![Page 1: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tectonic and Structural Tectonic and Structural LandformsLandforms
• Both endogenicBoth endogenic• Create large-scale landformsCreate large-scale landforms• TectonicTectonic
– produced by deep Earth process without produced by deep Earth process without erosionerosion
• StructuralStructural– the result of exogenous forces acting on the result of exogenous forces acting on
tectonic landformstectonic landforms
![Page 2: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Structural LandformsStructural Landforms
• Convergent tectonic forces produce fold Convergent tectonic forces produce fold structuresstructures– anticlines, synclines, monoclines, dome, basinsanticlines, synclines, monoclines, dome, basins
• Compressive or tensional forces produce Compressive or tensional forces produce faultingfaulting– fault scarps, horsts, grabensfault scarps, horsts, grabens
• Faults and folds impart relief to the Faults and folds impart relief to the landscape (until erosion gets to them)landscape (until erosion gets to them)
![Page 4: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
StructureStructure
• the attitude of a bed or stratum of the attitude of a bed or stratum of beds or strata of sedimentary rocks, beds or strata of sedimentary rocks, as indicated by the dip and strike.as indicated by the dip and strike.
• the disposition of the rock the disposition of the rock formations; i.e., the broad dips, folds, formations; i.e., the broad dips, folds, faults, and unconformities at depth faults, and unconformities at depth
![Page 5: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Strike and dipStrike and dip
![Page 6: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
LithologyLithology• Relative erodibilityRelative erodibility
– Layered rocks = wide rangeLayered rocks = wide range•SedimentarySedimentary
•VolcanicVolcanic
– Massive rocks = narrow rangeMassive rocks = narrow range•MetamorphicMetamorphic
• Intrusive igneousIntrusive igneous
– Erodibility is Erodibility is notnot absolute absolute•typicallytypically shale > limestone > sandstone shale > limestone > sandstone
~ gneiss~ gneiss
![Page 7: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LithologyLithology
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Notes/sedrocks.htm
Environment During Deposition
![Page 9: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Lithology/ClimateLithology/Climate
![Page 10: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Landforms assoc. with sedimentary Landforms assoc. with sedimentary rocksrocks
• Horizontal bedsHorizontal beds– plateau, mesa, table, butteplateau, mesa, table, butte
• Folded bedsFolded beds– anticline (arches in strata), syncline anticline (arches in strata), syncline
(trough in strata), cuesta, hogback(trough in strata), cuesta, hogback
![Page 11: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
TablelandsTablelands
• Plateau/mesa/butte/chimneyPlateau/mesa/butte/chimney
http://maunakea.com/patsadv/gallery.htm
![Page 12: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
TablelandsTablelands
![Page 13: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Tilted Layer Tilted Layer CakesCakes
• Monoclinal foldingMonoclinal folding– beds are flexed from beds are flexed from
one level to anotherone level to another
• Feature = f(dip angle)Feature = f(dip angle)– Cuesta (gentle)Cuesta (gentle)– Hogback (steep)Hogback (steep)– Flatiron (very steep and Flatiron (very steep and
supported)supported)
• Also f(rel. erodibility)Also f(rel. erodibility)• Drainage patternsDrainage patterns
– ParallelParallel– TrellisTrellis
http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/10l.html
![Page 14: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/EarthSC202Notes/sedrocks.htm
Landforms Associated with Sedimentary Rocks
Mesa Flat-topped hill capped with hard rock
Cuesta Gently-tilted layer of hard rock. The gentle upper slope, on top of the layer is called the dip slope
Hogback A sharp ridge of hard rock, edge of a steeply-dipping layer
![Page 15: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Monocline:“A double flexure connecting strata at one level with the same strata at another level”G.K. Gilbert
![Page 16: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
RidgesRidges• Cuestas and hogbacksCuestas and hogbacks
Copyright © J. Michael Daniels 2002http://www.alperry.com/coal/grand_hogback.html
![Page 17: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
“Strike”
DipSlope
ScarpSlope
“Dip”
“Contact”
Kd
Kd
Jm
Jm
![Page 20: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Delaware MIDelaware MIR
esistant units are typically <100’ thick and dip N
at 10-16°
1610 15
![Page 21: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Folded Rocks – SimpleFolded Rocks – Simple http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/1http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/physgeog/contents/10l.html0l.html
• Anticline/synclineAnticline/syncline
![Page 22: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Folded – Folded – still simplestill simple
• PlungingPlunging– Z-foldsZ-folds
![Page 23: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Simple folds - drainage
• Contorted– Metamorphic?
• Inward/outward–Radial
–Centripetal
• Ringlike - annular
![Page 26: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Folded Rocks - Complex
![Page 27: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Folded Rocks - Complex
Weak
Strong
Weak Strong
“scarp slope”“dip slope”
Horseshoe Hills.kmzHorseshoe Hills
![Page 28: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Tectonic and Structural Landforms Both endogenic Both endogenic Create large-scale landforms Create large-scale landforms Tectonic Tectonic –produced by](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649cfd5503460f949cde01/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bluntsynclinal
nose
Bluntsynclinal
nose
Sharpanticlinal
nose TOPOGRAPHY
STss