhnahL zUbghGJ
jh CJ tj bkiaL kiw. "clnk ct bjhWt
ang" vD go zU.
v.fh.
fj + mil = fj(+m)il = fjtil
( + c)
bry + ma = bryta.
ct cFw bk nlhL
at ah KWk bwhnuht
- e} 164
cFw - FaYfu; at - afu t; ah - fu khF; KW -
KWfuK; mW - FWfu nghy bknlhL. xnuh t - y lf.
-
6 7
beo bjhl FaYfu, c bjhl FaYfu MatW
lfuij, wfuij CJ tU FaYfuf tUbkhnahL zU
bghGJ mit CJ tU xW uoJ zU.
v.fh.
1. nfhL + c
nfhL + c - lfu xW uoaJ, d
ct cFw vD go
(+c)
nfhL + c = nfhL
vW zjJ.
2. tW + t = tWt
tW + t = wfu xW uoaJ d tW t vW zjJ.
: beonyhL L bjhl FWf ufS
lwbth uL ntWik fnt
- e} 183
(+M)
5. gyh + gH
iybkh W vGJ aghf cbuGjhf mikJsJ.
fhd + gwit
iybkh W kfu xwhF. mJ tUbkhnahL zU bghGJ k
bwhwJ vD dh kfubk mJ,
fhd + gwit
(+m)
fhd + gwit vg iybkh cwhf khWwJ.
Jngh aghf, dhY, cwhf F brhK tbyGij
(f, r, j, g) Kjyhfila brhf tJ z mtbyGJ F zU.
gyh + gH = gyhgH
fhd + gwit = fhdgwit
: aD D w cK
frjg Fj thjd knd
- e} 165
-
8 9
6. 1. ir bgafnshL ntW irbgafnsh, w brhfnsh tJ
zUbghGJ iybkh W cs c bkbaGJ (F) ffu
xW (), zU.
2. mit a iybkh W cs wfu () dfukhfnth ()
yfukhfnth () J zU.
v.fh.
tlF + nkF = tlnkF
-
8 9
df (tUbkh Kj jfuF dkha efu FjJ) gHj = gHj
a
Wik + m
-
10 11
III. gFgj cWyfz jUf
w, nk, To, mirj,
gFth, iwjid, lid iwRth
IV. bghUJf
1. fP wj C
jhkhdt vlau
fjrhyt UkiwfhL
ghuah Utuf
gafu
2. fP
jhkhdt ghrhrgj
fjrhyt jhkhdt ghlf
ghuah UtUgh
ufgh
V. il njf :
1. j bkh cglj
m) fz ghL, M) ufgh ) jhkhdt ghlf
2. jhkhdt Ma g,
m) mikr M) giljiyt ) muRfzf
3. ghuah Mauhf Uj thugif
m) Rnjru M) ah ) rfut
4. ghuah bkh bgaj
m) uhkhaz M) ghuj ) ij
-
10 11
2. bjhif f
gJghL, vL bjhif rf yafshF. mtiw nkfzF
f vW tHFt. vLbjhif eiz, FWbjhif, IFWW, gW
gJ, gghl, fbjhif, mfeh}W, weh}W vD vL mlF. jid,
`eiz ey FWbjhif IFW(W)
xj gWg(J) XF gghl
fwjh VJ fnah(L) mfw v(W)
wj vL bjhif.'
vw gHghl czJwJ. f xbthY cs ghlf gntW
fhy thj yt gyuh gntW NHf ghlglitahF. vLbjhif
fS gWgJ, weh}W wbghU yafshF. Vida MW
mfbghU yafshF. vD bghGJ eil tHF gghl bjhif
Y wghlf Fahf csd. mjdh gghliy mfK wK fyj ghl
bjhF vdyh. gHbgU yfz yha bjhfha TW mfbghU,
wbghU yfzfSF vLbjhif f yafshf fwd.
wbghU yakhd weh}UJ xU ghlY, mfbghU
yafshd mfeh}W, IFWW MatUJ xbthU ghlYkhf _W
ghlf ghlkhf mikfgLsd.
(m) weh}W *
w + ehF + W = weh}W. wghbld, w vd tHfgLw
400 mftghfis bfhoyFwJ. m ghlf gyhu
MLfF KUJ .. ulh whL tiu cs fhygF thj
yt gyuh ghlglitahF. weh}W bjhF fl thJ ghliy
ghoat ghujghoa bgUnjtdh. t fhyJ thjt.
weh}W ghlf bt, fuij, t, fh, beh, ciP,
Jig, thif, ghlh, bghJa, ifis, bgUiz vd tHfbgW
wizfSFa JiwbghUf bfhL mikjitahF.
Koil _ntjf, wurf, mikrf, nrid jiytf, uf,
filbaG tsf, filrf ytf vd gyUila tuyhW FfS,
mfhyJshUila eil Kjad yh eF ygL. y
ghlfis mP ..ngh mtf My bkh bgaJsh.
weh}W ghlfis iz, JiwfnshL iaJ goj ntL.
mWFs JFJ kfta bghJ
cWl Jjth Jty _o
tiuah ku kh nghy
-
12 13
flhm ahid fHfh ngf
bfhilkl gLj yyJ
gilkl glhw gilka Fnd
- guz
iz : ghlh Jiw : abkh
ghonah :
ghliy aat guz. t tuyhW Ffis ghlfS
bghJ itJ ghLt tyt. fy nghy f fGl thjt. fy
guz vD bjhluh J sF. t gWg IjhgJ gho flw
nfhoa brFLtl cgfhL thia, mt kf FLt nruiy
gyhf bgwt.
ghlgnlh :
ghl itahnfhbgUngf vD FWy kdid fJ
ghoajhF. ngf filbaG tsfS xUt. fhd kiPF ff ea
fGFat; t kiyehil ilat. tdJ C e vgJ t
Ma Fo wjt vgJ bja tUwd.
izsf: ghlh iz.
xU kddJ f, tik, tsik, mU Kjyhdtiw MJ TWtJ
ghlh izahF. ghlgLw MkfdJ xGfyhiw TWtJ iz
nehfkhF.
Jiw sf : abkh.
xU ntjbdbrW mt jikia T ftJ abkh thJ
vD JiwahF. xUt aig fJT thJtJ Jiw
cghF.
mUbrhbghU
mWFs = ta Fs; cFJ = bgJ; cWlJ cjthJ = Fs,
ta Ma bghUjkhd lJ bgahJ; cty = fsy; Co = rhy
bgJ; tiuahku = viylhj Kiwik; kh = kiH; flhm ahid - kjfW;
fHfh = ufH mj fhf; bfhilkl = tiuaiw bfhLjyha
a; gilkl = ngh beF khWgL ngh jyha a; glh = (ngh)
brah; gilkaFWj = gilf xnwhL xW fyj, ghtif : neir
Magh
bfhilkl
yhjtF, cstF, ujtF, uthjtF ghFgho
tiuahJ bfhLj.
-
12 13
gilkl
u myhjh nkY, KJlh nkY, glh nkY, _jh isah
nkY brYj.
yfz
mWFs, mfta - idbjhiff; tiuah ku -
-
14 15
iz : ghiy
Jiw : bryza njhF jiykf brhaJ.
ghliy ghoat xsitah. mt rffhy bgghytU wJ
sat; mt makh beLkhd vD FWy kdDl Mj e
bfhlt. mkd mitfs ytuhf fjt. leh thH br
mjij xjnjh ma befia jh czhJ makh xsitF
-
14 15
yfz
XFkiy - idbjhif; mHh nfhL -
-
16 17
iz : F
Jiw : tJit bryh W jiykfF njh TaJ.
tJit jiyF kyua fl njh thwhgo mnw Noid
vd brhathwh.
kyj ntiff Uj njhif
bghd klij njhW ehl - vwJ
`jiytnd, cwd W jiyF Ukz fU No w
brjd; nah mtnshL gHUj ehfnyna mtSF kzkfnfhy nghy
`mHF brJ kUjid' vW cSiw ctk njhw wJ.
mUbrhbghU
vkUntif = beUigbahj ntifku; kU = ctkU;
njhif = k; kyj ntif bghiHF mjf cs njhif klijF
ctikf; M = miriy; tJit = Ukz; mau = fj; UTj
= dgl bga (fa) Tj; Eij tha vwJ jiyt bgnwhiu
thaJ. ~J ganjhgr vdgL. kyunjh ! Eij tha J
brjid vwthW ; njh fs fhyJw tUj dik ciujh.
yfzF
Ujnjhif - bgabur; kU -ctkU; iHa - idbjhif;
ehl - mik; Eij - Ejij vgj k%c bkh; tha - anfh
idKW; ekid - gbjhif.
z f
1. vD bga K td Kjbkh tJ zUlJ mtbyGJF
dkhd bkbyGJ F zU.
v.fh. + bfho = bfho
tUbkh Kj cs ' vD td vGJF dkhd ' vD
bkbyGJ F zjJ.
"bga Kd bkik njhW"
- e} - 200
bkik njhW vwjdh tbyGJ tUjY tH cL vgJ
bgwglJ. + Til = Til
2. 1. kfu
-
16 17
2. y lf td KjbkhnahL zUnghJ kfu bflhJ.
tUbkh tbyGF dkhd bkdkhf J zU.
3. bkd, ild KjbkhnahL zUnghJ kfu bfL aghf
zU.
ku + mo
ku (+m) o = kuto
kfu bfL clgLbk bgW zjJ.
ku + is
ku + is = kuis
-
18 19
"zdt d tu lw wt
a MF ntWik ft
fidJbk tD agh Fnk"
- e} 209
4. ntWik z :
iybkhpW yfuK, sfuK, td Kj bkhnahL zUnghJ yfu
wfukhf sfu lfukhf
v.fh.
fH + fh = fHfh
f + Fl = fFl
iybkhpW yfuK, sfuK bkd KjbkhnahL zUnghJ yfu
sfukhf sfu zfukhf .
v.fh
brh + khiy = brhkhiy
mU + bkh = mUbkh
ysnt Wik wl mt
mtnwh Lw tt dhbk
nk dz ilt a
MF Ut ahD vg.
- e} 227
5. iybkh
-
18 19
K + eW = KzW
dyK wd zsK lz
MF jef M fhny. ''
- e} 237
6. gy vD brhK gy vD brhY y vD brhK y vD
brhY tJ zUnghJ
1. aghf zU
gy + gy = gygy
y + y = yy
2. F zU
gy + gy = gygy
y + y = yy
3. iybkh WYs mfu bfl v F yfu wfukhf J
zU.
v.fh.
gy + gy
(+m)
g + gy
g + gy = ggy
(+m)
y + y
+ y = y
4. gy, y vD brhf K w brhf tJ z iybkh W
mfu bfL zU; bflhkY zU.
(+m)
gy + g = gg
gy + g = gyg
(+m)
y + tis = tis
y + tis = ytis
gy y vDit jK jht
a fY mfu Vf
yfu wfu MfY wt
mfu fg MfY csw
- e} 170
-
20 21
g
I. Wdh
1. weh}W g F tiuf.
2. tiuah ku kh nghy - ctikia s bghUSl bghUJf.
3. fHfh ngfid guz vd fJiuJsh?
4. mfeh}W g F tiuf.
5. xsitah g F tiuf.
6. ugh il vjifaJ?
7. mfeh} mikj F bghUis bjgLJf.
8. IFW W g F tiuf.
9. fy g F tiuf.
10. jiykfF njh Tad ahit?
11. IFW Wghlyh matU cSiw bghUis bj gLJf.
II. beLdh :
1. bryza njhF jiykf brhatiw sFf.
III. yfzF tiuf.
mWFs, flhm ahid, fHfh,
XFkiy, ughil, bjhf, btkU
IV. J z jUf.
cWl, fHfh, nfhL, bryta
V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
bghJ,
-
20 21
3. fhd kiPF ff
-
22 23
jik gik idKW Ff - v, V, m, M, x, X, F,
L, J, W.
Kiy xUik idKW Ff - I, M
Kiy gik idKW Ff - ,
-
22 23
3. mw ya
UFw
jkh a ciy vW cynfhuh ghuhlbgW UFw.
Jnt jH Ukiw; cyf bghJkiwkhF. Fw' vgJ ulo btghit
FF. J U vw mil bkh bgW iy FjJ. (milaLj fUahF
bga) J gbd fzF fS xW.
UFw mwJgh bghUgh fhkJgh vD _W bgU fis
bfhL sFwJ. W KgJ _W mfhufis mfhuF gJ
ghf j MuJ KW KgJ Fwghfis bfhLsJ.
mwJgh KgbjL mfhufis cilaJ. mJ ghua, ywa,
Jwtwa, Ca vD ehF afis bfhL sFwJ vg mP.
bghUgh vGgJ mfhufis mua, mfa, xa vD
_W afis bfhL mikJsJ.
fhkJgh UgijJ mfhufis fsa, fa vw uL
afis bfhL sFwJ.
"UtSt th isjtW
yhjiy iziy KghY ynj"
vW jHiu j KwitgJ bjt. Y TwgLs fUJf
ahtF vfhyF bghUJtdthf sFwd. cyf bgUbkhf
gytY bkh bgafgL gyuhY gofbgW tUwJ. cyf
KGtJ xg Toa wj fUJfis bfhLs cyf bghJkiwahf
nghwgLwJ. UFwisnah mj fUJfisnah vLjhshj mP bgUkf
y vW TWksF bgUik bgWsJ.
mQit Jisnj fliy fo
FWf jj Fw
vW mitah j gK EgK fU fJiujh. UFwis
UtStiu gHj ytf ghuho ghoa Eh UtSt khiy vW
miHfgLwJ.
jifa bgUiy ekF a jjt bjtyt UtSt
Mt. t filrf fhykha .. ulh whil nrjt vg.
UtStiu ga cik tuyhW ygliy. brt brfns
csd. UtSt thj fhy g fUJ ntWghLf cL. t .K.
31- njhatbuW mP y TWt. ij fz nrf bfhL
UtStuhL Kiw tH tUwJ.
-
24 25
UtStiu xbthU rkajtU jj rkaij rhjtbuW TWt.
j_y tSt ca bghJik bfhif W bgWJyFtij
czuyh. UFwSF Kgh, thiw thJ, cjuntj, bghahbkh vW
ntW bgaf tHFtJ nghynt UtStUF Kjghty, bgh yt,
bgUehty, brehnghjh, ehadh, njt, khjhDg vW ntW bgafS
tHFwd.
(m) mlfKilik *
mlf mkuU cF mlfhik
MU cJ L. 1
fhf bghUsh mlfij; Mf
mjDhc iy cF 2
brtJ ik gaF mt
jh dlf bg 3
iy ah jlah nwhw
kiyD khz bgJ 4
vyhF ewh gj; mtUS
brtnf brt jifJ. 5
xUik Mikngh Ijlf yh
vGik Vkh ilJ 6
ahfhth uhD ehfhf; fhthfh
nrhfhg brhGF gL 7
xwhD brh bghUga Dlh
ewhfh jh L 8
dh Rl cshW; Mwhnj
ehdh Rl tL. 9
fjfhJ fwlf yhWth br
mwghF M EiHJ. 10
-
24 25
mUbrhbghU
Fw : 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 it IJ ghlhY bghJtifah mlfdJ w TwglJ.
Fw : 6 - bk mlf TwglJ.
Fw : 7,8,9 bkh mlf TwglJ.
Fw : 10 kd mlf TwglJ.
1. mlf = kd bkh bkf atf bryhJ mlFj; mkuU = njt
cyf (Rtf); cF = brYJ; MU = euf; cJL vgij
xU brhyhf bfhf.
2. bghUsh = caj bghUshf fU; fhf = filoJ xGFf; mj CF
= m mlfijl.
3. br = mlf ; ik = Gg, w ; mtJ = mlUjny mthtJ
vwJ; M =neat.
4. iy - (ywbeaha) iy W; ahJ - iywHhJ;
njhw = ca; khz = f.
5. eW M = eikjUtnj M; gj = mlFj; brtjifJ = brt
vdjF widilJ.
6. IJ = Ibghf; xUik = xU w; vGik = VG w; Vkh= ghJfh.
7. ah = vtiw (vyhtiw); nrhfhg = JWt. brhGF = brhFw;
nrhfhg vgJ xU brh.
8. xwhD = (v ms) xwhf UD; bghUga - bghUsh
istJ (bghUsh tU Jg); clh = clhtJ M; ewhfhJ
ML = jhL.
9. c MW (cl zhf D) csnj ML; ehdh =
fLbrhfsh; tL = jG; ntWika. ML jikaJ Mjyh
dh Rljid vW MwhJ beDns lj ehdh
Rljid tL vW Tdh.
10. fj- d; fhJ = ml ; br = jFj fhy ; mw = mwfl;
M = mil t
yfz
1. mlfhik - vkiw bjhbga. MU - gbjhif.
2. fhf - anfh idKW; bghUsh - (bghUshf vgj) bjhFjfhu;
mjDhcF - irasbgil.
3. bg - br vD thghL idbar.
-
26 27
4. mlah - idahyiz bga; kiyD - ca wik.
5. vyhF - KWik; gj - bjhbga; jifJ - F idKW;
ewh - (ewhF) bjhFj fhu; brtnf - njnwfhu.
6. cilJ - F idKW; ctika.
7. vGik, IJ - MFbgaf; fhthfh - vkiw idbar.
8. bghUga - _wh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; MD -
MD vgj fhu; eW - (eik) gbga;
9. dh ... tL. ntWika (, fLbrhyh clha uL
RLifah xnw vW Kj T xWikgL, ML.
ehdh RlJ MwhJ vW ntWgLj ntWikaahW Rl , Rl
tL. - bgaburf.
10. mlf - bjhbga, MWth - idahyiz bga.
(M) xutj
ifkhW ntlh flghL khkh
bldhW bfhnyh cyF. 1
jhsh jj bghUbsyh jfhF
ntshik brj bghUL 2
nj SyfJ L bgwynj
xu dy w. 3
xj jthD thth; kiwah
brjhU itf gL. 4
CU iw jnw cyfth
ngu ths U. 5
gaku cS gGjwh brt
eaDil ahf go 6
kUjh jgh kujwh brt
bgUjif ahf go 7
l gUtJ xu bfhfh
fld fh at 8
-
26 27
eaDilah eTjh dhj bru
brah jikfyh thW. 9
xu dhtU nfbl d~bjhUt
Wnfh jf JilJ. 10
mUbrhbghU
Fw : 1, 2, 3 - xu w TwglJ.
Fw : 4 - xutah
Fw : 5, 6, 7 - xuthsdJ brt gagLjik.
Fw : 8, 9 - tWikah xu xjghwW vgJ.
Fw : 10 - xudh bfLtJ nflW vgJ.
1. ifkhW = vghJ br cj; flghL = flikah bfhL bragl;
kh = kiHia jU nkf; (ga fUjhJ bg kiHF cyf vd ifkhW
brwJ? Mfnt bjhLs bfhlt br cjfS gaid
vghgiy. vdnt ntWbghUitg kiwJ tjJ. ifkhW
ntlh flghL vD bghJ bghUis khkhL vdhW bfhnyh
cyF vw w bghU vLJfhLtjh ntWbghU itg vdyh.
2. jhsh - f Ka brJ; jj =
-
28 29
yfz
1. ntlhflghL -
-
28 29
bghbsd Mnf wntuh; fhy gh
Jntg buh at. 7
brWeiu fh Rkf; Wtiu
fh Hfh jiy. 8
vj fa iajfh yiyna
brj fa bra. 9
bfhbfhf T gUtJ; kwj
Fbjhf j lJ. 10
mUbrhbghU
Fw : 1 - fhyjJ w TwglJ
Fw : 2, 3, 4 - fhykj ga
Fw : 5 - fhy thuht brajfJ
Fw : 6, - fhy thuht fhUgj w
Fw : 7, 8 - fhUFfh j csgifik njhwhJ mlFf vw
Fw : 9, - jFj fhy tJ iuJ bragLf vw.
Fw : 10 - fhUF, bragLjYF yfz.
1. Tif = u aF gwitfS xW (nfhlh); f = gif; bghGJ =
jFjfhyK NHY.
2. gUtnjhL = fhynjhL; xl = ira; uhik = fhk; MF = F.
3. mUid = ma bra; csnth = cnlh (iy); fUah = fhykJ =
fhykJ jf fUah brj.
4. fUD = idD; ifTL = ifafjjhF.
5. fyfhJ = jtwhJ.
6. Cf cilah = kdbtG cilat; xLf = mlUj; jf =
MLlh; jhfF = jhFtjfhf; ngU = nd fh thF; jifJ =
jikJ.
7. bghbsd = cldoahf; wntuh = btgilahf fho bfhskhlh.
cntg = gifikia cns itUg; xat = milat
(mila mur).
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30 31
8. brWe - gift ; Rkf = gf; Wtiu = (mfhd) W eh tjnghJ;
Hfh = Gtjh; njhWt vgJ bghU (jiyHhf J gift
mt).
9. iajfh - TotUbghGJ; bra = brf; miyna = mj fhy
ftjFns.
10. T gUtJ = idnk bryhUF fhyJ;
bfhF xf = bfhF ngh Uf;
j lJ = idnk brw lJ; fhy thjnghJ; Fbjhf = myF
bfhL FJtJ nghy jhFf.
yfz
1. vLJfhLtika. ctik xU bjhluhf bghU xU bjhluhf
f ctkU kiwJ gJ vLJfhLikaah. Tifia fhif
gfbtY (mJnghy) gif bty fUJthF jFj fhyka w
ntL vwthW. gfbtY - VHh ntWik bjhif, fbtY -
ulh ntWik bjhif.
2. xGf - bjh bga; uhik MF - vkiw idbar
3. mUid - gbjhif; csnth - Xfhu vkiw.
4. br - idbar.
5. fUJgt - idahyiz bga.
6. xLf - bjh bga; bghUjf - idbjhif; ngU - bgaU vgj
k%c.
7. bghbsd - Fbkh (iu F) - J ilbrh; xat -
idahyiz bga.
8. Rkf - anfh idKW; vjfh - fhW idbar.
9. bra - mW clghL anfh idKW ; vjF ma - vjF -
vfhy idbar.
10. bjhYtika, TjY FJjY Ma bjhfis ctjjh
bjhYtk; xf - anfh idKW.
-
30 31
(
-
32 33
3. cilj = jKila; ilf - eLnyna. Cf = kd vG; C =
braiy bjhl, Kjh - mjt (njhwt)
4. MF mikJ xGfh = ma ntjnuhL bghU xGfhJ; mstah =
jtik msit mahJ; jidajh = jhnd jid cathf
fU brUFWgt.
5. = knjhif; rhfhL - to; W = K, bg = Vdh, J
bkhjy. EtyhEt, xl vD mJ. xUt j giftiu
tikawtbuW fj MfhJ. tikawtnuahD fgyuhf xW
To bfhthuh tiks murD mtfis xU bghUlhf kahJ
fj fhuzjh njhw neU vgJ bgwglJ. thW fPjh
fUa bghUSF xjjhf ntbwhiw T mbghUis ygLJtJ
J bkhjyhF.
6. bfhg = Wngh; Ebfhg = is E; m~wJ = mtsid
flJ. J J bkhj. giftiu bty fUJgt jh bryjf
viy tiu kLnk bry ntL. khwhf nkY nkY brthdh j
cUF W njo bfhgt Mth vgJ bgwglJ.
7. MW = be ; M = bfhLF be; ms mJ = jkFs bghU
viyia mJ.
8. MF MW -bghU tU t; oJ = aJ; nghF MW = bryt t;
mfyhfil = bgUfhjh.
9. csnghy = csd nghy.
10. cstiu = jdFs bghU ms; fhj = MuhJ ghfhj; tiy =
iu; tstiu = brt viy.
yfz
1. idt, Jizt - Mwh ntWikbjhiff; bra - anfhidKW.
2. brth - idahyiz bga.
4. mah - vkiwidahyiz bga; xGfh, mah - (KWf vr
bghU tjd) Kbwr.
5. bgrhfhL - idbjhif; rhyFJ - cbrhbwhl; FJ - FJ
vgj wid.
6. bfhg -
-
32 33
g
I. Wdh :
1. UFw gFf ahit?
2. UFwSF tHF ntWbgaf ahit?
3. UtStUF tHF ntWbgaf ahit ?
4. mkuU cgJ vJ?
5. MU cgJ vJ?
6. kiyD khz bgaJ vJ?
7. xUik Mikngh - sFf.
8. nguths U vjifaJ?
9. eaDilah fgL brtF TwgL ctikia RLf?
10. bgUjifah fgL brt vjF xghdjhF?
11. WnfhjfJilJ vJ?
12. xUt Muha ntoa ehtif tikf ahit?
13. ilf Kjh gy - ah?
14. bghUis ngh tHF beahf tSt ciugd ahit?
15. bgrhfhL czJ cikahJ?
16. Tifia fhif gfbtY - sFf.
17. CfKilat xLfF fhlgL ctikia RLf.
18. bfhF fhykjYF Vw ctikahj ahd?
II. bgUdh :
1. mlfKilik wid tSt vd Jiuwh?
2. xUt ehtlf ngzntL vgjid Fw tna vLJ fhLf.
3. xuthsdJ brt gagL khid sFf.
4. tu bry xg tHFkhW tSt ciugd ahit?
5. xuntahD mstJ brf vW tSt ciuFkhW ahd?
6. Ebfhg Vdh m~wJ C cWahL - j
fzikj mid sFf.
7. J bkhjyia s FwnshL bghU fhLf.
-
34 35
8. gfbtY Tifia fhif fbtY ntjF ntL bghGJ -
jf mikj mid sFf.
9. ntWika vwh vd? ghlgF tJs FwghfUJ
vLJfhL jUf.
10. bfhF xf T gUtJ kwj
Fbjhf j lJ - jf mikj mid sFf.
III. beLdh :
1. mlfKilik g tSt TW fUJfis bjhFbjGJf.
2. xutj vw jiy tU fUJfis xU fLiu to tiuf.
3. fhykj - tSt ciugdtiw UgJ tf sf tiuf.
4. taj vD mfhu tSt TW fUJfis bjhFbjGJf.
IV. il njf :
1. j kh a ciy vW ghuhl bgWtJ?
m) Manrh M) ygfhu ) UFw
2. UFw vgJ,
m) milaLj fUahF bga M) gbga ) mbkhbjhif
3. mwJgh cs mfhuf vif
m) 133 M) 38 ) 35
4. mwJghfzikj af
m) mua mfa xa M) fsa fa
) ghua, ywa, Jwtwa, Ca
5. UFw bgUikia czJ Eh.
m) gHbkh ehDhW M) UtStkhiy
) eht ehkkhiy
V. bghUJf :
m Fw
ctika dh Rl cshW Mwhnj
ehdh Rl tL
ntWika bfhbfhf T gUtJ kwj
Fbjhf j lJ.
-
34 35
J bkhjy CU iwjnw cyfth
nguths U.
bjhYtika bg rhfhL kW kgl
rhy FJ bg
ait a gajyh ait
D kr gL
VI. nfhol lf Vw brhfis mikJ vGJf.
1. xUik ___________ Ijlf yh
___________ ilJ.
2. ahfhth uhD ___________ fhthfh
nrhfhg ___________ gL.
3. cilj ___________ Cf C
___________ gy.
4. idt ____________ khwh t
____________ bra.
5. gf btY _____________ fbtY
ntjF ______________ bghGJ.
6. CU _____________ jnw cyfth
_____________ U.
7. bg ___________ kW kgl
___________ FJ bg.
VII. yfzF vGJf.
mjDhcF bgw uhik MU
mth mfyhfil gj nfL
bghUsh cyF csnth bfhg
mlfhik bgrhfhL rhy tHFbe
mstJ njhwh bfL Ebfhg
nfh idt
VIII. J z jUf.
MU jhsh brtJ bghUbsyh
nguths mW Ijlf Ebfhg
bghUga bfhbfhf MfhW brh
-
36 37
IX. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
fhf Ug EiHJ Kjh
mlah thth ntuh MWth
thHhjh ajh mJ nrhfhg
gj brth
-
36 37
4. bjhliy br
(m) tfjhk
j bkhf sF IbgUfhafS xW tf
jhkahF.
jhk vgjF xFwhj k vgJ bghU. FWjyhj mHF
jeil bgUgjhY j khj j be itJ nghWtjhY
jhk vd jFilajhW.
fhaij a jHidF m brjt Ujfnjt vD
yt bgUkhdht. t nrhH ehil nrjt. rkz rkarhj Jw. t
eUj vw iy vGsh.
tfjhkF kz vw bgaU cL. ~J ehkf ygf
Kjyhf Kygf
-
38 39
jij ah klgny ahir lY mir jik
iybjh WEj bjt ghitngh
fiybjh glbt gho dhf
iybgh Fud;
-
38 39
jij tfl ahiHju gj
fjntnyW bgw
flil iz kh
Jbt JJ bky
eLj njh Tj
Gt oa nrnjh
bfhoY bfho
vwif khg ah
JJ bfhLnkh vwh. 5
tf ahid Muhj
jlfzh gdh
jhd iz bahid
beLfzh via
J odh
klfyd bkhdh
tUif btW bfhLj
ljPhd bjiyia
sf YW nehdh. 6
tf ah Fw mj
RuJ thd NKJ
bkbeh w Jna ngh
guj nf Jiwngha
igjh khg gRbghah
eu njdh bjdo
eyh iz bghyhik
Uj vyh whis
neh ir J brhdh. 7
s Jntlh;
tj Jnghf;
th sF v eyjh
th Qw Jelf;
-
40 41
XU cUnk J l
bjhf xbgh DFbfhona
rh fif Wtngh
w wk Jbtwh. 8
gytifahD MuhJ ah ebww
fnr bfh mHah
fhk ah btjtngh
bfhiy Ht RlgL
Fu btj J;fW
y Kj bjdngh
k khj JYiw
eah l mJbfhL
eif eyj Jbtwh. 9
Uy klij pw
UR bgD ifjh
Uey D bghPh
KyU kh gh
xUey f l
cLneh ehF
mUey f thth
mJ tj bjwh. 10*
mjahY Fw cik
bjhil eu ik
jyh bghGJ X
bjhil ait fhz
bP Jnuhk fhl
njfk X njhwh
brtD bfd ikj
thF ey if
th eu bfhlh 11
-
40 41
tf ah o ghLj
gtU igbgh gj
gid gts M
kfil kU thsh
khlf tu nj
mbgw xG ad
mJw eu eah
ff fhis bfhL
flyf tisf Ywh. 12
tf irf jij v ir bjhlf
gUJ HYngh ghL vHhY
UJjh tfnf nrjdbt bw
Ujhf ahg izjh njhgh
Ujh skngh ViHnt fzh 13
jij Fu eL njhWj
gbzhW ghl yJbthW gtisif
kbzhW bkuY theu nkelth
a lW eLeL
v khj irnjh Ujdns. 14
- Ujfnjt
mUbrhbghU
1. iy = ; iy bjh - (bjh iy) ngh eh Va ; WEj
= a beila fhjUt jij; bjt ghit = bjtjh brj
bfh ghit; fiy = irfiy; v = ahiH thJ; bgh =
nrhiy; Fud = tisjd; gwit = duJd vD gwitf;
it irnahL xg wjit. xiwbahW izah; MQ
bgQkh sFtd. fiybjh bghUj ghLj - gz,
gtliz, Muhj, ijtu, bry, isahL, if, FWnghF vw
v tifahd KiwikaJ ghLj. ah thjyh nrhiyf tisjd;
f jiu
-
42 43
fikah fl Joah bfhowirah
gzs thnjhwh gbjah vit
fsh eWbja ifjtnd fjUt
cshs ghl cz. - vgJ ir ku.
ghtif : mWfbeoyo MaUj. 2 - 12 MaUjf.
3. nfhij = fhjUtjij; KutJ = Muthj; njd = tLf Tl;
vHh tif = ah TWghL; u = (njhailjtiu u vwJ) f
F; u = nghoF tj mjz; vky = KUfky; du = ah
a eu; brth = fhjUtjij; csu = jlt; ciljd = njhwd;
ghl = lWghl; bgh mdh = Ukf nghth (jij).
4. Lfiz = W l m (vagl m); ir = ntf nghy;
bta = Ugjf; = Fiu; fh = fhW; fhau = fLfhWnghy
iuj eilidila Fiuf; fhJ toEid = bfhy ciyfsjH
KUffhJ tofgl Ta E; mef = mHa klg; Eid = Tik.
5. fj nt = ciwW vLj nt; fl - fhL; nt VW bgw = nt VWjiy
bgw; iz = bgkh; kh = ka; btJJ = bgU_brJ. G =
j; bfhoY bfho = xU bfhoia jG kbwhU bfhoia nghy
zhgia jG; njh = zhg; a = y Xl; bfhLnkh = bfhLgh;
cJ bfhLjyhtJ = ntW gy ahfis bfhLJ ahH mtdit
cjJ wF ey ahiH bfhLj.
6. jlfzh = mfw ffisila fhjUtjij; v = ciw; bkh
= tik; klf = f; beLfzh - zhg; sfYW = mf
v.
7. bkbehJ
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42 43
= nkfjU kiH (kiHaha gh) f = mHF bghU; nehehF
= fbt, mf, fLfhW, jbzw H; it ehdhY
jhfgL j brHj; thth mJ = thdh btlgL.
11. jyhbghGJ = beLneu; X = brh; = KWF; bjhil
= fshyha khiy; be = js, cilJ; th eu = l
KWfkikj eu; mit = eif; ah ewhf Uj jdF nrkkhf
euig kL bfhlh; ikj = tf; ey = tf j; X = Tj
(Tjiyilat)
12. gj = ah X cW; th M = xbghUa; ff fhis = ffsh
fHgl tf; gid = gytha ntiyghL cs; flyf = flyh
NHgl cyf; khlf = ah euig GJ fL fU; gtU = thj
bjhny tU.
13. ghL = thah ghL ghL; vHh = ahHh clhF ir; gUJ
HY nghghL vHhY - gUJ mj HY nghy ghL
ahir izahJ xUj. gUJ gwFlnj Kiwna
caJ myfW MJ D mKiwna nknk cawh
nghy ghl ntLj thW ctfglJ; Ujhf = (Jtiu
yhj) Jikahf.
14. khj = fhjUtjij; gbzhW ghlyJbthW = ghL ahir ntW
ntwhUj; lW eLFj = Fu eLFj; v = vz
idHJ; kQj = gQj. (thj) 13, 14 M ghlf fUjkh.
yfz
1. v - brhirasbgil; WEj = mbkhbjhif; ghit -
ctikahFbga; iybgh - ulh ntWik cU gaD clbjhf
bjhif; iy bjh - Mwh ntWik bjhif;
2. fUbfho - gbjhif; Ufl - gbjhif; folW - cbrhbwhl;
fabdLf, gtsbrth - ctkbjhiff.
3. ky - idbjhif; nfhij - ctikahFbga; vky - ctkbjhif;
brth - mbkhbjhif; (fhjUtjij) xg - ctkU; du -
gbjhif; csu ... ciljd - brabt thghL idbar; eug -
idbjhif; bfhghl - idbjhif.
4. Lfiz - idbjhif; nl - gbjhif; toEid, sbfh
- idbjhiff; thgil - UbgabuhL gbjhif; mLiu -
idbjhif.
5. fj nt - bgabur; bfhLnkh - 'nkh' Kiyair; ah - gbjhif.
6. md - ctkcU; , cJ - idbarf; beLf - gbjhif;
lj Phd - bgabur; jlf - cbrh bjhl.
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44 45
7. RuJ, KJ, behJ - idbarf; vd - ctkcU; bghyhik -
vkiw bjhbga; wh - idahyiz bga; vyh - F
idKW.
8. nghf, elf, xf - anfh idKWf; mk - Kiyair; xbgh
- g bjhif; XU - mir.
9. fif Wt - ehfh ntWik bjhif Kiw bghU tjJ; eah -
g bjhif; eyjJ - F idKW;
10. ifjh - VH bjhif.
11. thF - br vD thghL idbar; fk X - mbkhbjhif
(idbjhif wJ wjJ).
12. fhis - ctk MFbga.
13. UJjh - idbjhif; nt fzh - ctk bjhif.
14. elth - brah vD thghL idbar; eLeL - uils;
lW - wjJ ja vrik.
g
I. Wdh :
1. jhk - bga fhuz jUf.
2. jhkF tHfgL ntW bga ahJ?
3. jhk vjid ygff csd?
4. Ujf njt idj ntbwhU ahJ?
5. jij ahirah fjd ahit?
6. jij irkunfg ir tHaik ahd?
7. bfhoY bfho - sFf.
8. gUJ HY ngh - ctikia sFf.
II. bgUdh :
1. tfjhk - ya tuyhW jUf.
2. tf ahgh fl Fwf vit?
3. tf ebwW fl ah wf ahit? m fl Fw ahJ?
4. jij tfF njhwij sFf.
-
44 45
5. lRo bghU sFf.
1. eubghL iz eh eljnjh
2. JJ bfhLnkh.
3. eif eyjJ J.
4. njfk X njhwh brtDF.
III. beLdh :
1. tf fhjUtjijia ah ngho btw fia bjhFJ
tiuf.
IV. yfzFbgGJf.
ntf, Lfiz klfyd bjhil
bfhLnkh fjnt njdhbjd v
ifjh gRbgh thF eah
eu csu bfhlh
V. J z jUf.
iybjh ntnyW th bjt ghit
mJw njd l gbzhW
thgil gRbgh sbfh vwif
igjh cUnkW bjhil
VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
iejh xf thF bfhlh
ghodh KjJ njhgh Ujh
ciljd cwh odh brhdh
Kdh nrjd nehdh
VII. tU mofis bghU sFkhW bjGJf.
1. Uky fky jf nld Kutbjhg
2. s J ntlh; tj Jnghf
3. XU cUnk Jl bjhf bth bghDFbfhona
4. Ujhs kngh nyiH nt fzh.
5. gbzhW ghltJ bthW;
VIII. nfhol lfis Vw brhfsh uf.
1. tfjhkia aat __________________
2. jhkna vW miHfglt _____________
-
46 47
3. tfjhkF ciuflt _________________
4. tfjhk gW tU ghd _______________
XI. bkhw tsg mf.
1. Ukz vgJ u mogilwh mikUjJ. uf VWjGj,
fwbtj, bfhy Kja u brafsh ftugL kf mufis
khiyljhf yaf TWwd.
bfhnyW nfhlR thid kWik
yhns Makf
-fbjhif
2. vGJfis Xir FwhJ fhJ xJ gHFj ntL. e mUik
jbkhf mikj brfis brh ghJ Xir ea gHFf.
F :
catw caey cilat atdt
katw key kUd atdt
matW kkuf sg atdt
JauW Rluo bjhGbj bH kdnd
- ekhth
beo
ahjhD ehlhkh uhkh bybdhUt
rhJiz fyhj thW
- UtSt
nfshe is isF nfLglu wkU
nfhsha Fgt nfhba bgUkhnd.
- UPhdrgj
KLF
$k tsh cy khlk VJ nghbyhU
nrizid neU ;
nfhfdf ndhj mju!
kyth wbjhU thij brhyhnsh.
- ghujhr
-
46 47
(M) whuhz
iwt Uj ef ehaf mtf a tuyhid vLa
a j whuhz.
w vD mu brh j kunfg wh vW tHfglJ.
wh vgjF thif vgJ bghU. uhz vgJ tuyhW. vdnt
whuhz vgjF ef ehaf thif tuyhW vdyh. yhjJ
fhl, E tJ fhl, {uJ fhl vw _W bgU fis
5027 Ujghfis bfhL yFtJ; it Kiwna wafhl,
brbghUfhl, bryafhl vd gL. bgUkhdh wjJ sik
ffS UkzK yhjJ fhl ciufgLwd. thdt wh
_y Ukiw ef bgUkhdhF mUsglJ mj kf eljit
EtJ fhl ngrgLwd. kfij L bgUkhdh kd
brwJ iy Wjfhf fj nghfS w {wJ fhl
tiuagLsd. whuhz ef ehaf th KYkhf gho iw
bragliy.
g} mFkJ kiufha vgtjh bgUkhdh a Uth KGik
ghoKojh. m~J d wh vW tHfgLwJ.
whuhzij aat ckWyt. t vlau foif KJ yt
khzt. brF mJ fh kiufha vw ts jfh ntLnfh
tznk ckW yt whuhzij vGj bjhldh. KWW Kdnk
jfh kiwjh. m fh vw ts cjah whuhz iw
bgwJ. ckWyt m fh mtfis gy lf id TJ
nghWtJ FljfJ.
ckWyt KJbkhkhiy vw vgJ ghfsh Ma iy
giljJsh. fhy gndHh whL.
ll gly
giftfSF yglhthW ef bgUkhdh mgf vw j JiztnuhL
bjs kiyFif jUjhf. xU rka mgf ko jiyrhJ
bgUkhdh J bfhlhf. mj kiyFif iwa tisf Ujd.
mtW xU tis tahf ghbghW jiy oW. mgf bgUkhdh
cwfJF ilW thuhtz jkJ nkyhilia J mj bghid
miljh. gh ntbwhU bgh tna jiyia l mjid JJ
mgf miljh. go tisfbsyhtiw milJ L xU bgh
tna gh bttjJ. nkyhilJ KY J nghdjh mgf jkJ
csfhiy itJ mj iHia miljh. dKw gh mgf fhiy
gyKiw oW. bgUkhdh J fiyJ l Tlhnj vw fnthL
mgf jkJ fhiy mfwhkY mirahkY Ujh. eR jiynf kaFW
bghGJ ehaf Unk f jhf. enr mykU j Jiztiu ghJ
-
48 49
cwJ ddhf. mgfU fjJ ciujh. bgUkhdh ghid
ghJjh VJ F brahUj nghJ dJ oabjbdd dhdhf.
gh bgUkhdh UKf fhQ nehnfhL fhJ ljij UKfij
fhzayhjthW mgf jLjjh oaij vLJiujJ. bgUkhdh
ghF mU JLjhf. enr kaUj j Jizt ghjny
jkJ Uth Ca v mKjjh eR Ugo mUdhf. bgUkhdh
v mKj jlt bgwJ nk Va eR J mgf iw ey s
bgW ehaf Unkia gJ bjhGjh.
ll gly
ehafUnk mtf mgf ko gLJ JYj
efiu lfW fhN efl JiwJ njL
fyt f fhzh Ujt UF fhiy
fy gf br koir bghUj thr
fu nr ts brGJ t jhdh. 1
gh jiyLj
kiwe Jyh w kiyKiH aj fnz
FWtis andf khnfh tis bfhLf btth
bjWJis iug zh Wbgh glj brN
blWt fa ghj Ujiy o wnw. 2
mgf tisia ailj
goao gug brah KfkJ g Tu
koir Jwh j tisl ju fnlh
otbj thnwh btd btU beRisJ nghj
lit J R ngJwh jilJ wh. 3
tisf xW kL milglhUj
xUtis a ah kiljd cuf
-
48 49
gh mgfiu Lj
wgl fjh ntf bghf brtJ
kiwgL tisF shj tYl beJ o
FbghL bfj ehF FiHtw J th
Lwgl s jh fa Juf knw. 6
mgf fhiy vLfhUf gh L L Lj
gL tis fhiy Ly foJ vd
bfhbghL bfj ehF Fiwgl
gbghL cliy gLl kidJ
abghL ntf bfh lofo foj jnw. 7
e ntf V mgf kaFjY bgUkhdh jY
gdU bfhoa ntf guJl midJ jh
br gug rnw ij kaf njhw
jiy jsuh Js jhis bga lhk
miy Ujh br aFkJ jh unw. 8
kafK Uj mgfl ef dhj
kl uL br kiuky j bjd
at j ff j gf jik
ba nehf rnw kafK Ujh fL
a fhuzfnsJ csbt fY bkwh. 9
mgf gh oaij TWj
Kl oUS shj KiH bah wiyia l
jlbfhnfh of yhjh whid J fhY
bjhlyh tz fh jiljd Jisg ghj
lf fhw btF foj jnw. 10
ef ghl dht
mUkiw bghUsh nwh mikj gdfnk ahf
tiundh Lf QW tU jdk yhk
gl cdahJ FwK gw Jnlh
jiubd Kndh Kdh aa jtW Knlh? 11
-
50 51
VbjhU Fiw brj it f bjzhk
j ytiu nghy beLil aj tJ
Jw bfhoa ntf jiy bfhs dJ
ntjid glth itj bjbdd iu nflh. 12
gh kWbkh TWj
beoa fhyKbwhU ga idjt fLJ
Ko ngh jLgt butiu Ku
joj ebwD mdh jojnj a
go ndhjt ybdd iujJ ghj. 13
ef ghD fU a mgf eR f bgWj
mut fw vy gfbr kyjh
jU bfhL th bfhLl kfy
kiu j J id udh th
iua wjl dbrG fKf kJnt. 14
Us fa fut fbud j
g bgL mj clbyyh guj
fa btl midij mQtw foJ
brh fhbfh labk khrw Jilj. 15*
gd fbfhL lbgU gUtu J
D brf nty gfU wyh
kd kdt KfkJ el tiu
irf bHhL aidbjhG Ujh. 16
- ckWyt
mUbrhbghU
1. fh = fhL; ef = kiy,
-
50 51
5. fh = ngbuh; eiw = nj; bghJS = u; gu = f; ldw = l
yhjthW.
6. bfj = gf; ntf = d; csjh = csfh; thLs =
thiasJ; faJ = gaJ;
7. mbghL = dnjhL; bfhL = fbfhL; gL vgJ
brnshir fU gL vd tJsJ.
8. gdU = brhyayhj; ntf = e ntf; br = jiy.
9. kiuky = jhkiuky; at = iwt; fY = brhY;
10. nfhof = Mil; fh = fhW; fhW = cJ.
11. gdf = gh; tiu = kiy jiu = .
12. il = tis, bghJ; jyhjt = yhjtd
13. joj = bfhYj; Ku = khWgL, gifikbfhL
14. iuaw = Fwkw; kiu = jhkiu (
-
52 53
9. kiuky - KjFiw; vd - ctkU; k - KfJFM tjJ ctk
MFbga.
10. Jisg - ulh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif.
11. mUkiw - g bjhif; nwh - idahyiz bga; cdahJ -
cdF + ahJ - Fafu. ( = + )
12. beLil - g bjhif;
13. idjt, jLgt - idahyiz bgaf.
14. brky - g bjhif; brGf - gbjhif; kyjh - ctik
bjhif; kiu - jhkiu, KjFiw
15. btl - g bjhif.
16. brf - g bjhif; D brf - id bjhif
g
I. Wdh :
1. whuhz vw bjhl bghU ahJ?
2. whuhz vjid fhlfisilaJ? mit ahit?
3. whuhz bjhlf KW bgw Jiz w ts bgUkf
aht?
4. ckWyt - Ma F tiuf.
II. bgUdh :
1. mz bgUkh kiyFif J bfhlJ ahd?
2. gh braY mgf brif ahit?
3. milglhUj tis thia mgf vthW miljh?
4. gh mgfiu oaJ V?
5. JYzj ef dh njhHil ahit?
6. ef bgUkh ghl daJ gh kWbkh ahit?
7. mgfUF bgUkh eR jUaJ ahd?
III. beLdh :
1. mgfUila m Mwiy ef bgUkh mtiu eR
jUaij s tiuf.
-
52 53
IV. tU mofis bghU sFkhW bjGJf.
1. efiu lfW fh N efl JiwJ
2. otbj thnwh btd btUbeR isJ
3. ltuiw gh btaQ btD njhwh
4. Kl oUSshj KiH bah wiyia l
5. VbjhU Fiw brj it f bjzhk
6. beoa fhyKbwhU gyidjt fLJ.
V. nfhol lfis Vw brhfsh uf.
1. ckWyt Ma __________ Mth.
2. bryafhl vdgLtJ __________ MF.
3. dwh vwiHfgL iy aat __________ Mth.
4. ckWyt aa kbwhU __________
5. ef bgUkh mgfUl jUj Fifs kiy bga
__________
6. ghj, cuf, gdf, g, mu vD brhf bghU __________ vgjhF.
7. ll gly __________ fhl csJ.
VI. yfzF tiuf.
kKf gLl foeiw
Jisg ir vWt kiyKiH
myh kiuky FWtis beLil
mUkiw fyt jsuhJ
VII. J z jUf.
bfhLf kiuj brky tyjh
btl brGf ldw khrw
Wbgh tYl mUkiw iuaw
Jisg kyjh
VIII. cWyfz jUf.
ciwJ R Jilj btU
fhzhJ miljd Ujh vzhk
nr jld J Kl
fnl myh cisJ
-
54 55
IX. bkhw tsg:
ll gly csJ ngh mj bjhk br ntW U
xLf.
v.fh.
xL :
1. guRuhk j khzhf fd ko jiyitJ cwf, tblhW
bjhilia FilJ FU bgUf brjJ. fd j Ma cwf
fiyjyhfhnj vW fU mj bfhoa Jgij jh bfhL
mkUjJ khghujbr.
2. maof ikj _j UehfuR gh l bgwJ fL
mguof `xW bfhyh' vw njthugf irJ fSny ca
bfhlJ bga uhz tuyhW.
cL
ntWgL rkabkyh FJ gh
sFgu bghUns isahlyh
khWgL fUiy Ko nkhd
th eungh tawkh
- jhkhdh
ehw g
illhJ brh gHFf
1. fu tl tiu Fa jU
brUbyhU bghU byd nfhod
2. j.J ful fl jl
j iwT kU is
jus jdF iyL.
3. ndW bfhoKiy Lbfhiy foKiy
btis gis MndW.
4. KJj c tUbkhU Ukf.
-
54 55
() kndhka
ehlfj fS jiyaha widilajhf sFtJ
kndhka. ehlf fhafsh w bgW sF tlbkhF
-
56 57
tf uiu
mf : 4
fs : 1
fhy : fhiy - gilgfs. khj - tftG - uf
tf : mjz tsF brjH jY
ehl khdK _oa d
mnwh thndh bfWnk ct!
tj fatE ij bfhSa
btjH ftnu jd MFf!
uf : MFf ! MFf !!
tf : W J ujnkh J
Wf gy fJnk j
ghoa cik ghuhL gd
l Uj mtj brUF
Rjju mtF; Rthrk wW
id ewh fdD jid
vdKu riwnk vir ahF!
j ngh VL fha
j fJ brakh JkF
Kj lj Kiu ah
vjid jiyKiw yfh F!
uf : n# ! n# !!
tf : nghF fhank f fha
ahfJ thF M! M! nehF
mdj jiyKiw tUj khf
dd jhkD gF Rjju
jjj Kndh behj bz
ija U Jt f
vwh y uJnfh lfJ
mnwh miw mnah mJ
nzh f fnz vtnu
-
56 57
glh Jy fGl giljh.
fGl g fGl nghbk
fzfz njh fzfz kiw
zgy tbuyh wjh bugnth!
- nguha bg. Rjuis
mUbrhbghU
brjH = nf _Lw beU; thndh = njtf ehlkd =
ehLgW; jd = wF; cf = f; (C) Uj = giftfns; Rthr =
_RfhW; nf ciHUgJ. brakhJ = (rayR) btUkf;
yfh = Fah; milahskh, nghFfha - ngh
-
58 59
III. beLdh :
1. giluid neh tf ciuj uiuid bjhFbjGJf.
IV. yfzF tiuf.
btjH fGl MFf MFf vgnth
l nghF dd id
V. J z jUf.
btjH nghF bz ehlkhd
fGl ahfJ d tbuyh
mtF Kuriwnk
VI. cWyfz tiuf.
l miljh MFf njh
thF Uj bfhSa
VII. il njf :
1. kndhkaij aat.
m) Rjuis M) RjuKt ) Rju
2. kndhka ftU Jizfij.
m) tfh rgj M) tfhrj ) tfh brt
3. Rjuisia nghW KfkhfjHf muR WaJ.
m) gfiyfHf M) muritfPg ) mwflis
4. kndhka ehlf MfF Jiz w My
m) ufa t M) Xbjnyh ) nkhrgaz
5. tf Jtjh nfhil Wa l
m) Jnfhil M) kJiu ) Ubent
VIII. bkhw tsg :
tf ciuj uiu nghy ehLgid tsF u bkhfis f
njo gYf.
ghuj ehL gHbgU ehL
uj jt idtf wh
ghuj ehL ghbfyh yf
uj jt idtf wh!
jhU ehil jfL nyriu
khl Ugh thnkh thbfh
- ghuah
-
58 59
U tubgLj taY MW
njae thfhY tifg L
benru cGJGJ ga isF
iwiH njhfbsyh vt njhf?
fsJ kiysJ ff bto
fUbayh brJjj ifjh ahif?
bghWfis flKij kF yij
nghbaLf mla _ brt _R?
- ghujhr
rj mf
ejhjk efhjy...
enrw ejhiu
enjank tnje
behjhJa jnjt
jh be wht
jjht jhH
mongh mlbfLngh Kf
ongh FlbyLngh L
bghongh tirJil nghK
Fongh tjLngh
elngh beho
vd thF
bgUKuru bgaU.
- Rju is.
Ma ehaU gu
NaU brhY a thrf - tnjkhju!
btnj nghD
behnj khD
enjrj!
Utnj brhtJ
tnjkhju!!
- ghuah
-
60 61
(
-
60 61
cyf irah uUwJ. irbagJ muFf irfgL
bra irkLkW, Vo vGjglhkY fUfsh irfglhkY
fhW KGJ fyUgJ irjh. thbkh yakh kf yakh
gu lF irj bjhl lbkyh jLgLtJ cL. mj ir
cUtfkhf eh bfhStJ F. FghL vw ghu gil ir
bgUik ngrgLwJ. ghu F irkany fLL lj gF ekJ
ghl gFahf jugLsJ.
mUbrhbghU
th = fl; nfhbwhoah = bgf (cyifia bjhoaj if
bfhl bgf); FFbtd = (beoF bgf br) xF; giz
= tabt; ntFH = yhFH; gf = irghLf.
yfz
fhdgwit - VHh cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; tisfuf -
ulh ntWik cU gaD cl bjhf bjhif; fyfbyd, FFbtd -
uils ; nuhir - Mw bjhif; bgUfl - g bjhif; ghna -
jik xUik idKW; gHF, ghL - id bjhif; thF fU - brbk
thghL bgabur.
g
I. Wdh :
1. ghuah KbgU fshf Rl bgWtd ahit?
2. ghuah ela jf ahit?
3. ghuah trd fijf ahahUila fijfnshL xlgLwd?
II. beL dh :
ehoY fhoY ehbsyh ebwhF ghLfshf ghuah
vtiw FLwh?
III. yfzF tiuf.
bgUfl, fyfbyd gizklth, tisfuf
ghna, thF gfU.
IV. cWyfz jUf.
bfhLnj oF CL thF
xF
-
62 63
V. J z jUf.
fhdgwit, TlKj, mUbah khDlbgf
bgUfl, nuhir tisfuf, gfU,
ebwhF.
VI. bkhw tsg :
Vwghil mJ bfhf
_iy nkny
F gnu
F giu
thF fnuhnd
-
62 63
5. yaf
(m) mHf isL J
mur xUt knwh murDF Jtiu mDtJ gHfhy Kj
UJtU tHfkhF. makh juhf xsit brwij weh}W TWwJ.
kjfis kLk cUs, cuw wbghUfis jDtjhf fgid
brJ ghL tHfK mW UjJ. Jnt fhy xU ya tifahf
cUthW.
J bjhwhW tif yafS xW. jiyt xUtid
fL fhj bfhl jiy xU j fhjiy thwhikia btgLj
U jiytgh J mDtjhf ghLtJ J yakhF.
gwU fbt gh dhny
caiz bghUis m~iz bghUis
r Lj KJW bjd
ghoa yt ehod bjnj
vW yfz sf gh, yfz TWwJ. btlis ua
fbtghth J ya ghl bgw ntL. md, k, , F, tL,
ber, K, bjw, kh, j KjatW ahjhD xiw jhf mDt.
UkhUnrhiy kiy nfh bfhoUF mHflJ gyglil
brhfehj is vw yt ia JLtjhf mikJ ghoUgJ mHf
isL J MF.
~J VwFiwa 250 MLfSF Ka yhF. fh btgh xiw
239 ffis cilaJ. gho ulofis f vg.
brhfehj is kud gyglilfzF vD xUtif gia
brJ tjd. t jijah bga brhff is. kJiu Kknfhit,
bjw L J vgd t aa ntW y f MF.
mHf w
mto kh duto kh
bgabjhU wJ - fa 1 *
tiu jl njhsz tfha To
miu L nrid aU - cUudh 2 *
gQ bjhiy gifJy fhk
JQ gobayh KlU - btbzl 3 *
-
64 65
jid jjgh nghjhk nygJ
ntjid bgW btW - ghjtij 4 *
jSeil L jtJ isahL
isik fhj bgah - xiHah 5
bfhiy bgiz FiuahF Uajh
fiybg zhF kyfhdh - brhfF 6
ghu KJfilj ghayh - ztfh
Mu KJfilj tifah - ehl 7
tfh dfflj thljh ntLtF
bkfh dfflj odh - v fhj 8
bts jndh ntiyF nkjnjh
csJ shDyF fghyh - bj 9
btl btWbt nyW njhwhjh
l UJ ilahjh - jlhbj 10
vny kha bdDng dhbyhngh
fzbdD bgauh fhngh 11
- gyglil brhfehjis
mUbrhbghU
1. f - 1 m = f; mu = t; eu tokhbad J, eubdD
mtjhu brbjW bfhSjY MF. f euf mtjhuij
RoaJ. fto kjtokhd X mtjhu; wjJ.
2. mz = ua; fha = cl, czbghUnshL nrF gytif bgho;
nrid = ira, nrid (wj FHijF KjKj ehL );
mU = cL; cUudh = iybgw toit cilatdh; cUu vw
flsh.
3. gQ bjh = fhj bjh, yfh - kiz FiHl
bghL; yij fhj. yij fhj FHijfSF kbghoLj
ku ; gobayh clU = CfhyJ cyfij j thD nghL
mfJ mla bra; go = cyf; goah = goah msfgL mah Ma
urhj; jid = fzDF gh bfhLgJ ngh eR bfhLJ fzid
bfhy frdh mDgglt.
4. ntjid = Jgij, uknjtid; ghjtij - kUj kufis; ghjtij =
Mufhfisila rfu oa toia, rfl.
-
64 65
5. xiHah = xa Mguzij mj kf.
1-5 tof FHij wjY nridaUjY yfhgjY gh
nto mGjY jtjY eilLjY Ma is gUt ff uLw
bkhjyhf brhygLsd.
6. bgiz - gidku (bfhiyYs gidia FiuahFjF fhuzkhd;)
kf klnyWj; a ugj cs bga Ukl Kjatwh
magL. atHif fL kf klnyWt vgJ fUJ. bg = mfif;
fF = Ukirahth khzhfuhd ffz bghUL.
7. ghu = gS, Rik; KJF milj ghayh = gh gLifia njh
ffzF nd brwt; M mKJ filj = ma mKjij
filj; njtF Ughfl mKJ filj uhz br; ehnahL =
jhuhonahL.
8. tfhdf flj = ta jlfhuaij flJ brw; ntLtF =
rubdD ntlDF; bkfh eff jj = bka fh effis jj
(fzuhDila fhiy khdhf idJ ruij vJ fzuhDila
ghjbkW mJ tUa mtDF il mjh vgJ tuyhW);
klf.
9. Kjyo Ku mikJsJ; (mndh, jnjh) ntiy = fl
(ghfl); csJsh = f mikUgt; cyFF mghyh
= f nrikUgt (nra, ma v ij wkha -
Ukifahth ghRu)
10. kha = fa wKilat, khiaia cilat; fz = vyh fY
cst (vyhF f nghwt)
yfz
tfha - gbjhif; miuL nrid - vfhy bgabur; jjgh,
filj ghayh - wjfhy bgaburf; kyfh - ctikbjhif,
tfhdf - gbjhif.
-
66 67
g
I. W dh :
1. jhf mDgjf bghUf ahit?
2. gyglil brhfehj is aa wf ahit?
II. bgUdh :
1. J ya yfz vGJf.
2. uLw bkhj vD c isL gW tU ghid
t.
3. tfhdf flj thljh ntLtF bkfhdf flj odh -
tof mikj mid RLf.
III. beLdh :
1. mHfj wfshf mHf isL J TWtd ahit?
IV. yfzF vGJf.
wJ fhj MuKJ
tfha kyfh ghayh mto
V. J z jUf.
tiu jl, nridaU, yfh bk fhdf,
csJsh, clU
VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf,
jtJ, fhj, fhngh, njhwhjh
-
66 67
(M) ffJ gu
gu vgJ j tHF bjhwhW tif yafS xW.
ngh Kid Mu ahidfis bfhW bt bfhl uiu ghLtij gu
vwd.
Mid Mu mkil btw
khd tDF tFgJ gu
vW yfz sf ghoa gu yfz TW.
gu vw eh fhia akid j bjtkhf bgwJ vW
mehdh tj bganu YF bgauhf tjJ vW jjhjh c.nt.rhehj
Ia TWt. njhwt bga gu tHfbgW.
j Kj Kj vGj gu ffJ gu. 509 jhirfis
bfhlJ, . xl Tj ffJguia `bjj bjtgu' vW
wJsh.
ffJ guia ghoat brabfhlh. t Kj FnyhJf
nrhHDila mitfs ytuhf fjt. tuJ fhy 11M who
Wahfnth 12- who KgFahfnth Uj ntL. fhy
ytuhd gyglil brhfehj tiu gunfh rabfhlh vd fJ
ghosh.
e ghlgF fhF T TaJ vw gF l bgwjhF. IJ
fjhirf l bgWsd.
ff ehoUJ tj ng fhnjF Ta ngh btikahd
jikf gy gF TwgLwd.
iwa xrh khy gL ff vW tHfglJ. meho J
ngh bjhLf Kj FnyhJf nrhH j giljsg fUzhfu bjhilkh
vghiu mDdh. mtj bt FJ ghLtnj ffJ gu MF.
tiuff jiknru khir ba
tW gjk Fiw th
miuff cl ff buyh
mkzbud iHjhU mnef uhnf! 1*
ntljh FiwahJ K Mf
btiy eh koL ah fif
Mlngh jfgnl funj vnw
mjid LiHjh mnef uhnf! 2*
-
68 69
nridko fsfnlh ifJ nwh
bjYfnu vW y ff jf
Midk idjhs oJ F
loghz vd iHjh mnef uhnf! 3*
tfnk bahUt iHjh iy
vGff njhaf vG itj
Rtfnk cly lf vF
bjhlJo jWjhK mila thnf! 4
flff vJra jg eho
flf takh jdK bfhL
Rlgilth mgado mU ndhL
Nodh tila nfh bjhil khnd! 5
- brabfhlh
mUbrhbghU
1. tiu = kiy; nru = KW; khir = gig; v = clh;
tW = ta jf; Fiw = vs midJ kiu; miu - L;
ff - Mil; ff = ff uf (ff iwa xrh khykh);
cl = fisagl; mkz = rkz,
2. K - K yhd ; iy = ; eh = ( Kid flgL)
fW; L = jJ, funj = kiwnjh; mjid = gifia; mnef = gy
3. ko - wj; fs = nghfs = ff = ff uf; FL mo = mof
J tz; ghz = Mogho thG ir thzf.
4. tf nk = tfis ju; vG ff = VG fis bfhl ff
ehL; m = myhk; mila = KGik.
5. vJ = mJ; rajg = bt; eho = W; flf = kjahid;
takh = Fiu; mga = KjFnyhJf nrhH. mUndhL = mUshY,
tila nfh = fUzhfu bjhilkh; ffngh btF
fhuzkhd jsg.
yfz
khir v - ulh ntWik ; tW = gbjhif; btiy -
gbjhif; nghJ - idbar; fs fnlh - ulh ntWik bjhif;
FL, vJ, eho, bfhL - idbarf. flff - ulh ntWik
cU gaD cl bjhfbjhif; mUndhL - cU kaf; jik - ilFiw;
gjk = bgabur.
-
68 69
g
I. W dh :
1. ghoa TW guFa yfz ahJ?
2. gu FJ c.nt.rh TWtd ahit?
3. brabfhlh FJ F tiuf.
II. bgUdh :
1. mkz vW T iHjh bra ahJ?
2. ghz vW T iHjh bra ahJ?
3. ff eho j iHjd ahit?
III. beLdh :
1. ff uf vthbwyh j iHjd vgJ FJ
bjhilkh bt FJ t?
IV. yfzF vGJf.
tiuff jik khirba gj k
vGff btiy nghJ vJ
fsbfhnlh
V. J z jUf.
K MlnghJ iHjhiy flff
btiy
VI. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
mfgnl funj ifJ iHjh
nghJ mWjh.
-
70 71
() KJFkhuRth is j
flsiunah muriunah wiunah FHijahf ghJ mtj FHij
gUtij gJ gUtfshf gFJ bfhL gUtJF gJ Ma
Ujf mika ghLtJ isj yakhF. isj 96 tif
yafS xW. mJ Mgh isj, bggh isj vd
UtifgL. fh, briu, jh, rgh, Kj, tUif, m, , Wgiw,
Wnj Ma gJ gUtfis mikJ ghLtJ Mgh is j vW
W cs _W gUtfSF gyhf mkhid, uhl, Cr Ma gUtf
mikJghLtJ bggh isj vW TWt.
KJFkhuRth isjiH ghoat FkuFUgu Mth. jhugu
efiuYs UitFl rKffhk fuhaUF tfhk
RjF kfdhf wjh. wjJ Kj IjhL tiu ng Ujh.
d Ubr KUf bgUkh UtUsh ngRwbgwh. mt
fjfbtgh, dhaik isj, kJiu fygf, be sf,
fh fygf Kjyhd gy yafis gilJsh.
ekF ghlkhf tUgJ briu gUt cs ghlyhF. briu
gUt isj ulh gUtkhF. bghU bjahj xia FHij vG
gUtij FgJ J. sFHij f f vW TwnfLjh cfF gUt
J, bth kHiyia fhoY s gUtij cilaJ. ( - brh) bjho
is jiyiaa ifah C clig mirjiy briuahLj vg.
u Rit L fjK a bkj yuhnk
bghU GjG jy bkFu fkhnk
fiuW krd EL fky tthnk
fYfY d yU goJl fUto zhnk
cUt kW bjho YijJ bdhgj nehthnk
xUjh S baGU if xUF gJ
jU bgh UKf kira tir jhLf briu
M ta ehj Ff MLf briu.
- FkuFUgu
mUbrhbghU
yuhnk = twL lhk, fhahk; fKj = Fu njJ kFj; u =
bgUu; fkhnk = f bfhshk; tthnk = tfhk; mrd = fik;
fYj = mGj; fYd = ikia fiuJ tU fyf f; jh = fh;
briu = FHij ngr bjhlFK brw xFf; taehj =
UFntq (itRunfh)
-
70 71
yfzF
bkj, bkFu - gbjhif; EL - gbjhif; fky -
cUtf; dyU, mUbkh - ulh ntWik cU gaD clbjhf
bjhiff; bgh UKf - idbjhif; MLf - anfh idKW.
g
I. W dh :
1. isj yfz vGJf.
2. FkuFUgu g WF tiuf.
II. bgUdh :
1. MLf briu vW FkuFUgu ntLkhW ahd?
III. yfzFbgGJf :
uRit bkFu Ca
GJ xgj MLf
IV. J z jUf.
RitL, mKa, bkj, EL,
briu
V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
, Gj, gJ, MLf
-
72 73
(
-
72 73
Mkiy bafSnfh Vjkiy ank
Mltdh vfisjh mikjkiy ank
baw ehtuK bfhLjkiy ank
aK rhfhk wkiy ank
rhjidah ngwF bfLj kiy ank
jgud vikanf rj kiy ank
ngjfkh ehfsij lj dnk
bgjynf vfSF bgakiy ank. 2*
- jir ntjehaf rha
mUbrhbghU
1. njhuf = Jghlf; Kiyy jiyt = fhL fhL rhj lKkha
iy yJ thG nkgf; enru rhf = naR bgUkh
bgynf khL bjhGt wjnghJ th X obt njhW.
mjobtia fl fjf cyf g njhdh vW cyFF
czd; m fjfis ciujthW; Vf - iwt. mlhJ -
beUflhJ.
2. Mkiy = KjKjyhf sa kiy; Vj kiy = Vnj njhl sF
Vnj kiy; jgu - iwt.
yfzF
mUjt - gbjhif; jhdjk - cik bjhif. ngfzf -
Mwh ntWikbjhif; mikj, bfhLj, w, rj - bgaburf.
g
I. W dh :
1. jir ntjehaf rhah vGa wf ahit?
2. vtif m mik bgjynf Fwt mikJsJ?
3. yaf vjid tifgL? vitnaD IJ vGJf.
II. bgU dh :
1. Fwt - bghJ mikid vGJf.
2. Fw Vj kiyia g ciugd ahit?
3. Vj kiy g mtd ahit?
-
74 75
III. beL dh :1. Rthr Fwt njtnkhF Ta kiytsij t?
IV. yfzF vGJf.
mUjt jhdjk
mikjkiy ngfzf
V. J z jUf.
jbuyh, yjiyt, mUjtf, ehfsij,
-
74 75
9. KjFnyhJf giljsg
m) mUbkhtk M) etk ) fUzhfu bjhilkh
10. Mgh isjGF bggh is jGF bghJthd
gUtf
m) 7 M) 6 ) 8
VIII.bkhw tsg.
Ritf yafis njo gYf. J, Fwt, gS, is j
Kjat Rit Eff.
v.fh.
fhdUF tayUF faUF flyUF
a tUd iu njbt klehuh!
njdkjh Wbjhl brfhl Fonka
thdkU rilahbf tUjbr Wiuahna. (J)
- njthu
thduf f bfhLJ kbahL bfhR
kJ ffSF thff bfR
- Fwhy Fwt
MW bts ehistu njhWnj F -
kiyahs d
-
76 77
6. kWky ghlf
giley Jyik gHbgUik mjid gilgh eh! bjhL
brth jGF JiwnjhW JiwnjhW JobjGnj vgh ghntj.
gHik bgUikia mojskhf JiwnjhW KF a fsfis
ghLbghUshf bfhL vGjitjh kWkyyafshF. tiw
RitJ bghUJ mahjnrhf etfij vdyh. it khl
GbghUfis mtyfis a nehFl ghF; j a fiyfis
irnjhW njJ brjGF nrF.
a mQFKiwf, j a fgidf, goknehF tiwila
iwehghtyfsh j ya a bridbgW vW egyh.
ghtyf ekJ kubgD kQF nt%atf; JikbaD
QF is Lgtf. a vGia ig mthgtf. mtj
gilf y nf ghlgFahf jugLsd.
u fP vW ghntj vW mP bgUkfsh ghuhl bgWgt
ghujhr. ghuah J bfhl mstw g fhuzkhf Rud vw
bgaiu ghujhr vW kh bfhlt.
29-04-1891- Jnr fdfrig - yFakh vgtUF kfdhf
wjt. siknyna buR bkhY j bkhY wj yik bgwt.
j bkhlJ j kflJ Muhj m lt. j eho
uN frnjh vW ghuhl bgWgt, (uN frnjh cUa eho khfP)
`ciu czit tsgJ jnH' vW g j f ahtU fwt
vWiuF iy v lh Jgf F Rf tU be ik
clhL u tU vW jHfhf vGat.
FLgsF, ghoa gR, UlL, jH f, nrujhlt,
uhijah, mH , FL Ma fhafis wth f
bgw vzw ghlfis aat. taa uhijah ehlf rha
mfhbj gR bgwJ.
th brikia brgt na vw t jthJ ghliy
Jit muR jdJ jjh thjhf VWbfhLsJ. jHf muR ghujhr
gfiy fHf W t fiH nghsJ.
F vw ya jiH eltj j Jit F 21-4-1964 mW
aif baaJ.
-
76 77
(m) vehnsh?
vdU jeh of
vnyhU f fW
gdU fiyPh djh
guhu kjh, mgh
cdj kkiy ngh
XL ba
wh vW knwh
ag nfol vehnsh! 1*
ifw uf
fjf thd f
bkw f g
Phd fh af
itJs jH f
ita Jik vd
jf rhiy vF
JFeh vj ehnsh? 2
jhba wiH, vw
jH fij jid
Mu bkh fhz
mth bww
njhW kJ MW
bjhlbjw br tJ
gheh vj ehnsh?
Mij gfth nf. 3
btsngh jH Tl;
ubfh Tl; mdh
cs jhxU tnuk
Wldh gyuh fhgh
fsjh beUbfh zhnj
vdita fyf fL
JSeh veh? cs
brhFeh vj ehnsh? 4
ffS x nghy
fky thr nghy
bgfS Mf jhK
bgUj ehL j
jfl fj mgh
-
78 79
rkhdjh Mdh vw
gtJ fh gha
gUFeh vj ehnsh? 5
- ufP ghujhr
mUbrhbghU
guhuk = u; cdj = ca; kkiy = kakiy; = f; fj
= nghw; rkhdj = xjcik cilat; g = ghl ; JF eh = ajhf
mikF eh; brhF eh = kah kaF eh; ghtif : mW fbeoyo
Ma Uj.
yfz
ag nfol - brabt thghL idbar; mUj -
gbjhif; JFeh, gUFeh, gh eh - idbjhiff; gfth -
idahyiz bga; jfl - gbjhif.
g
I. Wdh : 1. jehlh vjifa ia bgw ntL vd fP fd
fhwh?
2. jf rhiyf Uf ntoa J fshf ghntj ciugd
ahit?
3. fP br tJ gha ntoa br ahJ ?
4. ita fyFkhW jH brajfJ ahJ?
5. MltU kfU rkhdj Mf ntL vw fUid fP vd
Tsh?
II. bgUdh :1. vehnsh vD jiy fP TUgit ahit?
III. yfzF tiuf. gfth, agnfol, gheh
IV. J z jUf. vw, ba, ifw, bgUj,
bkw
V. cWyfz jUf. ag, gfth, fhg, wh.
-
78 79
(M) fL Jik
w kyfbsyh f my
adth tUtbtyh Jik my
-
80 81
mUbrhbghU
-
80 81
() Ljiy isj cik
flW thny jtw fhid
ifJ brjhU iy
fhykh Htid Phynkh flnsh
fLiw itj iy
bkhblW tJbt kyuhF Kiyia
_oit jhU iy
_thj PhW btyh fS
Kiw gl iy!
jo itaf jjnjh cikia
jilbra Kiwik ahnkh?
jhaf, jhaf Jst fJs
jkij kWf yhnkh?
btLf jisid vwnth Funy
jnj moik vz
Ljiy! Ljiy! vDnkh irny
isjnj cik vz!
moikf vbfyh UD mdt
fhdj jUt njheh
Mf btaj fhny tgt
fwbkyh tHF nkheh
oik mrK Gnkh ehsnj
Ljiy sF nkheh
ajF a Jizfl k ~ijna
Wl bgw njheh!
FofS bkhfS dfS gtif
F fl KW
TLw bthdh thGnk ayhJ
bfhLikah tht iy!
moikba bwhUtU vzhj tifny
mtut cik fhJ
ML cwid mikL ehid
mdh bfhL nrngh.
- fauR fzjhr
-
82 83
khw vdJ khl jJt vW ghoa faur fzjhr
WTlgony njha ghL gwit. go bjhof vyh jkJ iuir
ghlfsh fj fP. gHj ya crhuijbayh jkJ
ghlfny vLjhlt. jHf mu murit fPuhf sat.
rhjg-rhyh vghUF kfdhf 24-6-1927- wjt. Kijah
vw bgaiuna fzjhr vW khbfhlt. bjw, bjwiu,
rlkhUj, Kiy, fzjhr Ma jf Mauhf sdh.
IjhuF nkgl iugl ghlfis vG f bgwh. tUila
fijf fzjhr fijf vw bga gy bjhFfshf bt tJsd.
mjKs Jkj vD fLiubjhlfS, naRfha vD
Y t fiH vW iyWJ.
ka khy muRf UJfis, rha mfhbj gid
mzhkiyaur id gid bgwt.
17-10-1981- aif vdh.
mUbrhbghU
jo = Fiw; fhykhHt = fhy. _thj = _gilahj; =
; jis = yF; tgt = thgt; oik = tWik.
yfz
btKiy - gbjhif; _thj PhW - vkiw bgabur, Ljiy
Ljiy - mLF bjhl; tgt - idahyiz bga. FofS bkhfS
dfS - vQik.
g
I. beLdh :
1. `Ljiy isj cik' baw jiy faur fzjhr
ciugdtiw bjhFbjGJf.
-
82 83
(
-
84 85
jis
cyf KGJ gka - tsK eyK thbtW ifo miHwd.
mtiw brbwj Mt JowJ ekF.
njit eik loJ cJwJ. kJ lF itaJ gfis
EfJ kH, milaKoahjtiw jj ta Kaah bgWbfhs
el nguhw cL. Mdh vJjh jisgLJwJ eik? rhah? kjkh?
bkhah? ehlh? vjid jilf? vjid jisf ?
flW bry fbtny Js g Efu jilgLJ jisf
ahit? V w Koaiy ekh? w Tlhjh eh? fLgL gHUF
gHfjh btWehitRH iw bgWnwhkh? vjid dhfis vGwJ?
j fij! fP nguhw J. ghl xgwit vw UJ
vLfgLsJ.
yfz
FSFSbtW - uil s
g
I. bgUdh :
1. jis vD ghl _y fP czj U bria sFf.
II. J z tiuf :
nrhs bfhiy, %W, mfybjho
-
84 85
(c) f
ff
j ugr
td gf f
ik ija
bfhlh ehoa eLtdh!
Ut bfhoaUnf
bghik cns
cUth RHY
cs Kiuf!
Mkh
m itj njid
cbgW J
Cik tLf!
knk Kj Kj
kj eilnghl
ghij brhjj
ghy gf
jh fU fh
uh# trj
Kifah jitf!
bksd gf ntis brhgdf!
gf Uil ghgjF
giljtnd V itj
ghit sFf
FULF bghL itj
nfhy xgidf
fiy ghit fuf
f Ukhf!
ikjhs bfhobahU
irya ruhL
-
86 87
bksd eldf
kdeho Jtf
iunjo kdgwit
vnwh wJ itj
U thf
Kf s U Rlf!
fhwh mizw
ifsF gyL - itnah,
_R
fh mizw
f sF.
- eh. fhkuhr
eh. fhkuhr 1942- kJiu khtl ngho-dhu uhk wjh.
jij ehKJ; jhah yR mkh.
kWky f fPdhf fG fhkuhr mtf ku fijfis
J fijfis vG j bkhF ts nrJsh. uha rjfSl
Jghit fH gok fijf gytiw vGsh. 1971- bttj fW
kyf bjhF , fij cy xU Ugij cUthabjd mPf
ft.
Nafh, rfhuhit jhlhj xlff, jh{kfhY buhoJL
Kjad tj gilfshF. t j jid J; jJt thjJ.
ff
gokfshfnt tot bfhoUF fijf mHif fhf. cUtf
vw tHF J fijfny gok vW tHfgL. mjF gokf a a
mffhfis njhWF. brhYF MjhJ lF Uik
JyfK j gokf thyh njh njh kiw. J fijfSF
c th tHFtd gokfns vdyh. fJt fhfis tF
brhyhfns gokfshF.
mUbrhbghU
ugrtd = cyfkhafhL; ikija = ikfSFns ijJ
lF bgUbrt; Cik tLf = Fuyh fUjfhk bksdjh
bghUSzJ fa wJ tLf nghY ff. Mkh bkhia ngR
f Jf; gf = tfhof.
-
86 87
jhfU ... jitf = jh fUigaha nrhiy Ijh khjkha
trj fhy bkhlh kygit. FULF bghLitj nfhy xgidf =
ghitawt f; f Ukh = fiu njhWgit; kdeho
Jtf = kd fUij mf tjit ff; fhwh miz
ifsF. J _Rfh miz sF -Kubjhil.
yfzF
gff - VHh ntWik bjhif; Utbfho, kdgwit - cUtff
g
I. bgUdh :
1. ffis vthbwyh fhkuhr fgid brJsh vgij s
fhLf.
-
88 89
(C) j tf
iww bghf shny
Uw iu vyh
iwJnk bfhL tnjh
izyh gRik vD
u brJ btnwh
F Uj j
twljh Fo Tl
thjh gUFnwh!
t gzij nghL
tsgij nghW j
tf ekF ntL
thkiH zh fhk
jL tz L
jiuid mikj ntL
bghL Fsf V
F mikJ fhngh
- e. fUzh
fP e. fUzh 28-03-1939- fl khtl jgu wjt.
bgnwh u.enlr, tfhakh Mth.
mzhkiy gfiyfHf yt gl nj Kj tF nj
bgwt. Ujt muR nkiyg KJfiy jHhauhf gah
X bgWsh.
bjhfha KGikF ciubaGsh. brid thbdh
iyajhuh xguggL bkirghlf gytiw t vGsh.
ekFns kyuL ezf vD tuJ fij UJ ghl
vLfbgWsJ. j tf vD brhyh ghuhljfJ.
yfz F
izyh gRik -
-
88 89
g
I. bgUdh
j tf vw jiy e. fUzh ciugd ahit?
II. yfzF tiuf.
izyhgRik, thkiH
III. cWyfz jUf.
gUFnwh, mikj, fhngh, btnw
IV. bkhw tsg :
csij csgo btisah ghlyh - go
mz vgt jF _jt
iz vgJ bjUD ajJ
j vgJ jhf jgJ
m bagt mz kidna
ghfhtJ fKf gH; gUghtJ Jtiu
nkfhtJ H W ghjhyJ bj.
-
90 91
7. tghL ghlf
j yaij gntW rka rhj ytf tsgLsd. gyrka
gghL bfhL a bgUehL nknyh sFwJ. j d
jytf jj rka flis th tz ghosd. irt,
itzt, jt, bgsj Ma rkaf rhj ghlf gF l
bgWsd.
(m) tbgUkh
ehkhF Foanyh ekid anrh
euf lgnlh eliy nyh
Vkhngh anah gnth knyh
gnk baehS Jg iy
jhkhF Foayh jik ahd
rfue rfbt FiHnah fh
nfhkhnf ehbkW sh Msh
bfhkynr toizna FW ndhnk.
- Uehfur
(M) Ukh
MkiH fzh! xW iffunt
M F KfJ bfhlhJ V
C Kjt cUt ngh bkfWJ
gha njhSil ggehg if
Mngh , tyngh wJ
jhHhnj rhf cijj rukiH ngh
thH cy bglh, ehfS
khf uhl knjnyh vghth!
- Mlh
() naR uh
_thj Kjytid KJRU bkhbghUis
Xthj bgUFzj jkid yfidJ
rhthj gofhf JEbtLJ JrfL
njth njtidah Yitir fnlnd.
- v. V. UZzis
-
90 91
(
-
92 93
Ughit mUa Mlh vlh who W gF thjt.
gU MthfS xUtuh bgahth ts kf. ehah Ubkh,
Ughit vw U bjtgDtfS Mlh mU brjitahF.
mUbrhbghU
MkiH fzh - kiHbjtnk! kiHF mg (g#a vW
TWt.) M = fl; C Kjt = fzuh; M = rfu; rhf = ;
ghanjh - tikila njh (gh = tik)
yfz
funt - vkiw Vt idKW; cijj - bgabur; thH - brabt
thghL idbar; bglh - Vt idKW.
() naRuh
naRuhid thJ ghliy ghoat v.V. UZzis Mth.
Ubent khtl fiuU vD C 1827 M ML wjh. tj
bgnwh rfu ehuhaz is bjt ehaaik Mt. bA MuL
vw bgaf RUfnk v.V MF. j Mauhf gaha tuJ
gilf ngh Utft, ura ahf, ura kndhfu Mait.
t vGadthf brhybgW ura Fw, ura ghy nghjid
vgd bghGJ ily. ekF ghlkhf tJs ura kndhfughl
f Uj mikYsJ. ura kndhfu f kdij fiua br
g ghlf bjhFghF. ura ahfK ura kndhfuK
KY ntW ntwhd f my. ura kndhfu bgUgF ura
ahfUJ vLJbjhFf bgwJ MF. tiu Jt fg vd
ft.
mUbrhbghU
jEbtLJ JrfL = ifoahf W KKabaLw
(JrfLj - lhoahf xU braiy KW elfhLjYF tHfgL
tlhu tHF)
yfz
bgUFz - g bjhif; fL - br vD thghL bgabur.
(
-
92 93
mUbrhbghU
Uj = jUj, kJ bgUjJl Uj; Uid =
eid, id; guJ = ah bjhGJ; xUkd = khWghL yhJ xU iygl
kd; XF = fl; flJ = btW; bjhGjf = tzFjFa; ehtif bghU
= mw, bghU, g L, ngh = murku; Kgif = fhk, btF, kaf Ma
_W giff; Kt = Jw; F jbgUkhid FwJ.
yfz
guJ - jik gik idKW; H ngh - ulh ntWik cU
gaD clbjhf bjhif; xUkd, Uid, Kgif, ehtif - ms g
bjhiff; fh g -
-
94 95
IV. J z jUf.
Jgiy cyfidJ anah btFiH
KJRU nrto bkhbghUis
V. gFgj cWyfz jUf.
mnrh fhf FWndh v
F flJ cijj fh
VI. bghUJf
1. Kj _W njthu UKiwf Mlh
2. 4,5,6 M UKiwf Rju
3. VHh UKiw UPhdrgj
4. Ughit Uehfur
khfthrf
VII. bghUJf.
1. Jt fg mg
2. kU ah Mlh
3. bgahth ts kf ju
4. unrha ghoat UZz is
UPhdrgj
VIII.bkhw tsg.
brhisaho gHFf.
1. bfhah gHJF bfhL; fhYL;
TW vUJnfh uL iy
2. njfh kuny khfh gf bthU
idk bfhif nehF
3. xUfh vGjl Ufh KogjF Kfhiy
bfhL eh ehfhYF VFif IJjiy
ehf bkhW mrhk fojjlh. (neh)
mjF gJuju u rJU
g fh thnj. (kUJ)
-
94 95
1. bfhah gH - bfh - xiw bfh, JizbaGJ
(bfhL, fhYL)
vUJ - uL iy
2. nj + fh + ku = njjJw nrhiyF UF ku;
bfhF - khku, nrhiy sF khku fh gf id k
kuijna ghJ wJ.
3. xUfh - Na; Ufh - fhiyfl; Kfh - ifoF nfh;
ehfh - jRy; IJ jiyehf - beUK; fojJ - FaJ.
gJuj - jruj; u - uhk; u - Rt; rJU - th
g - jhiu; fh thFj - jhiu vg cs JizbaGij Fj
(jiu)
Ko: beUK Fajh? jiuny nj.
---------------
-
96 97
ciueil gF
1. fna mah brt
- kiwkiyaof
btsjh mahJ bt jHyh
ntfhJ ntj uhY
bfhsjh KoahJ bfhLjhY
iwt Fiw whJ
fsnfh gaiy fhtYnfh
fvJ f baD
csnj bghUUf wghf
bghUnjo H whnu.
y eh njh y ehUJ yeh kiwJ nghtjha
kfSl wjtfshf eh vjtifahd brtij bgWjF Kay
ntLbkwh, vW mahjjh, cl mjhY jh mahk ekJ cbuhL
nrJ eik vyh wfY bjhlJ tUtjh cs myh bgU
brtijna miljF fQ fUJkh Uf ntL. V? mahj
brtijna bgw ntLbkD Ug e xbthUtlJ aifahfnt
fhzgLjyhY, mUg yhjtfis vlJ vfhyJ fhl
TlhikahDbkf. xU f, uL fJ nghF ikJfis
thf Unwhkh? guL gidJ f ahk mGjkhUF
ehL litfis thf Unwhkh? iy J Fah UjhY
mGjkh oUF Milfisaynth thf Mtbfhnwh! J
ifjtdhY GJ behW nghF kghlfis Hf Unwhkh?
nH jt GjhY cilahk tYth cs br fyf jis fyfis
ifahs Unwhkh? iy VUjhY l eh gagL brfyf
jis fyfis aynth bghU bfhLJ thf iHnwh. dnk eh
ehnlhW ifahL tU bghUfY Tl iu mJ nghfhk leh
iyUF bghUfisna eh mila Ujyh, e xbthUtUF
mah brtijna bgwntLbkD mth aifahfnt nt% wJ.
d mah brtijna mila ntLbkD mth ebkyhlJ
aifahf UjhY, KJ cs K x, gh _oa gts
wK, kh kiwj k JyfK, Til fj s x ngh eik
_obfhoUF mahik vD U mfgltfsh e mit HJ,
mJ nghF bghUfisna iyahf iHgl idJ, mtiw bgWtY
mtiw EftYnk ekJ fhyij fJ tUnwh ghUf! ektf
bgUghyh khlkhiffis Mil mfyfis jLKLfis
glfis ehlffhfis ntoif isahLfisnk
nkyhd brtfshf fU mtiw bgWtY mtiw EftY
-
96 97
lhKailatfsh Uf fhnwhnkayhk, J neukhD
mlf xLfnjhoUJ eik gilj tbgUkhid idf, eiknghynt
mthltdh gilfgl cf eikia fUj, mit gahY
nehahY tUJtij fL kdfJ u jkh aw ms mtF
xU ifo czthtJ xUfhR kUjhtJ cj mt Jgij nghf
bjtyik UtStehadh, xsit uhoah, fhiufh mikah,
nrHh bgUkh Kjyhd caj milnahuh mUbragLs mUbgU
fis X czu Ka thjtfsh cs Mbg ghyhiu fhgJ
mD mjh nghlnj!
M! eh iyahf idj khlkhiff Mil mfyf jLKLf
Kjyhditf vyh eh idjtz iyahf Ugitjhkh? iy.
iy. y MLfSFK IjuhghfY thaghoY nej
bgabjhU bts bgUdh vjid Lf vjid khiff yklkhf
JilfgL Uj lK bjahk mJnghd! mnghJ mnf bgU
brtfshUjt fbsyhU jkh mUtUJ xJfgl ViH Fokfis
fhoY jiyia miljtfsh, cz nrhW cLf J
jjj bjyh eh nfL ber beFU tUd mynkh? MuJ
bjhshuJ vlh Mo nkF ir cs wj efukha bkdh
godkhdJ y mdh mJ UF beUF iuahdJ, mnghJ
mgodUj IjLF MwLF khiffS, mt Uj mabga
glfS, mt Uj whufzfhd khjfS, mstw brtfS
beU btJ mnghd tuyhWfis bayh idFnghJ, eh
iyahf idUF brtfS brtfbsW fhzgLkh? mtiw
kF ekJm mbtW brhygLkh?
y ehf K nknfs Inuhgh fl eilbgw btisfhu
rildh isj mid, Inah! v xU ehdh vd brhnt! vnf
ghjhY brf brntbyw br fs, zfhL, u bto TFu
xkh Ujdnt! mnjafYs gJ gidJ khlkhiffSF
njtnfhlfSF ekJ bridgod KGJ
-
98 99
d btsjh mJnghtJ btbeUgh btJnghtJ
murfsh ifgwgLtJ bfhLf bfhLf FiwJ nghtJ ftfhf
eik mRgJ ghJfhgjF Fj tUjij jUtJkhd brt ekh
vneuK UgjfjbwgJ jdh J sFwjnwh? thW
brhYjiy bfhL eh brtij ntlhk tWikgL j kQy
tUna fhyff ntL bkW f idj TlhJ. ekJ kQyf
thif J elgjF, w cf Jgij nghF
-
98 99
yFfSF cL; Mdh, kf yFfD cajtf vW brhtJ
V vwh, eyJ J aJ J vW gFJzjyhD jiknghw cF
u jkhyhd cj brajyhD, flis bjhGjyhD, dbkyh
jkJ mit tsu brjFa gyfis fwyhDnk kf yFfD
cajtuhf vzgLwd. aj m braf iyahdh
yFfnsaht vW fyhjtfSF Egkhd m y neuf
fhzglhY mjid mthf bgnahf bfhskhlh fbsW
filatfns fQilatf Mthf myhk kwtf Kf uL
Qilatfns MthfbsW sFjfnwh UtStehadh,
ybfhL kf mida yF
fwhnuh nlid at
vd
fQila bugt fnwh KfuL
Qila fyh jt
vd Uth kyjUdh.
d mthf Mnwh, kfsh wj vyhF f
aikahJ ntlghynjahbkW TUf, m~J MkfSFjh
ntLnk ayhk bg kfSF ntLtiy baW ciungh cik
mjhuhtnuh brhYf! mUik jhkhfns, bgghyh kfD jhj
yFfsh Ujhynwh mtfF f ntlh vdyh? yf
thifia ewhf elJ Kiw Mkfis fhoYFj bghWik
Mj Ez ntoa mtfF fbaD lh ksif juhk
mtfis mahik vD ngU nghf brhYgtf cik mjhuhtnuh
brhf!
KfhyUj xsitah, j ghoa bgUnjah,
fhiufhyikah, kifafuah Kjyhd bgkfbsyhU f f
wjtfsh Ujik bjjt giHa eh bgkf vtU f ffiy
baW TWtnuh brhf!
bgUj lf iwEj yhbfyh
bghUJ brtK f jyh
tU tjt jY itfY
UJ k istd ahitna
vW f wj fg TUjyh Kfhy Uj bgkf vyhU
f tytfsh UjhfbsgJ J sfiyah?
, dbkyh MH idJ ghFfh M kfSF f
aikahjjh Uj nghynt, mtngh kf wduhd bg kfF
fahdJ aikahj m brtkhFbkgJ eF bgwgLwJ.
-
100 101
, mah brtkha fia bgW bfhtjF eh f
KaW tUtnjhL, caj fis fW tUnghnj mf brhygl
ebyhGffY eh gH tUj ntL. fwth flJ mlf
mlfhjh bghrhJ jik fJiug vwgo eh J bgUik
ghuhlhkY brUF milahkY, gj brhY gj braY cilakh,
vyh cflJ m ufKfho, ebyhGf tGthJ vyh
ty KGKj flshd tbgUkhid kdbkh bkfsh idJ th
tz cyfthifia J elh ehK gabgW w cfis
ga bgw brJ tUjny eh bgw mah brtkha fia gagLJ
KiwahF.
g
I. bgUdh
1. myhj brtij bgw ntL vgnj kj aif vgjid
kiwkiy aofsh ahd Jiuwh?
2. eh iyahditbaW kF brtf majfitna vgjid
kiwkiyaofsh vd fhosh ?
3. fna mah brt vgjid kiwkiy mofsh vd
vLJiuwh?
4. kf yFfD cailatf vgjid vthW fhosh?
5. bgghyF f aikahjnj vD fUid kiwkiy
mofsh sFtJ ahd?
6. mah brtkha fia gagLJ Kiwahf kiwkiyaofsh
ciugd ahit?
7. Inuhgh fl elj rildh isj m FJ
kiwkiyaof TWtd ahit?
II. beLdh
1. btsjh mahJ vw ghl tna f wig
kiwkiyaofsh ahd Wwh?
2. bg fia tW mofsh ciugdtiw fLiuahf
bjhFbjGJf.
-
100 101
III. bkhw tsg
1. bgfia tWa rhnwh gy. jbjw U..f. ghuah
ghujhr nghnwh ghlfis fLiufis nknfhshf fho
ya kw mik ng gHFf.
2. ekJ wf f mUik czuhJ gy thth. rhJs
ehLeygl, isP brYit rf, rhuz rhua af,
Kja mikf ngu, bjhl KHf nghw braghLf
Kidf. Kfh mikfgL bghGJ, gtaJ FHijfis g
nrgJ ilw yhJ g fia iw brtJ nehfkhf
guiu fJf.
3. cf C u neug (m) yhg Tl mikfgoU
khzhffis nrg ckJ gfid jUf. gWeuhf,
CFeuhf f g brf.
4. yfF brW cWduhFf. gyJiwfY mnjl
-
102 103
2. uRit
- e.K. ntflrh ehlh
Rit vD j brhY, u[ vD tl brhY xnu bghU cilad.
ehdh EfugL Rit MW tifgL vg. brah EfugLtd Fz,
myfhufsha brhRitfS, xgJ tifahd bghURitfS M. ehth
RitJ clit mbghGnj mWL. brah RitJ clit csnj
vbghGJ iybgW g gaF.
bghU Rit xgjhtd: eif, mty, a, mr, u, btF,
ctif, rkiy vgd. Rit zf nkFj br thyhf m f
thyhf fHhF.
j xUt cl KGJ rhg j Jfis Rfis
bjhLJ il cL my, vUf nfhJ kh mJ,
mGjY, bjhGjY, GjY vGjY Kjad brJ tUjiy fhQlJ,
mt xnwhblhW iaahj brhf gytiw ngRjiy nfFlJ eif
fwJ. ehlftu xUt jdhf eoFfh mtdJ brhfis
nflyhY eif vD Rit fG. kW mt afis mikJ eir
yt xUt ghoa ghoid nflyhY mRit fG. Vid RitfS thnw
ahD brahD EfugLtdthF, U bghfshY gKw czU
Egzilahf VidnahF Ritf czjfad vW Ma
bjhfhadh Tsh.
nkFj xgJ Rit rkiyahtJ rhj. mjhtJ Ibgh
mlfbgW w itD thD thshnghD jh tzD
kdahJ mtiw rkkhf bfhL F iyik. mJ cya dh
bgahf Vida vLnk fhaf gW tUtdthF.
Rit vgJ bkghL vW TwgL. bkghlhtJ cyfjh cs
f ML fjthnw wjhF ygLtnjhuhwh btgLj vg
nguha. wJ btgLtJ mfJznt Mf RitF bkghL vD
bga bghUanj. VwFiwa ehyhu MLf Kgl bjhfhany
bkghL brSWfS xwhf FfgLtnjhL, jahf X a
Jiuf bgW csJ. tlbkhthzf fhy jid D
J ciufyhd.
bjhfha xbthU Rit njhWtjF _ykhd bghUf eehF
TWwd. mt u vgjid bgUj vD brhyh Fwd.
ahtbuhL xg yhJ nkgL w bgUj vD brhyh u
FfgLwJ. f, jWf, ir, bfhil vw ehFg bgUj wF
vd mt Tsh. vdnt, ngh bra fhL Mikia kLnk mt u
vd bfhoy vgJ bgwgL. ehDS gil uK, bfhil uK
giHa yaf gy lJ xUF TwgLsd.
-
102 103
ey vw nrhH kd giftUl ngh bjhlFK TWw
td
bky tbj eyo bghU
-
104 105
vwh. giftiu btFL neha f mt ntbfhL vlJ
ikJLkhD uF mJnt njhahFkh!
jid jhftUw fJ if ntiy vJ mj ciu ngh
nkY jJ tU fid vjF nt eho ubdhUt j khny
ijJ lj ntid fL mjid gJbfhL kGwhdh! vnd
jHUila Mik!
j kwt ngh w fhLtJ vgJ vfhyJ iy. bt
gwjiy vD nghfs nrhH ffhyndhL ngh j bgUnruyhj
vD nru kd j khny ijJ cUd Q wzhF vd eh
thnshL tlUJ c jh vwh, mtDila uij khdij
vthW mslyhF?
KJFo wj kfU fuw u thifduht. euf nkbyGJ
njh iuj Ka xU j kf nghny wbfhLjd vW y Tw
nflh. mtSF clha dF msiy. v kf ngh wfhoaJ
cikah mt ghYl v mfij ijLnt vW nghfs
miljh; jh if bfhl thdh m fsnj lj zfis uo
ghJ tjh ; j kf, gift ntdh UTwhf ijJ ljiy
flh M! mtid bgw ehD ngUtif bfhlh!
kbwhU u kf Kjdh nghY mjF Kdh nghY j fztid,
jkakhiu Hjt, mW ngh Ku KHf nfL j FoF xUt
ngh brantLbkd U j xnu kfid miHJ FL vbz
btshil cL ntid if bfhLJ brUKf neh brf vd
Ljh!
weh}Ys uL brf d Twhwd. j kf
izaw uzF jD ntbwd rhW ntL?
jH jifa kww cilauhD mwJiw tG ngh brgtuy.
U bgU ntj ngh brtJ fUdh xUt xUt ehL thG FUfkhuha
mjzU bgoU HnjhU kz J kf bgwhnjhU vD
tfF MdfF VjKlhfhthW, ahngh bjhlFJ; Mf
EkF ghJfhtyha lij miluhf vW bjF aduht. kW
bghUfsY Kjf mownlhU, gilHnjhU Kjyhdhiu mt
bghUJ bfhthuy. vdnt, kD fhF mil ntjF kwJiwD
mwnk fG vf.
giftnk br tfikia nguhik vW brht; mtF
xU jh tjjh mJ J bfhSj bghUL fnzhlKl cj
brjiy mthikF Tik vW brht vD bghUsikJ tSt
Ta
-
104 105
nguhik bag jWf xWwfh
Cuhik kwj v~F
- vD br
-
106 107
W btgl euf bgUkh mz Tlijbayh
ikgs bfhW FJ W Mj iyfl ufyhj, D c
cs xW cziy nghY; M ntij tzFah c bwh
bghWg vW Twh g, ua mtid neh,
nfJ fhz sjnfh s nf
njhbshL jhS id JJ bd
thid bjhGt jyh tzFj kf Cl
ehD csnjh vdh mlf eLf efh
fg thah btgl ubkhf jHUila Mik is
vg Iaiy.
jifa brfis gW uRitia EfJ bgUj bkJj j
kf fldh.
g
I. bgUdh :
1. bghURit xgJ ahit? mtW eif njhW NHiy Ma vd
fhosh?
2. Rit vgjF sf ahJ?
3. u vD Rit FJ Ma Tsd ahit?
4. ey giluij bfhil uij vGJf.
5. gh gil uK bfhil uK FJ sFf.
6. KJFo wj kfUF uz FUjJ vgjid
rhWfSl Wf.
7. gHjH gilkh FJ Ma vGUgd ahit?
8. gil jH ngh beahJ? mjid fg j fha vd
fhosh?
II. beLdh :
1. Rit vD jiy xgh Rit g bkghL g xU
fLiu tiuf.
2. KJFowj kf ugig UFw fhL jH
gilkhia ngh befis s fLiuahf jUf.
-
106 107
III. bkw tsg :
1. uRitjJ ciuahlfis ng/eoJ kLf. EkJ
ciueil ghl f tU nghfsfh / ujh / tiw
ehlfkhf totikJ eoJfhLf. ughoa fl bghk, njFuhr
ehlff EkF gHfkhd uiufis ng fhLf.
2. fhQ fij jiyf fij vG egfnshL brh
gHFf.
1. fhgff - kHiyF KJikF.
2. bjho FHij - bg kf.
3. bjhyh - nkir JilF is.
3. njitaw lf td bkfis vGJf.
1. xsitna RlgH ntLkh ? RlhjgH ntLkh? vW nflh
KUf bgUkh.
2. CWfh itjh giHanrhW cns nghfhjh?
3. gofhj bgdh ik! vd ga isgh mj Mik.
4. u gf ghuhJ goJ nj bgwiyna.
5. brid brW Ug vts brythF?
(idbjhif, cikbjhif bgabur t t fhJ)
4. My brhfis j brhfis gagL vGJf.
1. T lJ Or iy nghf brhdhf
2. Kj mbl gh vwh r[jh.
3. j bghnf bfhLJ gth.
4. lhl mitgo fhu nrf TlhJ.
5. bu thl Ahbt g vyhF brhnth.
5. njitaw lfYs td bkfis vGJf
1. fzh fzh nf tJgh vW miHjh br.
2. goFgo brhdh fL bfhshk Ugjh?
3. KobfG ntj _tUF caJ. nugho aUSf vW nto
bfhlh rhjdh.
4. mGj fQ j FHY G goj clYkhf fz
nflh.
-
108 109
5. uhkdJ nrit mkJ wf xUglhj jdJ Fiwia
idJ Rt tUdh.
6. gygybtW bghGJ ojJ.
(ulh ntWik bjhif t fhJ, ntWik, Mwh ntWik,
idbarf y, uils, bgabur bjhlf Mat tfh)
6. wbkh brhfis j brhfisL vGJf.
1. ehis unjh[t Mjyh [fy fhahyafSF LKiw
mfgLwJ.
2. ehis Unthz eu Toa Rgd thA Rg KTj.
3. jhf gJ ufSl tUJ tJ-tufis Mtf
ntLnwh.
4. jh v maj ndj vW T rnjhjh.
-
108 109
3. fhsntlD fifntlD
- uh.. nrJis
jehL fhs kiyny njhdh xU ntl. tlehL fif
fiuny wjh kbwhU ntl. mUtuhY ntl FybgUikwJ. fhs
ntlid fzg vW, fif ntlid Ff vW ya cyf nghW.
UtU caa m beia filoJ mah f bgwd.
fhsehjgh itj mdh j fiz bgabjLj
fzg bgUik jehblF guwJ. viyaw mF mntl
bgUkhnd vLJfhlhdh.
fzg xgnjh mik fl
vdg vbdh vid M bfhlU
tz gbjid thbtw thfUiz
Rz bghwnf brjh nfhJ.
vW til neh ghL ghik fzgdJ viyaw m wid
khfthrf eF ssh. UthrfY njthu UghRufY
fzg bgUik ngrgLjyh irt rkaij iy Wa ehtUF mt
Kat vgJ eF sFwJ. fhs ehjid tza UPhdrgj
Fl ga fhgh ngh ntl bgUkhdha fzgid if bjhGjhbuW
nrHh mHfhf vG nghjh.
fF ehafuha fg uhk fhijia tlbkh fhaW
vLJbfhlhnuD mjid j ehlhUF Vw Kiw J abjhU
Ujhf mJsh. uhkl m l fif ntlid cUthF bghGJ,
fg cs fhs ntl tot fJ yfW. fhs ntlid fUthf
bfhL fif ntldha Ffid mt thJ toJshbuW njhWwJ.
jF ublhU rhWf fhLnt.
nfhry ehL sturdha uhk, jh brhiy jiybfhL jdFa
ehL JwJ fif fiuia tjiljh vW mj Ff, mFiy fhz
wglh. thf Kt vGa tlbkh fha Ff uhkid
fhz wgL nfhy, X mur knwh murid fhz vGw jik
mikUwJ. Mdh fg, Mltid fhz brY moatdhf Ff
nfhyij U mikJsh.
njth fH nrf tjbd
ehth ntLt ehaona
vW Ffnd TWjyh ik sF.
fhs ntl jda iwna j jiytdha iwtDF
ajhF vW mjid vLJ Coathnw Ff jda fifahW id
bfh njidnk vLJ bfhL brwh. muil uhk UK
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110 111
itJ, Iand! njD D U bfhznj. njt UtKJ brjUs
ntL vW iw wh. mbra fG nghJ uhkDl Uj khjt
y ciuahobfhoUjd. mtf FfdJ kdghikia mahjtuh,
jfhj bghUfis ntl vLJ tJ mgrhu brJ lh vbw btJ
nehd. mtf kd fj fUid mj uhk,
majh ctg csJ mdh mikj fhj
bjju bfhzj vwh mKD j tnw
vW Uj khjtiu bjUo aUdh. jF neuhd bra fzg
ru cL. fzgDF a fhsehjid tnfhrah vD
nta Kiwgo rid brJ tjh; fzg iwia bfhL
Unfh lij fL brtbjhwahJ ftiybfhoUjh. mij
czj iwt mt fdny njh,
mtDila tobtyh egf mbgW
mtDila mbtyh eika mbtW
mtDila brabyyh eka thbkW
mtDila iythw ba wUbrth
JnrHh bgUkh UthF.
fhsehjgh m l fzgid nghynt FfD uhkid
Ufyhwhj kdghik bgwh. m khiy tjiljbghGJ uhk
Ffid neh, mgh! u c CUF brW ehis fhiy fif
ahiw flgjF glFf bfhL tUf vW brha bghGJ FfDila kd
mdilgl bkGF ngh cUFtjhW. v Ia, v Mlt, vid ngh
vwhnd! mtid L eh vthWnghnt? mtDlUjny vdF ngg.
mtid Ujh bgUJg vW v uhkid neh, Iand! eh
nghfyhnw;
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110 111
v bgUkhnd! mnah khef mahrd kd kddh kKo
jJ brnfhny murhS nfhy fhz ntoa cid ril Ko
ku jJ fhdf mkUf fnlnd! v f brj ght
flD bgjnwh? j nfhy cid fl v ffis gbjahj
ghna eh. MD, Iand! cid L nghf vdh ayhJ; vdhaw
WbjhL brJ bfhL
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112 113
thsh kftJ Clt nydny khJ brhd
Nsh sik Jwft ny mny bjhL brJ
ehsh flJ mgt nydny eh brW
Msht bjgo nahU fhs mgUnf
vW mf FiHjh. Inah! bgw isia thshyJ iwtDF dKl
tnydh? Uyfl ngh kidah, itj Miz flthJ siknyna
Ibghfis btW, g Jwf tnydh? MW eh gHa ghik
Muhj m thJ fiz gJ, iwt ff mg tnydh? jifa
bghfdha ahD, bkaoahngh eoJ, lfnj Fl iHnw vW
cs Jwtikj caa mof cUFthuhd. flnjhF fljyjha kf
ghr j xU bjhl, bga W bjhluh ngW bgwh. kidah J itj
ghr Jwj kbwhU bjhl iwtdJ mFauhdh. f wj
cWiy vwJ,
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112 113
vW kd tU bkhjh. mnjh! fho thG fG ntjD, eho
thG e ntlD, fhoa mig eh fhl ayhjt dhnd. yif khef
iwUj nrhfjhsha eifia nf bfhL tu taW btWikahf fL
tnjnd! eyhF l isF mufid vJ, mt ufis bfhJ
bfhzuhJ btW ifadh tnjnd vW thdu kd tUdh.
fhony fG ntj Ma flikia ehony fif ntl Ma
eikia mnthkh, thdu udJ brhbghU J sF.
fhdf jash Uj ijaiy yif ntj tridah ftJ kndh
ntfkh