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Tenure trends and pressures on forest communities in
Cameroon
Samuel NguiffoCenter for Environment and Development
Cameroon
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Overview of global trends in tenure
• Increased demand drives investments on land (logging, mining, plantations)
• Increased infrastructure building to serve resource exploitation
• Conservation and carbon (potentially « positive initiatives » also harm)
• Investment is not a problem in itself : investment in a context of insecure communities tenure create unbalanced competition for access to land and resource
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The governance context matters
• Poor remedies offered to victims• Weak / non existing rules for adequately
protecting communities rights in the frame of investments of land
• Increased foreign debt for infrastructure• Revenue not trickling down: communities loose
4 times: destroyed livelihoods, no access to benefits, no access to infrastructure, and costs of paying back the foreign debt
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Logging
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Plantations and pressures on communities’ livelihoods
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Example of Livelihood in Lake Chad
The Lake Chad Basin is one of the most important agricultural heritage sites in the world, providing a lifeline to nearly 30 million people in four
countries — Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad and Niger (FAO)
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Message 2: Impacts of individual projects are often higher than foreseen
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Certified logging also hurts
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Protected areas and pressures on communities livelihoods
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Gabon RDC RCA Cameroun Tchad Congo Sao Tome et P0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
Répartition de la richesse dans les pays d'Afrique centrale
Les 20% les plus pauvres 20% suivants 20% suivants 20% suivants Les 20% les plus riches
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Investments tend to destroy communities livelihood
• Restricting access to privately owned land or to the commons
• Accessing resources also used by communities (commercial logging of species with high local value)
• Destroying resource used by communities in the process of accessing resources with no local use (iron mining, oil exploitation, etc.)
• Gradually changing the local economy, and transforming farmers into landless job seekers
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Perspectives• Tensions will increase, with increased demand• More conflicts, due to increased scarcity• Economic costs of conflicts are likelly to be
high (for the communities, the investors and the State)
• Security of investments is at risk in a context of insecure tenure rights
• Nobody is likely to gets what he expects….
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THANK YOU FOR YOU ATTENTION