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TERMS FOR VISUAL MEDIA
Camera Moves
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Persistence of Vision
the brain retains images cast on the retina for 1/20th to 1/5th of a second, allowing the images on the film to appear to be moving.
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Phi Phenomenon
the optical illusion which causes spinning fan blades to appear as one unit.
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Pan
turning the camera left or right on an axis … either “right” or “left”
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Truck
physically moving the camera left or right … either “right” or “left”
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Tilt
tipping the camera up or down on an axis … either “up” or “down”
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Pedestal
To physically raise or lower the camera…either “up” or “down”(boom shot)
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Zoom
changing the magnification of an image… either “in” or “out”
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Dolly
physically moving the camera toward or away from the subject… either “in” or “out”
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Arc
physically moving the camera in a semi-circular or circular pattern around the subject
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Rule of Thirds
technique of dividing the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically to promote a balanced picture.
Points of interest – 4, located at the intersection of the 1/3 cutlines.
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Rule of 180
The camera is placed on one side of the line of action and kept within that 180 degrees of the circle. This allows for constancy of motion.It keeps the audience “oriented.”Changing the 180 rule can “disorient” the audience, or allow for more camera shots in a small location.
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Frame
the smallest unit of film structure
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Frame Rate
speed of film or video - 24 fps – film; - 30 fps - videofast motion –
film slower to create fast motionslow motion –
film faster to create slow motion
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Aspect Ratio
frame height to width ratio
Film 7(wide) x 4(high)
Video- 4x3
letterbox style – what happens when the film is not formatted to fit the TV screen.
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Camera Shots
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Hand Held Camera
- jerky, uneven movement of the camera that heightens our sense of reality by simulating the subjective viewpoint of a character in motion.
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Shot
- a continuously exposed, unedited piece of film of any length.
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Arial Shot
- a shot from above made from a plane, helicopter, or crane.
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Crane Shot
- a shot taken from a mobile crane device.
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Establishing Shot
- a long shot that orients the audience by providing visual information for the scene that follows.
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Long Shot
- a shot which includes a good deal of background
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Full Shot
- a shot which includes the subject's entire body
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Medium Shot
- a shot midway between a close up and a full shot, including from the knees up
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Head Shot
- a shot of the subject from the shoulders up
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Close Up
- a shot of a subject's face or where the subject fills the fram
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Reaction Shot
- usually a close up of the emotional reaction registered on the face of the person most affected by the dialoge or action....a character reacting rather than acting
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Over the Shoulder Shot
- a shot looking over the shoulder of one character towards another
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Eye Line Shot
- a shot that shows us what a character is seeing