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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Status of the NOvA Experiment
Robert PlunkettFermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Batavia, IL, USA
TAUP 2007Topics on Underground and Astroparticle Physics
14 September 2007
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007The NOvA Collaboration
25 Institutions, 129 Physicists and EngineersArgonne, Athens, Caltech, College de France, Fermilab, Harvard, Indiana, ITEP-
Moscow, Michigan State, Minnesota, Minnesota-Duluth, Munich, Northern Illinois, Ohio State, Rio de Janeiro, South Carolina, Southern Methodist University,
Stanford, Stonybrook, Texas, Texas A&M, Tufts, UCLA, Virginia, William and Mary
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Located 30 km south of CanadaImproved road access planned
810 km baseline14.6 mrad off-axis
Ash River Site for NOvA
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007NuMI Tunnels and Facility
p beam
Pion beam
250 m
NuMI Components in Main Injector
NuMI Pretarget Area
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007 Existing NuMI Neutrino Beam
207m
•120 GeV protons strike the graphite target
• Nominal Intensity 2.4x1013 ppp with ~2 sec cycle time.
• Initial intensity ~2.5 x 1020 protons/year
• Ultimate intensity ~ 3.4 x 1020 protons/year (2008-9)
Horn and Stripline
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Upgrades to NuMI for NOvA
Reconfigure horns for higher energy optimum.
Increase beam power by use of Recycler (1.3 s cycling).
New target system for higher intensity
NOvA beam choice
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Expected evolution of proton intensity
Achieved!
Expected after current shutdown
Requires use of recycler storage ring after Tevatron shutdown
Possible upgrade
path
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Graphical Representation of Off-Axis Beam
Length of this vector very insensitve to pion
0
lab
TL
PP
At ~ /2 PT 0 as vary *
Flux peaks in desired region
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Off-axis provides improved background levels
Fig. 2.8: Simulated energy distributions for the e oscillation signal, intrinsic beam e events, neutral-current events and charged-current events with and without oscillations. The simulation used m2
32 = 2.5 x 10-3 eV2, sin2(2 23) = 1.0, and sin2(2 13) = 0.04. An off-axis distance of 12 km at 810 km was assumed.
NC at low energy because no high energy tail
Beam e are spread out over a wide
range - remove by windowing
Backgrounds show a different energy
spectrum and can be removed during
analysis
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
•Far - 18 kT reference design, 12 x 12 modules, 1178 layers
•Near - 218 T, 2 x 3 modules, 199 layers, muon ranger at end
•Integration-prototype Near - 88 T, 2 x 3 modules, 124 layers, start in 2008
Three NOvA Detectors
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
NOvA Building a considerable structure
19 m
107 m
Pulsed beam allows surface construction.Overburden of 1.2m concrete, and 30 cm Barite reduces C.R. backgrounds (especially to low levels
Block assembly area
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Construction in Subsections for Structural Stability
31-planeblock
1-cm expan-sion gap
31-planeblock
Block pivoter raises 127 Ton blocks
Each block has ~6000 channelsFilling proceeds as blocks constructedDetailed mechanical analysis for stability against bulge, creep.
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Extruded PVC tubes filled with liquid scintillator
To 1 APD pixel
typicalchargedparticle
path
L
To 1 APD pixel
typicalchargedparticle
path
L
6 cm
4 cm
60 cm
6 cm
4 cm
60 cm
6 cm
4 cm
60 cm
6 cm
4 cm
60 cm
~ 16 m
Prototype with full-length fiberReadout cosmic muons
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Constructed from modular extrusions
Liquid scintillator (14.8M liters, 12.6 ktons)
Contained in 3.9 x 6.6 cell cells of length 15.7 m
18 m attenuation length5.5% pseudocumene
Extruded PVC (5.4 ktons)
15% anatase TiO2 for high reflectivity
Wavelength shifting fiber (18k km)
0.7 mm diameter Looped, both ends to same readout
pixel
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Extrusion Structure and Initial Production
16 Cell extrusions – ready for further assembly
15.8 m in length is long.
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007NOvA HPD Detector Electronics
QE ~85%, gain ~100QE well-matched to fiber spectrum
Cooled by thermoelectric cooler to -15 CUntriggered continuous digitization
APD on prototype carrier board
Emission Spectra and Q.E. Water cooling for TEC’s
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
MINOS underground area allows a Near Detector
target volume
veto
shower containment
muon ranger
218 tons total / 20 tons fiducial
At low 13, reducing uncertainty on background at far detector can increase sensitivity by even more than additional exposure
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Electron Identification for NOvA
>20 variables in Neural Net
Examples shown – other variables study charge-range distributions
Overall efficiency ~30% (optimizable)
Neural Net Output
signal
signal
signal
bkg.
NC
NC
CC
CC
CC
beam e
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Event Reconstruction – tuning for maximum sensitivity
• All backgrounds• NC background• νμ CC background
‣“Primary cuts” = reconstruction,
containment, and number of hits‣ANN is 39.3%
Efficient for events passing primary cuts.
Note that here, sin2213 = 0.1, w/o matter effects
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Muon Neutrino CC Display
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Electron Neutrino CC Event
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Excellent Sensitivity to e Appearance
3 sensitivity for non-zero 13
NOvA gives order of magnitude improvement (compared to CHOOZ 90%) for most values of CP-.
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
NovA studies the neutrino mass hierarchy using matter effects
App
eara
nce
Pro
bs.
Typical values for L=810 km, sin2213 = 0.05
anti-
Normal hierarchy
In these regions, and anti- rates are difficult to distinguish.
Inverted hierarchy
anti-
CP phase (0-2)
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Sensitivity to Mass Hierarchy
95% C.L.Normal
Inverted
Intercept with T2K curve resolves ambiguityTogether, may also have implications for CP-violation
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Sensitivity to CP violation using 1.2 MW
NOvA gives clues as to future direction of neutrino program. Will ultra-precise neutrino sources be needed?
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
Precision Measurement of m2
23,sin2223
6 years at 700 kW 6 years at 1.2 MW
For comparison, current situation (note scale)
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
95% C.L. Resolution of θ23 Ambiguity
If sin2(2θ23)≠1 then:
θ23>π/4 => e couples more to νμ
θ23<π/4 => e couples more to ντ
NOvA combined with a precise reactor experiment (eg. Daya Bay) can resolve this ambiguity
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Provisional Project Schedule
Building construction
Accelerator shutdown: Injection lines and ND
excavationNuMI switch to ME configuration
Start of FD operation
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007Summary and Conclusions
• Extensive technical and approval progress for NOvA project– Incorporated accelerator
upgrade to 700 kW– Finalizing structural design– Successful extrusions– DOE CD1 approval
• Nova experiment next step in use of NuMI beamline and its upgrades.– Mixing strength, mass
hierarchy, direction to pursue for CP violation
• Highly complementary to T2K experiment– Combination of results will
define field.• On track for first detector
(IPND) start in 2008.
IPND extrusions at manufacturer
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TAUP 2007R. Plunkett14 September,2007
And now, special feelings for Sendai...
Nature is speaking.Sky, earth, beams of neutrinos;
Will we see the way?