Download - Tests for Anaerobic Capacity
![Page 1: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Tests for Anaerobic Capacity
Dr. Asok Kumar GhoshProfessor, Sports Centre, UM.
![Page 2: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Anaerobic sources of ENERGY Rest to exercise transition causes oxygen uptake to increase rapidly; suggests impact of immediate energy stores (ATP-CP) as generating ATP at onset of exercise; this is followed by ATP synthesis being met by aerobic metabolism
During high intensity, short-term exercise of 2-20 seconds (ATP-CP); >20 seconds predominately anaerobic glycolysis; >45 seconds uses above in combination with aerobic system to meet ATP needs
Energy to perform prolonged exercise (>10 minutes) comes primarily from aerobic metabolism
![Page 3: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Field Tests Vs Lab Tests
To control validity, reliability and repeatability lab based tests are preferable.
However, sometimes field based testing is more appropriate for the athlete or athletes you are working with.
Therefore, the planning and execution of the tests must be rigorous, to ensure accurate and useful results are obtained.
![Page 4: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Anaerobic Indices
Not normally measured as an indication of fitness since are not considered to be related to health
Are not used in day-to-day life Mainly important in the assessment of
athletes Defined as the ability to do short-term bursts
of high-intensity work.
![Page 5: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Anaerobic Energy Production
Without Oxygen 1. ATP-PC 2. Glycolysis
![Page 6: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RECREATING ATP WITH PCr
![Page 7: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
ATP AND PCr DURING SPRINTING
![Page 8: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Anaerobic PowerDef. – maximal rate at which energy can be produced by the ATP-PC system.
Measured by high intensity tests
Muscle characteristic independent of O2
![Page 9: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Assessing Anaerobic Power
1. Margaria-Kalamen 2. Muscle Biopsy 3. Anaerobic Sprint Test 4. Sargent Jump Reach Test 5. Wingate Test
![Page 10: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Margaria Kalamen
Measures the ability of a subject to climb steps at maximal speed
The time it takes to climb from the 3rd to the 9th step in a stairway (usually have switch plates on the steps which determine the start and stop times)
![Page 11: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The Margaria Power Test
![Page 12: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Margaria Kalamen
Usually under 3 seconds so is a test of the phosphagen system
Power (kgm/sec) = Work ÷ Time = Force x Distance ÷ Time
Force = BW (kg) Distance = sum of step ht (meters) Time = amount of time to climb stairs (sec)
![Page 13: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Muscle Biopsy
Measure anaerobic enzymes Disadvantages
painful expensive invasive possibly not representative of the entire muscle
![Page 14: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sprint Test
Time to run a certain distance (usually 40-60 yards),
Or any short distances can be covered <5 sec.
Repetitive sprints measure the anaerobic capacity.
![Page 15: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sprint Tests
4 5 6 7 8 9
Time to run 50 yards
Anae
robi
c Po
wer
AnaerobicPower
![Page 16: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Series of 40-yard Dashes to Test Anaerobic Power
![Page 17: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sargent Jump Reach Test
Maximal Vertical Jump Test Hard to account for BW so try to include a
rate constant for a falling body in the equation Power (kgm/sec) = 2.21 x BW (kg) x jump
height (m)
![Page 18: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Laboratory Tests of Anaerobic Power
Wingate Test Cycle ergometer 30 s duration Count pedal revolutions Calculate peak power output, anaerobic fatigue,
and anaerobic capacity
![Page 19: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
METHOD
The testing device is a mechanically-braked bicycle ergometer.
10 minute warm up The athlete is asked to pedal as fast as possible
without any resistance. Within 3 seconds, a fixed resistance is applied to the
flywheel and the athlete continues to pedal "all out" for 30 seconds.
An electrical or mechanical counter continuously records flywheel revolutions in 5 second intervals.
![Page 20: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
METHOD
Flywheel resistance equals 0.075 kg per kg body mass. For a 70 kg person, the flywheel resistance would
equal 5.25 kg (70 kg * 0.075). Resistance often increases to 1.0 kg * body mass
or higher (up to 1.3 kg) when testing power and sprint athletes.
![Page 21: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CALCLATIONSPeak Power Output (PP) The highest power output, observed during the first 5 sec of exercise,
indicates the energy generating capacity of the immediate energy system (intramuscular high energy phosphates ATP and PC). PP is calculated as follows:
PP = Force * Distance (number of revolutions * distance per revolution) / Time in minutes (5 secs = 0.0833 min).
Relative Peak Power Output (RPP) Peak power output relative to body mass is calculated as follows: RPP = PP / Body mass (kg) Anaerobic Fatigue (AF) AF represents the systems total capacity to produce ATP via the immediate
and short-term energy systems. AF provides percentage decline in power output and is calculated as follows:
AF = Highest 5 sec PP - Lowest 5 sec PP / Highest 5 sec PP * 100. Anaerobic Capacity (AC) Total work accomplished in 30 secs. AC is calculated as follows: AC = Sum of each 5 sec PP or AC = Force * Total distance in 30 secs.
![Page 22: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Anaerobic Capacity
Reflects glycolytic + phosphagen system Blood lactate levels increase in direct
proportion to the duration of anaerobic exercise
Glycogen depletion parallels exercise intensity
![Page 24: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Different ways of measuring anaerobic capacity
By measuring oxygen debt, blood lactate and oxygen deficit
There are accuracy problems when using oxygen debt and blood lactate measures for anaerobic capacity.
Oxygen deficit is the most accurate measure of anaerobic capacity still reports an unacceptable error rate.
![Page 25: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit (MAOD).
Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)/ or O2 Debt.
![Page 26: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Maximum Accumulated Oxygen Deficit (MAOD)
THE MAXIMAL AMOUNT OF ATP that can be produced through anaerobic metabolism during a supramaximal exercise bout has been defined as a person's anaerobic capacity (AC)
The maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), measured during 2-3 min of exhaustive exercise, is an accurate method of quantifying an individual's AC
The measurement of Oxygen deficit is done by calculating the difference between the estimated oxygen demand and the actual value that was obtained for oxygen uptake after
supramaximal work
![Page 27: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The maximum amount of ATP that can be produced through anaerobic metabolism during a supramaximal exercise bout has been defined as a person's anaerobic capacity.
As proposed by Medbo et al., (1988) the accumulated oxygen deficit or AOD (also known as Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit or MAOD), measured during 2-3 min of exhaustive exercise, is an accurate method of quantifying an individual's anaerobic capacity.
Anaerobic Capacity
![Page 28: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
The measurement of Oxygen deficit is done by calculating the difference between the estimated oxygen demand and the actual of VO2 obtained during supramaximal work (accumulated oxygen demand – measured accumulated oxygen consumption). (Medbo et al, 1988)
Cont.
![Page 29: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
PHASE 1
Measurement of the VO2max for the subject
VO2max of each subject was measured in the laboratory following a graded incremental cycling protocol on an Excalibur, Lode cycle ergometer. The initial load was 50W and was increased by 16W every 1 minute until exhaustion.
![Page 30: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
PHASE 2
Submaximal tests at 60, 70, 80 and 90%VO2max
Cyclists performed four submaximal exercise for 10 min on a cycle ergometer at 60, 70, 80, and 90%VO2max, on separate days.
60%
VO
2ma
x
90%
VO
2ma
x
70%
VO
2ma
x
80%
VO
2ma
x
120%
VO
2ma
x
Oxygen demand and supramaximal power output was estimated at 120% VO2max for each subject
![Page 31: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Load (%) vs VO2
Relative VO2 vs Load (Load at 120% VO2 max extrapolated)
y = 0.2594x - 3.6569
R2 = 0.9697
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
100 120 140 160 180 200 220
Load (Watt)
VO
2 (m
l/kg
/min
)
![Page 32: Tests for Anaerobic Capacity](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042607/551b1e654a795997718b45cc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
O2 Deficit
O2 deficit (ml/kg) = (Estmated VO2 at 120% for the total cycling time) – (Actual VO2 for the total cycling time) / Body wt. (Kg)