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Telecom Terms and Concepts
Introduction to terms
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Telecom and Computers are merged to deliver data
Tele – distance Communications
Transfer of information from a transmitter to a receiver
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Many parts come together to provide a path
Source
Sink
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Some terms to know
TransmitterReceiverCircuit
LinkLine
TrunkChannelSwitch
Network
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Transmitter
Also known as sender or source Originates the information transfer Samples include:
–Voice telephones–Data terminals–Host systems–Video cameras
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Receiver
Also known as the sink Destination of the information transfer Samples include:
-Telephones
-Host computers
-Video Monitors
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Circuit
A communications path, over an established medium, between two or more points, from end to end, between transmitter and receiver
Generally implies a logical connection over a physical path
May be for transport or access
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Access Circuits
From customer premise to the edge of the carrier network
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Transport Circuit
Employed at the core of the network for long-haul transmission
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Some types of Circuits
Simplex – (one way) Half-duplex – (two way, but only one at a time) Full-duplex – (two way, at the same time)
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Link
A two-point segment of an end-to-end circuit (e.g., from a terminal to switch)
Circuits generally consist of several links
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Line
Several definitions can make this term confusing.
PBX – station line – connection between the PBX switch and the station users terminal equipment
Rate and Tariff (Telco) – line refers to the local loop connection from Telco CO (Central Office) to the user in support of CPE (Customer Premise Equipment)
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Lines in Telco-speak
Examples– Single phone line to a business– A multi-line set
Usually voice grade – although this is changing as the infrastructure matures
For Telco’s the line side is the users access to the network – for the other side there are Trunks
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Trunk
A communications circuit, available to share among multiple users, on a pooled basis with contention managed by an intelligent switching device.– NOTE: this is not the same switching device as in a
Local Area Network – i.e. Layer 2
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Trunks Connect Switches
Tie Trunks – connect PBX switches in a private, leased line network
Central Office Exchange Trunks – connect PBX’s to Telco switches
Interoffice Trunks – Connect CO Exchange groups
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Trunk Groups
Groups of trunks serving the same special purpose.– WATS (Wide Area Telecommunications Service– DID (Direct Inward Dial)
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Trunks are Directional
One way out -- Originating One way in -- Terminating Two-way – Combination
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Channel
A means of communication between transmitter and receiver
A logical connection over a physical circuit to support a conversation
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Switch
Establishes, maintains and changes logical connections over physical circuits– Circuit– Packet– Frame– Cell
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Edge Switches
Positioned at the edge of the network Users gain access via an access link
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Core Switches
Also known as Tandem Switches High capacity switches at the core to
interconnect edge switches
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Network
The fabric of elements which work together to support the transfer of information